Other Fruits With Insecticides Known to Have Labels for Use
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Other Fruits With Insecticides Known to Have Labels for Use

   

Other Fruits With Insecticides Known to Have Labels for Use1

Jorge Pena and Freddie Johnson2

Insect Pests of Annona Crops

The production of Annona spp. (sugar apple, atemoya, custard apple) in Florida has escalated from backyard trees to commercial groves. This change has also increased the importance of insect pests attacking these crops. The insects that affect production of Annona in Florida include major pests such as the seed borer Bepratelloides cubensis Ashmead, and secondary pests such as the papaya scale Philephedra tuberculosa Nakahara and Gill. The impact incidental pests such as various lepidopterous (sphinx moths, fruit piercing moths) larvae and some hemipterans (Acanthocela femorata (F.)) have on Annona is unknown.

Annona Seed Borer, Bephratelloides cubensis Ashmead

The adult female ( Figure 1 ) of the seed borer is a reddish or reddish-brown colored wasp, 1/4 to 1/3 inch long. The main distinguishing characteristic of this wasp is the almost complete absense of males. The adults can be observed at rest, emerging from fruits or ovipositing during the hottest times of the day. The female life span ranges between 1 to 11 days; the female oviposits its eggs in developing seeds and the incubation of the eggs last 12 to 14 days, the larval stage lasting 42-55 days. The larva is near white to cream colored, legless and swollen near the center. The pupal stage lasts 12 to 13 days. The emerging female tunnels a distance of 0.6 to 1.1 cm through the pulp, leaving a circular hole in the fruit epidermis.
Figure 1. Annona seed borer adult female.

Dynamics

The annona seed borer populations develop during winter months mostly in bullock's heart (Annona reticulata). Because this fruit is not grown extensively, populations of adult wasps, which emerge from February to late May at the end of the fruiting season, are relatively low. Atemoyas which begin setting fruit in April, become infested ( Figure 2 ) early in the season because they are setting fruits when the majority of seed borers are emerging from bullock's hearts. Emergence and new infestations in atemoyas and sugar apples occur for several weeks, and may not abate until the end of the fruiting season. The wasp prefers fruit sizes in the range of 1/2 to almost 2 inches in diameter.
Figure 2. Damage caused by annona seed borer.

Cultural Control

Bagging the fruits is the best cultural method to prevent infestation by the annona seed borer. Polyethylene bags held up well for the duration of fruit growth. Small fruits should be bagged before they reach the vulnerable size of 2 inches in diameter.

Chemical Control

See Table 1 .

Table 1. Other fruits with insecticides known to have labels for use.

CROP


 INSECTICIDES
Atemoya
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
Bananas


 Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel, Javelin)
ADiatect premix
ethoprop (Mocap)
pyrethrin + rotenone (Pyrellin)
insecticidal oils (Saf-T-Side)
Carambola


 Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel)
methidathion (Spuracide)
pyrethrin + rotenone (Pyrellin)
Figs


 Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel)
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban, 4E)
ADiatect premix
diazinon (D.z.n., AG 500, 50W)
oil (Volck, Sun Spray)
propargite (Omite 30W)
Gooseberries


 Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel)
malathion (Cythion)
Guavas


 Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel)
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
Kumquats (See also the Citrus Spray Guide-materials labelled under the broad category of citrus)


 Bacillus thuringiensis (Biobit, Dipel)
carbaryl (Sevin)
diazinon (D.z.n., AG 500, 50W)
dicofol (Kelthane)
metaldehyde (Slug and Snail Bait)
methidathion (Supracide)
pyrethrin + rotenone (Pyrellin)
soap, insecticidal (M-Pede)
oil (Sun Spray, others)
Lemons (See also Citrus Spray Guide and materials labelled under the broad category of citrus)


 aldicarb (Temik)
azinphosmethyl (Guthion)
Bacillus thuringiensis (Biobit, Dipel)
carbaryl (Sevin)
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)
cryolite (Kryocide)
diazinon (D.z.n., AG 500, 50W)
dicofol (Kelthane)
dimethoate (Cygon)
endosulfan (Thiodan)
fenbutatin-oxide (Vendex)
formetanate hydrochloride (Carzol)
metaldehyde (Slug and Snail Bait)
methidathion (Supracide)
methomyl (Lannate)
mevinphos (Phosdrin)
naled (Dibrom)
oxamyl (Vydate L)
propargite (Omite)
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
oil (Sun Spray)
oxydematon methyl (Meta Systox R)
(Morestan)
soap, insecticidal (M-Pede)
sulfur (Thiolux, others)
Limes (See also Citrus Spray Guide and materials labelled under the broad category of citrus)


 aldicarb (Temik)
azinphosmethyl (guthion)
Bacillus thuringiensis (Biobit, Dipel)
carbaryl (Sevin)
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)
diazinon (D.z.n., AG 500, 50W)
dicofol (Kelthane)
endosulfan (Thiodan)
fenbutatin-oxide (Vendex)
methidathion (Supracide)
metaldehyde (Slug and Snail Bait)
methomyl (Lannate)
oils (Sun Spray, others)
oxamyl (Vydate L)
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
(Morestan)
soap, insecticidal (M-Pede)
sulfur (Thiolux, others)
Longan


 Bacillus thuringiensis
methidathion (Supracide)
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
Lychee
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
Mamey sapote


 Bacillus thuringiensis
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
Nectarines


 azinphosmethyl (Guthion)
Bacillus thuringiensis (Biobit, Dipel, Javelin)
carbaryl (Sevin)
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)
diazinon (D.z.n., AG 500, 50W)
(Morestan)
endosulfan (Thiodan)
esfenvalerate (Asana XL)
fenbutatin-oxide (Vendex)
formatanate hydrochloride (Carzol)
malathion (Cythion, others)
methidathion (Supracide)
methomyl (Lannate)
methyl parathion (Penncap)
oil (Sun Spray, Volck, others)
phosmet (Imidan)
propargite (Omite)
soap, insecticidal (M-Pede)
sulfur (Thiolux, Microthiol, others)
Passionfruit


 Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel)
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
Persimmons


 Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel, Javelin)
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
Pineapple


 Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel)
ADiatect
diazinon (D.z.n., AG 500, 50W)BPyrellin
endosulfan (Thiodan)
ethoprop (Mocap)
fenamiphos (Nemacur)
malathion (Cythion)
oxamyl (Vydate L)
Pomegranates


 Bacillus thuringiensis (Biobit, Dipel, Javelin)
ADiatect
methomyl (Lannate)
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
Sapodilla


 Bacillus thuringiensis
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
Sugar Apple


 malathion (Cythion)
methidathion (Supracide)
pyrethrins + rotenone (Pyrellin)
Note: Pyrellin (pyrethrin + rotenone) is approved for use on many crops including the following: cactus fruit, calamondin, dates, huckleberries, loquat, mulberries, tamarind.
A Diatect - a premix of silicon dioxide (diatomaceous earth) + pyrehthrin + piperonyl butoxide

B Pyrellin - a premix of pyrethrin + rotenone

Footnotes

1. This document is ENY-415, one of a series of the Department of Entomology, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Date first printed: October 1993. Revised: November 2001. Reviewed: 2003. Please visit the EDIS Website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.

2. Jorge Pena, professor, Entomology and Nematology Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, 33031; and Freddie Johnson, professor/district director, Office of District Directors respectively, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611.

The use of trade names in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information. UF/IFAS does not guarantee or warranty the products named, and references to them in this publication does not signify our approval to the exclusion of other products of suitable composition. Use pesticides safely. Read and follow directions on the manufacturer's label.

The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other extension publications, contact your county Cooperative Extension service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M. University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Larry Arrington, Dean.


Copyright Information

This document is copyrighted by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) for the people of the State of Florida. UF/IFAS retains all rights under all conventions, but permits free reproduction by all agents and offices of the Cooperative Extension Service and the people of the State of Florida. Permission is granted to others to use these materials in part or in full for educational purposes, provided that full credit is given to the UF/IFAS, citing the publication, its source, and date of publication.