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Economic Contributions of Florida Agriculture, Natural Resources, Food and Kindred Product Manufacturing and Distribution, and Service Industries in 20061
Alan W. Hodges, Mohammad Rahmani, and W. David Mulkey2Introduction
The agricultural and natural resource industries in Florida that produce food, fiber, and mineral commodities are linked to a broad range of other economic sectors for food and kindred products manufacturing, wholesale and retail distribution, input suppliers, support services, and nature-based recreation. In addition to farms, forests, and fisheries, this includes activities such as mining, fertilizer manufacturing, sawmills, fruit and vegetable processing, landscaping, food stores, restaurants, building material and garden stores, pest control, golf courses, and recreational fishing. This report provides estimates of these industries' contribution to the economy of Florida in 2006, updating a previous study for 2004 (Hodges, Rahmani, and Mulkey, 2006), and supercedes a recent report by the same authors (January 2008). Here the scope of analysis is expanded to include food and kindred product distribution activities, such as wholesale food distributors, retail food stores, restaurants/other food service establishments, and building material/garden stores.Methods
Data for this analysis were obtained from the IMPLAN Professional database for Florida counties for 2001-2004 and 2006 (Minnesota IMPLAN Group). These data were not available for 2005. IMPLAN data were derived from the National Income and Product Accounts and employment data for the United States (U.S. Department of Commerce). More than 110 individual industry sectors in Florida were identified as related to agriculture and natural resource commodity production, input supply and supporting services, food and kindred product manufacturing, food distribution, and nature-based recreation. A list of industry groups and individual sectors included in the analysis is shown in Table 1 . Economic contributions were also evaluated for several recognizable industry commodity groups that have linkages between production and processing/manufacturing sectors, including environmental horticulture (nursery and greenhouse production; landscape services); fruit and vegetable farms and processing; forestry, logging, and forest product manufacturing; sugarcane and refined sugar manufacturing; livestock and animal products manufacturing; and fishing and seafood products.The total regional economic impacts for each sector were estimated using regional input-output multipliers developed from IMPLAN. Multipliers capture the indirect and induced effects of sales outside Florida (exports) that bring new money into the region and generate further economic activity as these dollars circulate through the economy (Miller and Blair, 1985). Indirect effects represent the economic activity generated by businesses that furnish inputs to the agricultural, food manufacturing and natural resource industries, while induced effects represent the impacts of industry employee household spending. The total economic impacts are the sum of direct, indirect, and induced effects. A brief glossary of economic impact analysis terminology is provided in the Appendix .
Regional input-output models were developed with IMPLAN for the state of Florida for nine economic regions and for all 67 counties in the state. The nine regions were defined based on metropolitan areas, employee commuting patterns, and other economic data from the 2000 Census (Johnson and Kort, 2004). It should be noted that some Georgia counties included in the north Florida regions were not evaluated in this analysis, and that there were slight discrepancies in the results of the analysis at the state, region, and county levels due to differences in trade flows and accounting adjustments. The models were constructed with default parameters and trade flow assumptions. Adjustments made to the data were for exports by the Forestry, Fruit farming, Vegetable and melon farming, and Greenhouse and nursery sectors, based on information from primary surveys for previous studies (Hodges, et al., 2002, 2005, 2006). Values for some activities were estimated as a share of their parent sector based on past studies and other economic data: landscape services and pest control services (70% and 10%, respectively, of services to buildings), wholesale food distribution (27.5% of wholesale trade), and golf courses and recreational fishing (30% and 10%, respectively, of amusement and recreation services).
Values for 2001 through 2006 were expressed in 2007 dollars using the mid-year (July) indices for the Gross Domestic Product Implicit Price Deflator (U.S. Dept. of Commerce), which is a broad measure that accounts for effects of price changes in the measurement of GDP.
Results
Total Statewide Impacts
Total industry output or sales of the agriculture, natural resources, and food-related industries in Florida in 2006 were about $137 billion (Bn) in 2007 dollars (Table 1 , Figure 1 ). Total exports of goods and services outside the state and sales to Florida visitors amounted to $46 Bn. As a result of the indirect and induced multipler effects from these exports, the total output impacts were estimated at nearly $200 Bn. Direct employment in the industry was nearly 1.5 million full-time and part-time jobs, and total employment impacts were estimated at almost 2 million jobs (Table 1 ). The direct value added contribution of these industries was $66 Bn, and total value added impacts from multiplier effects were $102 Bn. Value added is a broad measure of economic contribution that is comparable to the Gross Domestic Product at the national level, and represents the net income created by an industry, or the difference between industry revenues and input purchases from other sectors; it includes personal and business net income, and capital consumption. The labor (earned) income impact of employee wages and benefits and business proprietor income was estimated to be $65 Bn. Indirect business tax impacts to local, state, and federal governments were $11.4 Bn.
Figure 1. Structure of economic activity in Florida agriculture, natural resources, food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution, and service industries in 2006. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data. Impacts by Industry Groups and Sectors
Economic contributions by major industry groups and specific industry sectors in Florida in 2006 are given in Table 1 . The largest valued added impacts in the industry were from Food and Kindred Products Distribution ($53.2 Bn), followed by Food and Kindred Products Manufacturing ($13.7 Bn), Agricultural Inputs and Services ($10.4 Bn), Crop, Livestock, Forestry, and Fisheries Production ($10.3 Bn), Forest Product Manufacturing ($6.3 Bn), Nature-based Recreation ($6.0 Bn), and Mining ($1.9 Bn) ( Figure 2 ). In terms of employment impacts, the highest impacts occurred for Food and Kindred Products Distribution (1,160,790 jobs), followed by Crop, Livestock, Forestry, and Fisheries Production (238,237 jobs), Agricultural Inputs and Services (234,575), Food and Kindred Products Manufacturing (165,8499), Nature-based Recreation (96,535 jobs), Forest Product Manufacturing (77,345 jobs), and Mining (21,737 jobs) ( Figure 3 ).
Figure 2. Output and value added impacts of agriculture, natural resources, food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution, and service industries in 2006. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data.
Figure 3. Employment impacts of agriculture, natural resources, food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution, and service industries in Florida in 2006. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data. Among agricultural commodity groups with market chain linkages between producers, manufacturers, and service sectors, the largest value-added impacts were for Environmental Horticulture ($7.7 Bn), which includes nursery and greenhouse production and landscape services, followed by Forestry and Forest Products ($7.0 Bn), Fruit and Vegetable Farming and Processing ($6.5 Bn), Tobacco Farming and Manufacturing ($2.9 Bn), Sugarcane Farming and Refined Sugar Manufacturing ($1.4 Bn), Livestock and Dairy Farming and Animal Products Manufacturing ($1.1 Bn), and Fishing and Seafood Products ($220 Mn) ( Figure 4 ). In terms of employment impacts, the largest industry groups were Environmental Horticulture (172,395 jobs), Fruit and Vegetable Farming and Processing (93,389 jobs), and Forestry and Forest Products Manufacturing (89,012 jobs) ( Figure 5 ).
Figure 4. Output and value added impacts of food and fiber commodity groups in Florida in 2006. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data.
Figure 5. Employment impacts of food and fiber commodity groups in Florida in 2006. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data. Individual industry sectors that generated the largest value added impacts were Food Services (restaurants and drinking places, $21.4 Bn), Wholesale Trade in Food and Kindred Products ($17.4 Bn), Food and Beverage Stores ($7.6 Bn), Building Material and Garden Stores ($6.8 Bn), Landscape Services ($5.45 Bn), Golf Courses ($4.4 Bn), Soft Drink and Ice Manufacturing ($3.51 Bn), Other Tobacco Product Manufacturing ($2.71 Bn), Greenhouse and Nursery Production ($2.23 Bn), Vegetable and Melon Farming ($2.37 Bn), Agriculture and Forestry Support Activities ($2.30 Bn), Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing ($2.20 Bn), Fruit and Vegetable Canning and Drying ($1.70 Bn), Paper and Paperboard Mills ($1.62 Bn), Recreational Fishing ($1.5 Bn), Veterinary Services ($1.05 Bn), and Engineered Wood and Truss Manufacturing ($1.03 Bn) (Table 1 ). In terms of employment impacts, the largest sectors were Food Services (661,961 jobs), Food Stores (209,344 jobs), Food Wholesalers (178,153 jobs), Building Material/Garden Stores (111,332 jobs), Landscape Services (144,380 jobs), Agriculture/Forestry Support Services (91,772 jobs), Golf Courses (70,723 jobs), Soft Drink/Ice Manufacturing (42,934 jobs), Veterinary Services (31,651 jobs), Fruit Farming (31,050 jobs), Vegetable/Melon Farming (30,359 jobs), Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing (28,399 jobs), and Greenhouse/Nursery Production (28,015 jobs).
Impacts in Florida Regions and Counties
Regional impacts of agricultural, food manufacturing, and natural resource industries were evaluated for nine economic regions of Florida ( Figure 6 ). Total value added impacts in these regions, ranked in descending order, were Miami-Ft. Lauderdale ($32.3 Bn), Orlando ($25.4 Bn), Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ($15.8 Bn), Jacksonville ($11.0 Bn), Sarasota-Bradenton ($9.6 Bn), Pensacola ($2.6 Bn), Gainesville ($2.2 Bn), Tallahassee ($1.9 Bn), and Panama City ($1.1 Bn) (Table 2 , Figure 7 ). Employment impacts followed in this same order among regions ( Figure 8 ).
Figure 6. Economic regions in Florida in 2006. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce.
Figure 7. Output and value added impacts in Florida region by agriculture, natural resources, food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution, and service industries in 2006. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data.
Figure 8. Employment impacts in Florida regions by agriculture, natural resources, food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution, and service industries in 2006. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data. Industry economic impacts were also evaluated for all 67 counties in Florida as shown in Table 3 . The largest counties in terms of value added impacts were Miami-Dade ($12.3 Bn), Hillsborough ($10.5 Bn), and Orange ($10.2 Bn), followed by a second tier of counties including Duval ($8.0 Bn), Broward ($7.9 Bn), and Palm Beach ($7.2 Bn) ( Figure 9 ). Other counties with value added impacts exceeding $2 billion included Polk ($4.9 Bn), Pinellas ($4.0 Bn), Lee ($2.7 Bn), Collier ($2.4 Bn), Manatee ($2.1 Bn), and Seminole ($2.0 Bn). The first six counties all had employment impacts of at least 150,000 jobs, while the next six counties had employment impacts of at least 40,000 jobs.
Figure 9. Value added impacts in the twenty largest Florida counties by agriculture, natural resources, food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution, and service industries in 2006. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data. Impact Trends from 2001 to 2006
In addition to the economic contributions in the most recent year, it is important to understand how these values have changed over time. Trends in economic impacts of these industries between 2001 and 2006 are shown in Table 4 and Figures 10-11. Note that all values were adjusted for inflation to express in constant 2007 dollars. Total value added impacts grew from $85 Bn in 2001 to $102 Bn in 2006, representing an average annual growth of 3.9 percent ( Figure 10 ). Total output impacts grew by an average of 5.5 percent annually, and total employment impacts increased by 1.2 percent annually. For the recent period of 2004-06, however, there was a more modest average annual growth in value added impacts (0.7%) and output impacts (0.5%), while employment impacts actually declined slightly (-0.5%). Note that these trends may reflect changes in the structure of the Florida economy as well as changes in industry activity and commodity prices.
Figure 10. Trends in economic impacts during 2001-2006 for Florida agriculture, natural resources, food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution, and service industries. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data. Among industry groups, average annual growth in value added impacts during the period 2001-06 was highest for Forest Products Manufacturing (12.9%) and Agricultural Inputs and Services (12.5%), followed by Food and Kindred Products Distribution (7.9%); Food and Kindred Products Manufacturing (6.8%); Mining (5.1%); Crop, Livestock, Forestry, and Fisheries Production (1.3% each); and Nature-based Recreation (0.4%) ( Figure 11 ).
Figure 11. Trends in value added impacts during 2001-2006 for industry groups of Florida agriculture, natural resources, food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution, and service industries. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data (data unavailable for 2005). Among commodity groups, Environmental Horticulture sustained a high average growth rate in value added impacts throughout this period (4.6%), and during 2004-06 (8.4%). Very strong overall growth occurred for Tobacco Farming and Processing (26.5%); however, this group shrank (-4.1%) from 2004-06. A similar pattern is evident for Forestry and Forest Products Manufacturing, with good overall growth (6.5%), but then slowing (2.2%) during the latter period. Other commodity groups that experienced a decline during 2004-06 were Livestock, Dairy Farming, and Animal Products Manufacturing (-10%); Sugarcane Farming, Refined Sugar, and Confections (-11.7%); and Fishing and Seafood Products (-22.6%).
Among individual industry sectors with a significant change between 2001 and 2006, the highest increase in value added impacts over the recent period were for Landscape Services ($924 Mn), and Soft Drink/Ice Manufacturing ($675 Mn). Other tobacco product manufacturing had substantial growth ($1.78 Bn, or 25% average annually) during 2001-04, but then decreased (-$297 Mn,or -5% annually) during 2004-06. Veterinary services, Greenhouse and nursery products, and Forest Nurseries/Timber recorded significant annual growth of 16 percent, 5 percent, and 4 percent, respectively, during 2004-2006. Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing had the highest decrease of $706 Mn (-12% annually) during the recent period. Other sectors with significant decreases in value added impacts during 2004-2006 period were Fruit/Vegetable Canning/Drying (-$452 Mn, -10%), Agricultural/Forestry Support Activities (-$289 Mn, -6%), Sugar Refining (-$265 Mn, -11%), and Frozen Foods (-$217 Mn, -9%).
Share of Gross State Product
The relative importance of the agriculture, natural resources, food, and kindred product manufacturing, distribution, and nature-based recreation industries in Florida can be gauged by their share of overall economic activity in the state. The Gross State Product in 2006, which is equivalent to the sum of value added for all industries in the state, was $704 Bn in 2007 dollars, and the total employment in the state was 10.3 million jobs. The direct value added contributed by agriculture, natural resource, and related food industries ($65.6 Bn) represented 9.3 percent of Florida's Gross State Product ( Figure 12 ), ranking third among all major industry groups. Direct employment in these industries represented 14.2 percent of all jobs in the state, ranking second among major industry groups ( Figure 13 ). It is important to note that in this analysis, some industry sectors were reclassified from their original designation under the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to be included as part of the broadly defined agriculture and related industries.
Figure 12. Contribution to Gross State Product (GSP) of Florida by major industry groups in 2006. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data.
Figure 13. Direct employment by major industry groups in Florida in 2006. Source: IMPLAN Professional Data. Conclusions
This analysis showed that agriculture and natural resources are very diverse industries, with linkages to food and kindred product manufacturing, distribution, and related service activities. These industries collectively have a significant economic impact on the Florida economy, accounting for about 9 percent of Gross State Product and 14 percent of total employment, which is ranked second among major industry groups These industries are present throughout the state, with major activity in urbanized metro areas as well as rural counties, where it may be relatively more important as a share of total economic activity. The industries have grown substantially since 2001, with average annual growth rates roughly matching the overall Florida economy (4%), however, growth significantly slowed during the recent 2004-06 period. Finally, in addition to these economic impacts, agriculture and related industries managed nearly 24 million acres (36,000 square miles) in forests, crops, and pasture land uses, or about two-thirds of the land area of the state. These lands provide valuable non-marketed environmental services for water supply, water quality improvement, pollution abatement, erosion control and shoreline protection, carbon sequestration and climate stabilization, wildlife habitat, and open space for community buffers and outdoor recreation.References
Hodges, Alan W., and John J. Haydu. 2006. Economic Impacts of the Florida Environmental Horticulture Industry in 2005. Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) FE675. Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Available online at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FE675 .Hodges, Alan W., and John J. Haydu. 2002. Economic Impacts of the Florida Golf Course Industry. FRE Economic Information Report EIR-02-04. Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (June). Executive Summary is available at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FE/FE34400.pdf .
Hodges, Alan W., W. David Mulkey, Janaki R. Alavalapati, and Douglas R. Carter. 2006. Economic Impacts of the Forest Industry in Florida, 2003. Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) FE538. Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Available online at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FE538 .
Hodges, Alan, Mohammad Rahmani, and W. David Mulkey. 2005. Economic Impacts of the Florida Citrus Industry in 2003-04. Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) FE633. Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Available online at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FE633 .
Hodges, Alan W., Mohamamad Rahmani, and W. David Mulkey. 2006. Economic Impacts of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resource Industries in Florida in 2004. Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) FE680, Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Available online at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FE680 .
Johnson, K., and J. Kort. 2004. Redefinition of the BEA Economic Areas (Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce). Survey of Current Business 84 (11): 68-75. Available online at http://www.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2004/11november/1104Econ-Areas.pdf .
Miller, R.E., and P.D. Blair. 1985. Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Publishing Company.
Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc. IMPLAN System (data and software), 1725 Tower Drive West, Suite 140, Stillwater, MN 55082. Available online at http://www.implan.com .
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Gross domestic product implicit price deflator, 1970-2007, quarterly. Available online at http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred/data/gdp/gdpdef .
Tables
Table 1. Economic contributions of Florida agriculture, natural resources, food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution, and service industry groups and sectors in 2006.
Industry Group or Sector Industry Output
Foreign & Domestic Exports
Total Output Impacts
Direct Value Added
Total Value Added Impacts
Direct Employment Impacts
Total Employment Impacts
Million Dollars (2007)
Million Dollars (2007)
Full-time & Part-time Jobs
Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production
12,135
5,410
18,909
6,240
10,290
172,518
238,237
Fruit Farming 2,128
532
2,763
1,092
1,475
24,584
31,050
Agriculture & forestry support activities 2,044
1,131
3,577
1,378
2,301
78,331
91,772
Greenhouse & nursery production 1,947
818
3,038
1,570
2,231
18,083
28,015
Vegetable & melon farming 1,885
1,508
3,808
1,212
2,367
11,854
30,359
Forest nurseries, forest products & timber
975
195
1,283
190
382
1,562
6,974
Cattle ranching & farming 944
403
1,332
95
307
7,660
11,296
Logging
773
148
933
196
283
3,136
4,692
Sugarcane & sugar beet farming 427
190
641
164
292
11,852
13,925
Poultry & egg production 309
179
483
138
239
645
2,130
Animal (except cattle & poultry) production 244
41
278
30
49
5,704
6,011
Fishing
226
67
315
54
106
7,647
8,384
All other crop farming
178
144
340
91
187
985
2,483
Cotton farming
32
32
70
14
37
180
602
Tobacco farming
12
10
25
10
19
139
260
Grain farming
8
9
18
4
10
125
218
Oilseed farming
2
2
4
1
3
22
43
Tree nut farming 1
1
2
1
1
9
21
Agricultural Inputs & Services
14,709
7,044
23,349
5,516
10,438
163,880
234,575
Landscape services
6,510
2,234
9,883
3,391
5,451
113,609
144,380
Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing
3,369
3,203
6,753
407
2,195
3,666
28,399
Veterinary services
1,980
360
2,406
791
1,046
27,962
31,651
Pest control services
930
319
1,412
484
779
16,230
20,626
Nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing
641
437
1,057
85
291
515
3,225
Pesticide & other agricultural chemical manufacturing
599
427
1,092
198
477
346
4,210
Fertilizer (mixing only) manufacturing
422
0
422
90
90
781
781
Farm machinery & equipment manufacturing
157
31
186
33
51
377
615
Food product machinery manufacturing 63
20
88
28
43
250
458
Lawn & garden equipment manufacturing 18
3
20
3
4
42
60
Paper industry machinery manufacturing 12
6
19
4
8
55
110
Sawmill & woodworking machinery 9
2
11
3
4
48
62
Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing
20,952
11,311
36,220
4,966
13,748
42,693
165,849
Soft drink & ice manufacturing 4,698
3,922
9,488
812
3,515
7,107
42,934
Other tobacco product manufacturing 2,997
2,038
6,314
811
2,711
2,133
26,685
Fruit & vegetable canning & drying 1,693
1,590
3,721
504
1,701
3,254
19,766
Bread & bakery products (except frozen) 1,174
15
1,193
473
484
8,011
8,166
Fluid milk manufacturing 1,145
3
1,148
137
138
1,880
1,907
Sugar manufacturing
1,121
828
2,513
181
915
1,806
16,246
Frozen food manufacturing 968
892
2,087
291
956
2,963
12,213
Breweries 740
561
1,483
294
743
823
7,197
Seafood product preparation & packaging 564
33
606
90
114
1,926
2,346
Meat processed from carcasses 561
57
624
61
94
1,262
1,767
Distilleries 481
502
1,257
288
795
439
7,886
Animal slaughtering
(except poultry)
447
15
464
64
71
1,102
1,271
Poultry processing
431
18
449
71
81
1,853
1,987
Cigarette manufacturing 401
11
418
159
170
134
279
Other snack food manufacturing 361
6
369
95
100
631
699
All other food manufacturing 358
62
435
62
106
1,375
2,002
Coffee & tea manufacturing 338
31
383
47
73
598
952
Other animal food manufacturing 329
308
581
25
164
461
2,319
Spice & extract manufacturing 315
6
323
87
92
711
775
Ice cream & frozen dessert manufacturing
295
2
297
57
58
614
631
Cookie & cracker manufacturing 287
0
287
84
84
746
746
Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing 198
76
302
56
116
606
1,439
Confectionery manufacturing (purchased chocolate) 173
67
260
31
80
560
1,250
Mayonnaise, dressing & sauce manufacturing 160
12
175
36
44
411
522
Rendering & meat byproduct processing
108
27
152
28
50
196
507
Flavoring syrup & concentrate manufacturing 103
4
108
31
34
167
209
Flour milling 96
74
200
20
85
108
946
Wineries 72
58
139
15
55
216
772
Dog & cat food manufacturing 72
26
94
8
20
68
231
Cheese manufacturing 50
0
51
6
6
63
67
Confectionery manufacturing (cacao beans) 43
8
53
7
12
85
159
Rice milling 41
36
91
8
39
61
460
Dry, condensed & evaporated dairy products 36
7
44
8
12
45
110
Dry pasta manufacturing 23
1
24
5
6
67
73
Roasted nuts & peanut butter manufacturing 23
9
32
4
9
67
114
Fats & oils refining & blending
20
6
24
3
6
13
46
Frozen cakes & other pastries manufacturing 18
1
20
5
6
115
130
Mixes & dough (purchased flour)
7
0
7
3
3
12
15
Tortilla manufacturing
4
0
4
1
1
24
24
Forest Products Manufacturing
8,590
5,320
14,471
2,922
6,288
30,125
77,345
Paper & paperboard mills
1,466
1,650
3,474
487
1,620
2,300
18,180
Engineered wood member & truss manufacturing 1,419
559
2,107
630
1,026
8,245
13,851
Sanitary paper product manufacturing 1,270
990
2,303
393
989
1,895
10,222
Paperboard container manufacturing
1,179
1,156
2,157
320
904
3,641
11,730
Wood windows & door
manufacturing
793
9
805
363
369
3,952
4,050
Sawmills 651
51
721
188
224
2,397
2,940
Pulp mills 360
424
926
96
400
499
4,903
Other millwork (includes flooring) 344
10
357
97
104
2,012
2,112
Veneer & plywood manufacturing 208
17
233
58
71
1,096
1,288
Coated & laminated paper & packaging 192
220
425
58
195
514
2,405
Wood preservation
184
4
189
43
46
622
664
Wood container & pallet manufacturing
172
4
177
64
67
1,466
1,506
Coated & uncoated paper bag manufacturing 135
125
264
36
112
443
1,488
All other converted paper product manufacturing 85
92
191
31
95
309
1,190
Miscellaneous wood product manufacturing
72
6
80
34
38
479
543
Reconstituted wood product manufacturing 36
2
38
19
21
84
101
Cut stock, resawing lumber & planing 22
0
22
5
5
162
162
Surface-coated paperboard manufacturing 3
0
3
0
1
9
11
Mining
3,149
1,110
4,503
1,118
1,928
10,188
21,737
Oil & gas extraction
1,872
32
1,912
443
464
5,377
5,645
Other nonmetallic mineral mining 463
258
777
247
435
1,743
4,413
Stone mining & quarrying 299
311
675
177
404
1,210
4,474
Sand, gravel, clay & refractory mining 219
266
540
136
330
1,142
3,897
Drilling oil & gas wells
196
161
391
46
160
373
1,992
Gold, silver & other metal ores mining
38
19
61
22
36
48
246
Support activities for oil & gas operations
36
37
87
34
65
196
650
Support activities for other mining
23
24
55
13
32
95
393
Iron ore mining
2
2
5
1
3
4
27
Nature-based Recreation
4,927
3,258
9,874
2,988
6,003
51,346
96,535
Golf courses
3,565
2,415
7,229
2,208
4,441
37,591
70,723
Recreational fishing
1,188
805
2,410
736
1,480
12,530
23,574
Hunting & trapping 173
39
235
43
81
1,224
2,238
Food & Kindred Products Distribution
72,133
12,531
90,613
41,909
53,210
995,415
1,160,790
Food services & drinking places 33,306
5,642
40,930
16,823
21,381
595,622
661,961
Wholesale trade, food & kindred products
18,399
5,125
26,447
12,408
17,404
104,496
178,153
Food & beverage stores 11,398
593
12,341
7,020
7,605
200,881
209,344
Building material & garden supply stores
9,030
1,171
10,896
5,657
6,820
94,416
111,332
Total
136,595
45,985
197,941
65,659
101,904
1,466,165
1,995,068
Source: IMPLAN data for Florida (MIG, Inc., 2007). Impact estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Values expressed in millions 2007 dollars using GDP implicit price deflator (U.S. Department of Commerce).
Table 2. Economic impacts in Florida regions by agriculture, natural resources, food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution, and service industries in 2006.
Industry Group Miami - Ft Lauderdale
Orlando
Tampa - St. Petersburg- Clearwater
Sarasota - Bradenton
Jacksonville
Gainesville
Tallahassee
Panama City
Pensacola
Output Impacts (million dollars)
59,465
49,249
33,234
17,060
21,578
5,292
4,904
2,328
5,027
Agriucltural Inputs & Services 4,458
7,801
4,260
2,490
1,196
205
1,380
156
344
Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production 6,681
3,899
1,406
3,112
890
1,449
583
405
325
Mining 501
923
3,050
314
101
79
92
10
98
Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing 9,619
7,135
9,195
1,794
8,596
1,303
337
31
138
Forest Products Manufacturing 3,066
2,823
1,477
471
3,077
649
1,047
657
824
Food & Kindred Products Distribution 33,733
20,573
13,348
7,697
7,601
1,595
1,426
1,011
3,253
Nature-based Recreation 1,407
6,094
498
1,182
118
12
39
58
46
Employment Impacts (Jobs)
623,312
506,670
306,568
201,226
177,724
51,484
44,202
26,294
61,374
Agricultural Inputs & Services
61,792
65,139
36,592
29,202
15,694
3,301
7,444
2,733
5,656
Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production 82,905
53,661
25,675
43,557
6,297
10,398
5,709
3,269
2,679
Mining 2,950
5,614
13,010
1,690
663
522
666
64
490
Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing 46,681
34,844
41,388
9,059
41,742
6,775
1,254
132
648
Forest Products Manufacturing 15,855
16,157
8,227
2,498
15,988
4,022
4,947
3,390
4,283
Food & Kindred Products Distribution 398,653
272,323
175,210
104,252
95,947
26,288
23,672
15,963
46,937
Nature-based Recreation 14,476
58,931
6,467
10,967
1,392
178
511
744
682
Value Added Impacts (million dollars)
32,254
25,384
15,847
9,552
11,023
2,157
1,906
1,123
2,639
Agricultural Inputs & Services
2,194
3,175
1,851
1,310
617
98
353
77
171
Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production 3,860
2,127
776
1,815
444
514
227
170
131
Mining
275
502
1,089
148
61
45
56
4
53
Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing 3,391
2,773
3,436
795
3,966
376
86
8
31
Forest Products Manufacturing 1,313
1,230
650
224
1,388
251
399
269
364
Food & Kindred Products Distribution
20,364
11,895
7,752
4,522
4,482
869
769
565
1,862
Nature-based Recreation 857
3,683
292
738
65
5
15
29
27
Source: IMPLAN data for Florida (MIG, Inc., 20007). Impact estimates include regional multiplier effects.
* Values expressed in millions 2007 dollars using GDP implicit price deflator (U.S. Department of Commerce).
Table 3. Economic impacts in Florida counties in 2006.
County Industry Output
Total Output Impacts
Direct Value Added
Total Value Added Impacts
Direct Employment
Total Employment Impacts
Million Dollars (2007)
Million Dollars (2007)
Full-time & Part-time Jobs
Alachua 1318.5
1780.8
645.4
941.3
19,920
24,838
Baker 114.9
141.0
50.7
66.1
1,183
1,491
Bay 1,153.0
1,615.3
543.0
834.4
13,680
18,317
Bradford 206.0
274.6
74.2
106.4
14,30
1,997
Brevard 2,239.6
2,507.0
1,173.6
1,332.9
32,441
35,172
Broward 10,701.3
14,215.4
5,748.6
7,915.2
122,686
153,099
Calhoun 120.7
161.8
45.4
66.5
1,499
1,916
Charlotte 644.9
774.5
348.1
429.5
9,823
11,284
Citrus 478.6
555.8
229.1
274.0
6,463
7,235
Clay 639.6
747.4
303.1
363.9
9,468
10,559
Collier 2,876.7
4,156.9
1,649.7
2,431.8
35,456
47,027
Columbia 595.5
779.7
180.8
274.6
4,611
6,300
DeSoto 587.8
812.0
244.2
373.3
7,366
10,720
Dixie 242.2
311.0
75.2
106.6
1,873
2,495
Duval 9,454.6
15,702.5
4,215.1
8,025.6
72,048
122,316
Escambia 1,867.5
2,594.1
881.6
1,342.4
20,877
28,130
Flagler 323.5
412.9
172.7
228.7
4,557
5,469
Franklin 63.3
83.1
28.8
39.8
1,084
1,334
Gadsden 273.2
353.9
135.8
184.3
4,051
5,078
Gilchrist 165.7
205.8
42.8
62.4
1,101
1,602
Glades 107.2
142.0
44.0
64.2
894
1,327
Gulf 69.2
83.3
31.5
39.8
712
842
Hamilton 838.4
994.8
93.7
137.8
1,303
2,039
Hardee 469.9
647.6
218.1
3226.5
6,182
8,570
Hendry 1,273.1
1,796.7
534.1
831.8
11,112
18,517
Hernando 582.6
675.9
295.3
352.0
9,231
10,301
Highlands 930.5
1,309.7
414.4
637.5
11,030
16,579
Hillsborough 13,581.4
21,736.5
5,676.0
10,481.9
123,318
188,622
Holmes 105.7
128.9
36.7
47.9
915
1,144
Indian River 1,033.2
1,352.8
529.4
725.1
15,109
18,544
Jackson 232.2
291.6
97.4
131.2
2,808
3,479
Jefferson 70.6
92.6
32.8
45.2
978
1,243
Lafayette 91.7
120.7
29.2
43.0
644
949
Lake 1,561.5
2,018.3
792.3
1,070.3
18,505
23,452
Lee 3,461.2
4,606.9
1,929.2
2,650.1
43,635
54,354
Leon 1,241.9
1,462.3
639.0
781.3
21,273
23,531
Levy 269.4
350.2
88.8
130.2
2,636
3,565
Liberty 202.2
253.5
53.2
74.8
707
1,048
Madison 378.1
474.7
84.3
131.4
1,219
2,096
Manatee 2,762.0
3,975.8
1,419.2
2,145.6
31,492
43,727
Marion 1,758.5
2,234.8
742.6
1,020.3
22,263
27,999
Martin 1,201.9
1,652.6
612.8
891.3
15,303
19,851
Miami-Dade 15,963.7
22,471.6
8,332.5
12,342.4
162,185
218,569
Monroe 684.3
968.5
377.1
562.9
9,568
12,294
Nassau 774.9
1,041.8
327.7
479.8
5,112
7,677
Okaloosa 1,016.0
1,305.6
533.6
725.7
16,204
19,184
Okeechobee 407.7
545.2
129.9
197.9
3,818
5,369
Orange 11,523.0
18,023.5
6,272.3
10,191.9
125,859
181,474
Osceola 1,237.3
1,674.4
624.8
894.2
16,366
20,780
Palm Beach 9,806.6
13,407.9
5,060.9
7,220.1
117,706
152,201
Pasco 1,564.8
1,827.5
715.9
869.1
21,125
23,730
Pinellas 6,637.9
8,769.1
2,38.5
4,014.8
66,653
81,399
Polk 7,278.5
11,428.0
2,569.0
4,850.8
49,523
87,143
Putnam 957.9
1,299.1
352.4
549.7
4,965
8,197
Santa Rosa 462.4
534.2
225.1
268.7
6,623
7,274
Sarasota 2,243.3
2,707.1
1,217.6
1,501.6
31,037
35,326
Seminole 2,733.6
3,639.4
1,499.6
2,044.3
33,904
42,382
St. Johns 1,042.4
1,289.0
572.3
729.4
13,853
16,295
St. Lucie 1,638.6
2,291.3
775.8
1,191.5
18,105
26,152
Sumter 385.5
467.2
147.4
185.4
3,988
4,893
Suwannee 869.5
1,189.1
221.9
368.7
5,001
7,532
Taylor 558.9
723.9
166.2
250.1
1,990
3,523
Union 56.7
65.9
22.3
27.1
656
757
Volusia 2,145.8
2,616.2
1,139.1
1,423.9
31,703
36,606
Wakulla 106.4
120.2
40.1
48.0
1,275
1,427
Walton 403.1
544.8
192.4
272.7
5,149
6,451
Washington 59.1
69.5
22.5
27.6
899
1,026
Source: IMPLAN data for Florida (MIG, Inc., 2007). Impact estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Values expressed in millions 2007 dollars using GDP implicit price deflator (U.S. Department of Commerce).
Table 4. Economic impacts during 2001-06 by agriculture, natural resources, food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution, and service industries in Florida.
Average Annual Percent Change
Industry Group 2001
2002
2003
2004
2006
2001-06
2004-06
Output Impacts (million dollars)
154,977
154,690
178,431