Restricted Use Pesticides
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Restricted Use Pesticides

   

Restricted Use Pesticides1

Frederick M. Fishel2

Restricted use pesticides (RUP) are for retail sale to, and use by, only certified applicators or persons under their direct supervision and only for those purposes covered by the applicator's certification. When a pesticide is classified as restricted, the label will state "Restricted Use Pesticide" at the top of the front panel. Below this heading may be a statement describing the reason for the restricted classification ( Figure 1 ). There are various reasons which are determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) why a particular pesticide is classified as restricted. These criteria involve the EPAs determination that the pesticide may be hazardous to human health or to the environment even when used according to the label.

a)

b)

c)

Figure 1. Examples of criteria for restricted use classification as seen on labels.

Some states, including Florida, adhere to the EPAs Federal listing for determining those pesticide active ingredients that are classified as "restricted." Other states may require that certain other active ingredients not listed on the Federal list be classified as "restricted" in their states due to local conditions, generally related to environmental concerns. Although some restricted use active ingredients may be federally registered, they may not have a Florida registration.

Reasons for RUP classification that are given in this guide may include terminology such as:

Fetotoxicity - adverse effects on the fetus;

Mutagenicity - causes genetic changes in the organism which may or may not be passed on to its next generation;

Oncogenicity - causes tumors, but not necessarily malignant, and

Teratogenicity - causes birth defects.

The pesticide's label is the last word on use, regardless of its classification as a general use or a restricted use pesticide.

This guide provides a listing of common names of pesticides determined to be classified as restricted use by the EPA and registered for use in Florida (Table 1). With each entry, formulations that are regarded as restricted, their uses and the reason(s), if given, for their restricted classification are is cited. Common names of pesticides that have had their registrations cancelled or those whose restricted status is no longer in effect are shown in Table 2. Be aware that the listing is slightly modified, generally on an annual basis. For updated listings of Federal restricted use pesticides, see: http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/rup/ .

Table 1. Federally-restricted pesticides registered in Florida.

Pesticide common name


Specific formulations


Specific uses


Criteria for RUP


Acetochlor


Emulsifiable concentrate


Field corn, popcorn, forage/feeder corn


Ground and surface water concerns


Acrolein


As sole active ingredient


All uses


Human inhalation hazard, adverse effects on avian and aquatic organisms


Alachlor


All formulations


All uses


Oncogenic potential


Aldicarb


As sole active ingredient and in combination with other actives; all granular formulations


All uses


Accident history


Aluminum phosphide


As sole active ingredient


All uses


Human inhalation hazard


Amitraz


All formulations


Pears


Possible oncogenicity


Amitrole


All formulations


All uses except homeowner


Oncogenic potential


Arsenic acide


All formulations except brush-on


All dessicant uses; all wood preservative uses


Oncogenicity, mutagenicity and repro/fetotoxicity


Arsenic pentoxide


All formulations


Wood preservative uses


Potential oncogenicity, mutagenicity, repro/fetotoxicity


Atrazine


All manufacturing and end use


Agricultural and industrial uses


Ground water contamination potential; worker exposure concerns


Avermectin


Emulsifiable concentrate


Cotton and citrus


Toxic to fish, mammals and aquatic organisms


Avitrol


All formulations


All uses


Hazard to fish and non-target birds


Azinphos-methyl


All liquids with greater than 13.5% concentration; others on a case-by-case basis


All uses


Human inhalation hazard, acute toxicity, hazard to avian, aquatic and mammalian species


Bendiocarb


Granular and wettable powder


Turf


Toxicity to aquatic and avian species


Bifenthrin


Emulsifiable concentrate


Cotton


Toxic to fish and aquatic organisms


Bis(tributyltin)oxide


Solution - ready to use


Antifouling paint


Toxic to aquatic organisms including shellfish


Carbofuran


All formulations except pellets and tablets


All uses


Acute inhalation toxicity; avian toxicity (granular)


Chlorophacinone


Tracking powder, dust and ready to use 0.2% (EPA Reg. Nos. 7173-113 and 7173-172


Inside buildings


Human hazard, potential for food contamination, possible inhalation hazard


Chloropicrin


All formulations greater than 2% and all formulations (rodent control)


All uses (greater than 2% including rodent control)


Acute inhalation toxicity, hazard to non-target organisms


Chlorpyrifos


Emulsifiable concentrate


Agricultural uses


Avian and aquatic toxicity


Chromic acid


All formulations except brush-on


All wood preservative


Oncogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity and fetotoxic effects


Clofentezine


All formulations


All uses


Additional data required to remove the restriction


Coal tar


Solution - ready to use


Wood preservative


Oncogenicity and mutagenicity


Coal tar creosote


All formulations


Wood preservative


Possible oncogenic and mutagenic effects


Coumaphos


Flowable concentrate


Indoor food and indoor nonfood


Acute oral toxicity hazards


Cube resins other than rotenone


Emulsifiable concentrate


Small fruits, currants, certain berries


Chronic eye and inhalation effects


Cyfluthrin


25% Emulsifiable concentrate


Agricultural


Acute toxicity to applicators, fish and other aquatic organisms


Cyhalothrin


Emulsifiable concentrate


Cotton


Environmental data requirements


Cypermethrin


All formulations


All agricultural crops


Oncogenicity, hazard to non-target organisms


Deltamethrin


Emulsifiable concentrate


Cotton


High toxicity to aquatic organisms


Diazinon


Granular, emulsifiable concentrate and wettable powders


Small fruits and certain berries


Avian and aquatic toxicity


Dichlobenil


2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile


Terrestrial


Conditional


Dichloropropene


All formulations (94% liquid concentrate is the only formulation)


All uses


Probable human carcinogen, oncogenic, acutely toxic by oral and inhalation routes


Diclofop methyl


All formulations


All uses


Oncogenicity


Dicrotophos


All liquid formulations 8% and greater


All uses


Acute dermal toxicity, residue effects on avian species


Diflubenzuron


Wettable powders


All uses


Hazard to wildlife


Disulfoton


All ECs 65% and greater, all ECs and concentrate solutions 21% and greater with fensulfothion 43% and greater, all ECs 32% and greater in combination with 32% fensulfothion and greater


All uses, commercial seed treatment (non-aqueous solution 95% and greater).


Acute dermal toxicity, inhalation hazard


Emamectin benzoate


4-epimethlyamino-4-deoxykavermectin BLA and B1b benzoates


Insecticide, miticide


Toxicity to fish


Esfenvalerate


66% emulsible concentrate


Insecticide


Toxicity to fish and aquatic organisms


Ethoprop


Emulsifiable concentrates 40% and greater (aquatic uses); all uses (granular and fertilizer formulations


Aquatic uses (ECs 40% or greater); all uses (granular and fertilizer formulations)


Acute dermal toxicity


Fenamiphos


Emulsifiable concentrates 35% and greater


All uses


Acute dermal toxicity, avian acute oral toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity


Fenbutatin-oxide


Wettable powder


Grapes


Very high toxicity to aquatic organisms


Fenpropathrin


2.4 emulsifiable concentrate spray


Agricultural uses


Environmental concerns: toxic to fish and aquatic organisms


Fenthion


Emulsifiable concentrate


Mosquitocide


Very high acute toxicity to birds, fish and aquatic invertebrates


Fipronil


All formulations


Insecticide/miticide


Conditional amended


Hydrogen cyanamide


50% active ingredient


Desert grown grapes Potato


Corrosive effects to skin and eyes


Lambda-cyhalothrin


All formulations


All uses


Toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates


Magnesium phosphide


All formulations


All uses


Inhalation hazard


Methamidophos


Liquid formulations 40% and greater, dust formulations 2.5% and greater


All uses


Acute dermal toxicity, residue effects on avian species


Methidathion


All formulations


All uses except nursery stock, safflower and sunflower


Residue effects on avian species


Methiocarb


All formulations


Outdoor commercial and agricultural uses


Possible hazard to avian, fish and other aquatic organisms


Methomyl


As sole active ingredient in 1 to 2.5% baits (except 1% fly bait), all concentrate solution formulations and 90% wettable powder formulations (not in water soluble bags)


Nondomestic outdoor and all other registered uses (agricultural crops, ornamentals and turf)


Residue effects on mammalian species, other hazards - accident history


Methyl bromide


All formulations


All uses


Acute toxicity and accident history


Methyl isothiocyanate


Solution - ready to use


Fungicide for wood, wood preservative


Exceeds classification criteria of 40 CFR 152.170


Methyl parathion


All formulations


All uses


Residue effects on mammalian and avian species, hazard to bees, acute dermal toxicity


Niclosamide


All wettable powders 70% and greater


All uses


Acute inhalation toxicity, effects on aquatic organisms


Nicotine


Liquid and dry formulations 14% and greater (greenhouse); all formulations (cranberries)


Greenhouse applications, all applications to cranberries


Acute inhalation toxicity, effects on aquatic organisms


Nitrogen, liquid


Solution - ready to use


Termiticide


Highly corrosive upon contact with skin or eyes


Oxamyl


Liquid formulations, granular on a case-by-case basis


All uses


Acute oral toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity, avian oral toxicity


Oxydemeton methyl


All products


All uses


Reproductive effects


Paraquat


All formulations and concentrations except certain mixtures - see label


All uses


Human toxicological data, other hazards - use and accident history


Pentachlorophenol


All formulations


Wood preservative uses


Possible oncogenic, teratogenic and fetoxic effects


Pentachlorophenol, Sodium S


All formulations


Wood preservative uses


Possible oncogenic, mutagenic and/or fetotoxic effects


Permethrin


All formulations


Agricultural crop uses


Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, oncogenicity


Phorate


Liquid formulations 65% and greater (all uses); all granular formulations (rice)


All uses (65% and greater); granular formulations (rice)


Acute oral and dermal toxicity for granulars, residue effects on avian and mammalian species (foliar application of liquid formulation only), effects on aquatic organisms


Piperonyl butoxide


Emulsifiable concentrate


Small fruits, certain berries, currants


Not specified


Profenofos


Emulsifiable concentrate 59.4%, EPA Reg. Nos. 100-599 and 100-669


Cotton


Corrosive to eyes


Pronamide


All 50% wettable powders


All uses


Oncogenicity


Propanoic acid


Emulsifiable concentrate


Wheat, rice, edible chrysanthemum, cotton, clover, alfalfa, wheat-grass, sideoats grama, little bluestem


Not specified


Pyrethrins


Emulsifiable concentrate


No uses listed


Chronic eye effects


Resmethrin


All formulations


Mosquito abatement and pest control treatments at nonagricultural sites


Acute fish toxicity


Rotenone


2.5/5.0 EC, 5.0% +20.0% wettable powder


Fish toxicant


Chronic eye and inhalation effects


Simazine


Emulsifiable concentrate


Grapes and certain berries


Not specified


Sodium cyanide


All capsules and ball formulations


All uses


Human inhalation hazard, hazard to non-target species


Sodium dichromate


All wood preservative formulations except brush-on


Wood preservative uses


Oncogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity and fetotoxocity


Sodium fluoroacetate


All solutions and dry baits


All uses


Acute oral toxicity, hazard to non-target organisms, use and accident history


Sodium hydroxide


Ready to use solution


Control tree roots in sewage systems


Acute toxicity; eye, inhalation and dermal hazard


Sodium methyldithiocarbamate


32.7% anhydrous


Soil fumigant to control soilborne pests of ornamental, food and fiber crops and for root control in sewage systems


Dermal toxicity and teratogenicity. Acute toxicity of metam sodium and its intended use in controlling sewer root growth


Strychnine


Dry baits, pellets and powder formulations - see specific labels


Formulations greater than 0.5%: all uses. All formulations: all uses calling for burrow builders. Formulations less than 0.5%: all uses except below-ground hand application.


Acute oral toxicity hazard to non-target avian species; use and accident history


Sulfotepp


Sprays and smoke generators


All uses


Inhalation hazard to humans


Sulfuric acid


Solution - ready to use


Potato vine desiccant


Extremely corrosive - acute toxicity to humans


Sulfuryl fluoride


All formulations


All uses


Acute inhalation hazard and possible acute toxicity hazard in humans


Tefluthrin


Granular formulations


Corn grown for seed


Environmental concerns Toxicity to fish and aquatic organisms


Terbufos


Granular formulations 15% and greater


All uses


Residue effects on avian species; acute oral and dermal toxicity and risks to aquatic organisms and other wildlife from runoff


TFM


Impregnated material


Aquatic pest control


Complexity in use- requires specialized training, equipment and clothing


Tralomethrin


All formulations


All agricultural crop uses


Toxicity to aquatic organisms


Tributyltin fluoride


Solution - ready to use


Antifouling paint


Toxicity to aquatic organisms including shellfish


Tributyltin methacrylate


Solution - ready to use


Antifouling paint


Toxicity to aquatic organisms


Triisopropranolamine


Emulsifiable concentrate


All uses


Hazard to non-target organisms, specifically plants both crop and noncrop


Triphenyltin hydroxide


All formulations


All uses


Possible mutagenic effects


Zinc phosphide


All dry formulations 60% and greater; all bait formulations; all dry formulations 10% and greater


All uses - non-domestic outdoor uses (other than 1-2% formulation in/around buildings); domestic uses


Hazard to non-target organisms, acute oral toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity


Tables

Table 2. Pesticides deleted from the restricted use list because of cancellation.

Pesticide common name


Trade name


Pesticide type


Acrylonitrile


Acritet 34-66


Fumigant, insecticide


Allyl alcohol


Weed Seed Killer


Herbicide


Alpha-chlorohydrin


Epibloc


Rodenticide


Brodifacoum


Talon G


Rodenticide


Butylate


Sutazine


Herbicide


Cadmium chloride


Caddy


Fungicide


Calcium cyanide


A-Dust, G-Fumigant


Insecticide


Carbon dioxide


Makr carbon dioxide


Fumigant


Carbon tetrachloride


Dowfume 75, Vulcan Formula 72


Fumigant


Chlordane


Chlordane


Termiticide


Chlordimeform


Galecron, Fundal


Insecticide, miticide


Chlorfenvinphos


Poultry Premise Larvicide


Insecticide


Chlorobenzilate


Acaraben, Benz-o-chlor, Benzilan


Insecticide


Chlorothalonil


Dacobre


Fungicide


Copper oxychloride


Dacobre DG


Fungicide, bactericide


Creosote


BL Coal tar creosote (non-pressure)


Wood preservative


Cupric oxide


Chapman CCA-50


Fungicide


Cyanazine


Bladex


Herbicide


Cycloheximide


Acti-Aid


Fumigant, insecticide


DBCP


Nematocide EM or Solution


Fumigant


Demeton


Systox 2, Systox 6, Demox, Stemite


Insecticide


Diallate


Avadex


Herbicide


Diphacinone


Gold Crest Tracking Powder


Rodenticide


Dodemorph


Milban


Fungicide


E-mevinphos


Duraphos, Phosdrin


Insecticide


Endrin


Endrin


Insecticide


EPN


EPN, Barricade, Powertox, MEPN, Budmor, Raider, Veto, others


Insecticide


Ethylene dibromide


TRI-X Garment Fumigant, Infuco Dibrome


Fumigant


Fensulfothion


Dasanit, BIG-D Granules


Insecticide


Flucythrinate


Pay Off, AASTAR


Insecticide


Fluoroacetamide


Fluoroacetamide/1080


Rodenticide


Fluvalinate


Mavrik, Spur


Insecticide


Fonofos


Dyfonate


Insecticide


Hydrocyanic acid


HCN


Fumigant


Isazofos


Triumph 4E


Insecticide


Isofenphos


Pryfon 6, Amaze 6


Termiticide


Monocrotophos


Azodrin, DPHMC 5, Chiles Go-Better


Insecticide


Phosacetim


Gophacide, Gopher-Trol, others


Rodenticide


Phosalone


Zolone


Insecticide


Phosphamidon


Phosphamidon 8


Insecticide


Potassium pentachlorophenate


Permatox 180 or 182


Wood preservative


Sodium arsenate


Sodium arsenate, Osmosalts


Wood preservative


Sodium pyroarsenate


Wolmans Salts CCA-Type B


Wood preservative


TEPP


Miller Kilmite-40


Insecticide


Tergitrol


Compound PA-14


Bird control


Toxaphene


Toxaphene


Insecticide


Z-mevinphos


Phosdrin, Duraphos


Insecticide



Footnotes

1. This document is PI-36, one of a series of the Pesticide Information Office, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published March 2005. Revised July 2006. Visit the EDIS Web Site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.

2. Frederick M. Fishel, Associate Professor, Agronomy Department, and Director, Pesticide Information Office; Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.


The use of trade names in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information. UF/IFAS does not guarantee or warranty the products named, and references to them in this publication does not signify our approval to the exclusion of other products of suitable composition.


The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other extension publications, contact your county Cooperative Extension service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M. University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Larry Arrington, Dean.



Copyright Information

This document is copyrighted by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) for the people of the State of Florida. UF/IFAS retains all rights under all conventions, but permits free reproduction by all agents and offices of the Cooperative Extension Service and the people of the State of Florida. Permission is granted to others to use these materials in part or in full for educational purposes, provided that full credit is given to the UF/IFAS, citing the publication, its source, and date of publication.