Insecticides Currently Used on Vegetables¹

S. E. Webb and P. A. Stansly²

The following table lists many of the common insecticides currently labeled for use on vegetables in Florida. A number of new materials have been registered in the past few years or have had additional crops added to their labels. Some older organophosphate insecticides are now restricted to just a few crops, a result of recent rulings related to the Food Quality Protection Act. Changes continue, thus this listing may not be totally accurate at the time of printing.

No attempt has been made to list all available formulations. Some are listed under "Signal Word," when different formulations differ in toxicity. Many of the listed insecticides are limited to specific vegetables. Specific crop recommendations and pesticide labels should be consulted for more detailed information.

Insects can become resistant to any insecticide if it is used repeatedly. This also applies to alternating insecticides with similar modes of action, for example following a soil application of Admire with foliar applications of Actara or Assail (all neonicotinoids, MOA 4). To complicate matters, some products, called premixes (e.g., Voliam Flexi) contain two different products, each with a different mode of action. In general, pesticides with the same mode of action should be not be used in more than one pest generation per crop cycle. In practical terms, this means no more than two applications of products with short residual activity and only one per season of products that are long-lasting. To aid in developing a spray program, we have included a column with a code number for the mode of action of each insecticide. A footnote lists the mode of action associated with the code. In addition to alternating insecticides with different modes of action, integrating other non-chemical control measures in a pest management program should help to delay resistance.

In this revision, we have added a column listing the crops for which each pesticide can be legally used. For many of the newer insecticides, crop groups are listed. In the past, insecticides and other pesticides were labeled for individual crops, with pesticide residue tolerances established for each combination. For some of the older pesticides in the table, this is still the case. Establishing tolerances on a smaller number of representative crops is more efficient, however, than conducting residue studies on every possible food crop. Although the concept of crop groups has been used for many years (beginning in 1962), it is only since the Environmental Protection Agency’s 1995 revised crop grouping regulations that the use of crop groups for registering pesticides for minor crops (including most vegetables) became common. Although botanical relationships appear to be the major grouping mechanism, many other factors that may affect pesticide residues are considered, for example, the part of the crop that is edible, pest problems, and production practices. For example, turnip roots and turnip greens are in different groups because of the differences in probable pesticide residues, and the leafy greens group includes plants from a number of different plant families because of the similarity of residue deposition on the edible portion of the crop. The Interregional Project No. 4 (IR-4) has played the major role in developing the crop groups and their definitions, an ongoing process. The information on crops given in Table 1 is expanded by the crop group descriptions given in Table 2, based on information provided by IR-4, http://ir4.rutgers.edu/other/CropGroup.htm.

Tables

Table 1.

Insecticides for Use on Vegetables

Insecticide	General Characteristics	Signal Word	MOA¹	Typical Target Pests	Crops*
*Crop groups are described in Table 2
Carbamates
Lannate (methomyl)²	very short residual	Danger—Poison	1A	caterpillars, leafhoppers	Legume Vegetables, beets, roots and tops (table), broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, Chinese cabbage, collards (fresh market), sweet corn, cucumber, eggplant, endive, escarole, garlic, kale, mustard greens, parsley, Swiss chard, turnip greens, head and leaf lettuce, melons, onions (green and dry), peas (succulent), peppers, potato, spinach, summer squashes, tomato
Larvin (thiodicarb)	larvicide & ovicide	Warning	1A	caterpillars	broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Leafy Vegetables, sweet corn
Sevin (carbaryl)	use can result in aphid and mite outbreaks	Caution—4F, XLR, Bait; Warning—80S	1A	beetles, leafhoppers, caterpillars	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables and turnip greens, sweet corn, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, endive (escarole), lettuce (head and leaf), parsley, spinach, Leafy Petiole Vegetables (such as celery and Swiss chard), Legume Vegetables, okra, Root and Tuber Vegetables, strawberry
*Vydate (oxamyl)²	contact action; systemic if applied to soil by drip irrigation	Danger—Poison	1A	aphids, thrips, some beetles	carrots, celery, cucumber, cantaloupe, watermelon, squash, pumpkin, eggplant, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes
Organophosphates
*Counter (terbufos)²	soil application; insecticide/nematicide	Danger—Poison	1B	soil pests	sweet corn
*Diazinon	soil application	Caution	1B	cutworms, mole crickets, wireworms	Succulent Beans and Peas, table beets, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, carrots, collards, endive (escarole), kale, head and leaf lettuce, melons (cantaloupe, casaba, Crenshaw, honeydew, muskmelon, Persian, watermelon), mustard greens, bulb and green onions, radishes, rutabaga, spinach, strawberry, tomatoes
Dibrom 8E (naled)	some short residual fumigant action	Danger	1B	caterpillars	beans, lima beans, and peas (dry and succulent); broccoli, cabbage (including tight heading varieties of Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kale, collards, cantaloupe and muskmelon (netted varieties), celery, eggplant and peppers, strawberry, summer squash, Swiss chard
Dimethoate 4EC	local systemic	Warning	1B	aphids, leafhoppers	beans (fresh, snap, lima and dry), broccoli and cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, celery, leaf lettuce, kale, turnip greens and roots, mustard greens, Swiss chard, endive, escarole, melons (except watermelon), succulent peas, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes
*Di-Syston 8 (disulfoton)²	systemic action	Danger—Poison	1B	aphids	beans (succulent, including snap and lima), cabbage, including tight-heading varieties of Chinese cabbage
Imidan 70W (phosmet)		Warning	1B	caterpillars, sweetpotato weevil	potatoes, sweet potatoes
Lorsban (chlorpyrifos)	long residual	Caution—15G Warning— 75WG, *Advanced²	1B	caterpillars, soil pests	Varies with formulation. For Lorsban Advanced: Brassica Leafy Vegetables, radish, rutabaga, turnip, Legume Vegetables, sweet corn, onion (dry bulb), strawberry, sweet potato
Malathion	short residual	Warning – 57EC Caution – 8F	1B	broad spectrum	Varies with formulation. For 8 Flowable: Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, beans (succulent and dry), beets (table), celery, cucumbers, squash, eggplant, garlic, leeks, shallots, parsnips, radishes, salsify, Leafy Vegetables, okra, onions (bulb or green), peas, peppers, potatoes, rutabagas, spinach, strawberry, sweet corn, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, watercress
MSR Spray Concentrate (oxydemetonmethyl)²	systemic; contact & stomach action	Danger—Poison	1B	aphids, thrips & other sucking insects	lima beans, broccoli, broccoflower, broccolini, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, Cucurbit Vegetables, head lettuce
Mocap (ethoprop)²	contact action, soil application	Danger—Poison	1B	soil insects	cabbage, potatoes, sweet potatoes, sweet corn (15% G)
Monitor (methamidophos)²	insecticide/nematicide; long residual	Danger—Poison	1B	caterpillars & other pests	tomatoes [24(c) supplemental label], potatoes
Orthene 97 (acephate)	10–15 day residual systemic activity	Caution	1B	aphids, beetles, caterpillars, thrips	beans and lima beans (dry and succulent), celery, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, head lettuce, peppers (bell and non-bell)
Penncap-M (methyl parathion)²	contact & fumigant action; slow-release formulation	Warning	1B	caterpillars, thrips	sweet corn, onions, potatoes
Thimet 20G (phorate)²	Soil insecticide	Danger—Poison	1B	soil pests, thrips	beans, sweet corn, potatoes
Organochlorines
Endosulfan (endosulfan)²	fairly long residual	Danger—Poison	2A	aphids, beetles, caterpillars, whiteflies	peppers, potatoes, pumpkins, sweet corn, tomatoes, winter squash, strawberry
Pyrethroids
Ambush 25W (permethrin)²	rapid knockdown; repellent; broad spectrum	Warning	3A	beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, thrips	broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese broccoli, Chinese cabbage, Cucurbit Vegetables, eggplant, peppers (bell), tomatoes, Leafy Vegetables, dry onions and garlic, potatoes, turnips, sweet corn
Asana XL (esfenvalerate)²	rapid knockdown; repellent; broad spectrum	Warning	3A	beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers	Legume Vegetables, broccoli, Chinese broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Napa cabbage, collards, mustard greens, kohlrabi, carrots, cucumber, melons, squash, pumpkin, eggplant, head lettuce, okra, pepper, potato, radishes, sweet corn, tomato, turnips
Baythroid XL (beta-cyfluthrin)²	rapid knockdown; repellent; broad spectrum	Warning	3A	beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, thrips	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, dried shelled legume vegetables, southern pea, potato and other Tuberous and Corm Vegetables, carrot, radish, sweet corn
Brigade 2EC (bifenthrin)²	rapid knockdown; repellent; broad spectrum	Warning	3A	beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, thrips, whiteflies	Succulent Peas and Beans, Head and Stem Brassica (Cole) Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, head lettuce, spinach, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Petiole Vegetables, Root Vegetables, strawberry
Danitol 2.4 EC (fenpropathrin)²	rapid knockdown; repellent; broad spectrum	Warning	3A	caterpillars, leafhoppers, whiteflies	Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Head and Stem Brassica Vegetables, strawberry, succulent peas
Force (tefluthrin)²	broad spectrum	Caution	3A	soil pests	sweet corn
Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin)²	rapid knockdown, repellent, broad spectrum	Warning	3A	beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, thrips	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Bulb Vegetables, sweet corn, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, okra, Leafy Vegetables, Legume Vegetables, Root and Tuber Vegetables
Pounce (permethrin)²	rapid knockdown; repellent; broad spectrum	Caution— 1.5G Warning—25WP	3A	beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, thrips	Head and Stem Brassica Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, eggplant, Leafy Vegetables, onions (bulb) and garlic, bell peppers, potatoes, sweet corn, tomatoes, turnips
Proaxis (gamma-cyhalothrin)²	rapid knockdown; repellent; broad spectrum	Caution	3A	beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, plant bugs, stink bugs	Head and Stem Brassica Vegetables, sweet corn, Fruiting Vegetables, Legume Vegetables, lettuce (head and leaf), onions (bulb) and garlic
Pyganic 5.0 (Pyrethrins)	contact, stomach, & fumigant action; extract from chrysanthemums	Caution	3A	broad spectrum	Root and Tuber Vegetables, Bulb Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Legume Vegetables (succulent and dried), Fruiting Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, oriental vegetables, okra, strawberry
Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin)²	rapid knockdown; repellent; broad spectrum	Warning	3A	beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, thrips	Head and Stem Brassica Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Legume Vegetables, lettuce (head and leaf), onions (bulb) and garlic, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Neonicotinyls
Actara (thiamethoxam)	Translaminar Translaminar	Caution	4A	aphids, potato leafhopper, some beetles, stinkbugs, whiteflies	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, Root Vegetables, strawberry, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Admire Pro, generics (imidacloprid)	systemic when soil applied or translaminar as a foliar	Caution	4A	aphids, leafhoppers, some beetles, whiteflies	potato, Cucurbit Vegetables, Bulb Vegetables Group, Fruiting Vegetables, okra, Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, Leafy Petiole Vegetables, Legume Vegetables, Root Vegetables, strawberry, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Assail 30SG (acetamiprid)	Translaminar	Caution	4A	aphids, Colorado potato beetle, whiteflies	Leafy Vegetables, Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Edible Podded Legume Vegetables and Succulent and Shelled Peas and Beans, Fruiting Vegetables, Bulb Vegetables Group, strawberry, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Belay (clothianidin)	Systemic as a soil application; long residual	Caution	4A	Colorado potato beetle, aphids, leafhoppers	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, potato
Platinum 75SG (thiamethoxam)	systemic; soil application; long residual	Caution	4A	aphids, potato leafhopper, some beetles, stinkbugs, whiteflies	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, Root Vegetables, strawberry, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Venom Scorpion (dinotefuran)	systemic when applied in soil or translaminar as foliar application	Caution	4A	aphids, Colorado potato beetle, leafhoppers, leafminers, thrips, whiteflies	Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Head and Stem Brassica Vegetables, Leafy Brassica Greens and turnip greens, Leafy Vegetables
Other insect nerve poisons
Agri-Mek SC (abamectin)²	active once ingested; some contact action; mostly stomach poison	Warning	6	leafminers, mites, some beetles, tomato pinworm	celeriac, Fruiting Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, strawberry, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Avaunt (indoxacarb)	ingestion plus contact; slightly to moderately translaminar	Caution	22	caterpillars	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, sweet corn, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, okra, Leafy Vegetables, Leafy Petiole Vegetables, garden beet, southern peas (dry), Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Beleaf 50SG (flonicamid)	contact & ingestion; causes rapid cessation of feeding	Caution	9C	aphids	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables, Root Vegetables
Coragen (chlorantraniliprole)	long residual, especially when applied to soil; systemic	None	28	caterpillars, Colorado potato beetle	Bulb Vegetables, Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, sweet corn, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, okra, Leafy Vegetables, Legume Vegetables except soybean, potato, Root and Tuber Vegetables, Leaves of Root and Tuber Vegetables, strawberry
Fulfill (pymetrozine)	feeding inhibitor	Caution	9B	aphids, whiteflies	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, Tuberous, Root, and Corm Vegetables
Proclaim (emamectin benzoate)²	ingestion & topical; translaminar, not systemic	Caution	6	caterpillars	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables and turnip greens, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables
Radiant (spinetoram)	ingestion & contact; enters leaf but does not translocate	Caution	5	thrips, caterpillars, some beetles and leafminers	Bulb Vegetables, Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, sweet corn, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, okra, Leafy Vegetables, Leaves of Root and Tuber and Legume Vegetables, watercress, Legume Vegetables, potatoes and Tuberous and Corm Vegetables, Root Vegetables, strawberry
SpinTor, Entrust (spinosad)	ingestion & contact; enters leaf but does not translocate	Caution	5	Thrips, caterpillars, some beetles and leafminers	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Bulb Vegetables, sweet corn, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, okra, Leafy Vegetables, Leaves of Root and Tuber Vegetables, Leaves of Legume Vegetables, turnip greens, watercress, Legume Vegetables, Root and Tuber Vegetables, strawberry
Synapse WG, Belt (flubendiamide)	long residual; rapid cessation of feeding	Caution	28	caterpillars	Varies by formulation—see specific label. Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables and turnip greens, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, okra, Leafy Vegetables, Legume Vegetables (except soybean), sweet corn, strawberry
Insect Growth Regulators
Courier 40SC (buprofezin)	disrupts egg hatch and molting; use in rotation with other insecticides	Caution	16	whiteflies	Head and stem Brassica Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, snap beans, strawberry
Dimilin (diflubenzuron)²	slow-acting; disrupts molting process; reduces egg hatch	Caution	15	caterpillars, pepper weevil	2L formulation can be used on Leafy Brassica (Cole) Vegetables, turnip greens, and peppers
Esteem Ant Bait (pyriproxyfen)	bait—breaks reproductive cycle of ants; slow-acting but effective	Caution	7C	ants	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, okra, Legume Vegetables, onions (dry bulb only), Root and Tuber Vegetables, strawberry
Extinguish [(S)-methoprene]	slow-acting bait	Caution	7A	fire ants	all cropland
Intrepid (methoxyfenozide)	stomach poison that prevents molting in Lepidoptera; slow-acting; safe for beneficials	Caution	18	caterpillars	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, cilantro, Leafy Vegetables, Leaves of Root and Tuber Vegetables, turnip greens, sweet corn, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, okra, green onion, Legume Vegetables, Leaves of legume Vegetables, Root Vegetables, strawberry, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables (except potato)
Knack (pyriproxyfen)	disrupts egg hatch and molting	Caution	7C	whiteflies	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Bulb Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Legume Vegetables, okra, Root and Tuber Vegetables
Neemix 4.5, others (azadirachtin)	slow acting; also acts as feeding repellent	Caution—Azatin XL; Warning—Neemix 4.5	un	broad spectrum	labeled for most crops, check specific product labels
Rimon 0.83EC (novaluron)	disrupts cuticle formation at molting, resulting in death of larva; no effect on adult insect	Warning	15	caterpillars	beans (succulent and dry), Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, okra, Head and Stem Brassica Vegetables, potatoes, sweet potatoes, strawberry, sweet corn
Trigard (cyromazine)	most effective against small leafminer larvae	Caution	17	dipterous leafminers, maggots, Colorado potato beetle	dry beans (except cowpeas and soybeans), lima beans, Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables and turnip greens, Bulb Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes
Zeal (etoxazole)	mite growth inhibitor	Caution	10B	spider mites	melons, cucumber, strawberry
Miscellaneous
Acramite (bifenazate)	contact; long residual; ovicidal activity against spider mites	Caution	un	mites	Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, okra, succulent peas and beans, strawberry
Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) var. aizawai (B.t.) var. kurstaki	pest must ingest; slow-acting but feeding stops long before death	Caution	11A	caterpillars	most vegetables, but varies by specific product
Cryolite	pest must ingest; not rainfast; an inorganic fluorine compound	Caution	un	beetles, caterpillars	broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, melons, peppers, squash
Kanemite 15SC (acequinocyl)	knockdown and residual control	Caution	20B	mites	Fruiting Vegetables, okra, edible podded beans, strawberry
M-Pede, Des-X (potassium salts of fatty acids)	contact activity; phytotoxic at high temperatures	Warning		Aphids, whiteflies, and other soft-bodied arthropods	most vegetables
Movento (spirotetramat)	ingestion; fully systemic in plant after foliar application; inhibitor of lipid synthesis; most effective on juvenile stages	Caution	23	aphids, psyllids, whiteflies, mites	Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, legume Vegetables, Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, potato and other Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Mycotrol, BotaniGard (Beauveria)	entomopathogenic fungus; slow-acting	None	—	aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, others	all vegetable crops
Oberon 2SC (spiromesifen)	inhibitor of lipid synthesis; most effective on juvenile stages of mites and on nymphs and pupae of whiteflies and psyllids	Caution	23	mites, psyllids, mites, whiteflies	sweet corn, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, strawberry, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Portal (fenpyroximate)	contact activity; affects energy metabolism	Warning	21A	mites, including broad mites, leafhoppers, whiteflies	Fruiting Vegetables, okra, melons, strawberry
Requiem 25SC (synthetic extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides)	affects insect cuticle, disrupting respiration	Caution	Un	aphids, whiteflies, thrips	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Bulb Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables (except spinach), Legume Vegetables, okra, potato
Saf-T-Side, JMS Stylet Oil, others (mineral oil)	contact activity	Caution	—	aphids, mites, whiteflies	beans, cucumber, eggplant, melon, pepper, squash, radish, tomato, cabbage, cauliflower, celery, other cole crops, lettuce, onion, sweet corn, potato, strawberry, sweet potato. See labels for other related products as crops vary by product.
Sulfur 6 L, others	acts as a miticide and fungicide, can be phytotoxic to some crops at high temperatures	Caution	--	mites	beans, carrots, melons, cucumber, squash, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, kale, mustard greens, rutabaga, eggplant, head and leaf lettuce, okra, onions, garlic, dry shallots, spinach, peas peppers, strawberry, tomatoes, turnips
Vendex (fenbutatin-oxide)²	affects energy metabolism	Danger—Poison	12B	mites	eggplant, strawberry
Premixes (note: premixes or tank mixes reduce potential rotation partners for resistance management. Use only if both products in mix are needed to control damaging pests)
Brigadier (bifenthrin and imidacloprid)²	see Brigade and Admire	Warning	3A +c 4A	broad spectrum	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, cilantro and coriander, eggplant, head lettuce, Legume Vegetables, okra, peppers, potato, spinach, strawberry, tomato, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Cobalt (chlorpyrifos and gamma-cyhalothrin)²	see Lorsban and Proaxis	Danger	1B +3A	broad spectrum	Brussels sprouts, sweet corn
Durivo SC (chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam)	see Platinum and Coragen; applied to soil	Keep out of reach of children	28 + 4A	caterpillars, aphids, potato leafhopper, some beetles, stinkbugs, whiteflies	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables
Endigo ZC (lambda-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam)²	see Warrior and Actara	Warning	3A + 4A	broad spectrum	Head and Stem Brassica Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, head and leaf lettuce, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Leverage 360 (beta-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid)²	see Baythroid XL and Admire	Caution	3A + 4 A	broad spectrum	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, dried shelled peas and beans, carrot, radish, potato, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Vetica (buprofezin and flubendiamide)	see Courier and Synapse WG	Caution	16 + 28	whiteflies and caterpillars	Cucurbit Vegetables, Head and Stem Brassica Leafy Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables and okra, snap beans, strawberry
Voliam Flexi (chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam)	see Coragen and Actara; foliar application	Caution	28 + 4A	caterpillars, aphids, potato leafhopper, some beetles, stinkbugs, whiteflies	Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Vegetables, strawberry, Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Voliam Xpress (chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin)²	see Coragen and Warrior	Warning	28 + 3A	broad spectrum	Head and stem Brassica Vegetables, sweet corn, Cucurbit Vegetables, Fruiting Vegetables, Legume Vegetables, lettuce (head and leaf), Tuberous and Corm Vegetables
Originally adapted from: Welty, Celeste. Insecticides for use on vegetables in Ohio. pp. 46–48, 2002 Ohio Vegetable production Guide, Ohio State University. ¹Mode of Action codes for vegetable pest insecticides from the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) Mode of Action Classification v.7.2 February 2012. http://www.irac-online.org/content/uploads/MoA-classification.pdf [21 March 2013]. 1A. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, Carbamates (nerve action) 1B. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, Organophosphates (nerve action) 2A. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists (nerve action) 3A. Sodium channel modulators—pyrethroids 4A. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists (nerve action) 5. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators—spinosins (nerve action) 6. Chloride channel activators (nerve and muscle action) 7A. Juvenile hormone mimics (growth regulation) 7C. Juvenile hormone mimics (growth regulation) 9B & 9C. Selective homopteran feeding blockers 10B. Mite growth inhibitors (growth regulation) 11A. Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes 12B. Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase (energy metabolism) 15. Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, lepidopteran (growth regulation) 16. Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, homopteran (growth regulation) 17. Molting disruptor, dipteran (growth regulation) 18. Ecdysone receptor agonists (growth regulation) 20B. Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors (energy metabolism) 21A. Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors (energy metabolism) 22. Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers (nerve action) 23. Inhibitors of acetyl Co-A carboxylase (lipid synthesis, growth regulation) 28. Ryanodine receptor modulators (nerve and muscle action) un. Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action ²Restricted-Use Pesticide

Table 2.

Crop groups

1. ROOT AND TUBER VEGETABLES	Arracacha; arrowroot; artichoke, Chinese; artichoke, Jerusalem; beet, garden; beet, sugar; burdock, edible; canna, edible; carrot; cassava, bitter and sweet; celeriac; chayote (root); chervil, turnip-rooted; chicory; chufa; dasheen (taro); ginger; ginseng; horseradish; leren; parsley, turnip-rooted; parsnip; potato; radish; radish, oriental; rutabaga; salsify; salsify, black; salsify, Spanish; skirret; sweet potato; tanier; turmeric; turnip; yam bean; yam, true
1B. Root Vegetables (except sugar beet) subgroup	Beet, garden; burdock, edible; carrot; celeriac; chervil, turnip-rooted; chicory; ginseng; horseradish; parsley, turnip-rooted; parsnip; radish; radish, oriental; rutabaga; salsify; salsify, black; salsify, Spanish; skirret; turnip
1C. Tuberous and Corm Vegetables subgroup	Arracacha; arrowroot; artichoke, Chinese; artichoke, Jerusalem; canna, edible; cassava, bitter and sweet; chayote (root); chufa; dasheen (taro); ginger; leren; potato; sweet potato; tanier; turmeric; yam bean; yam, true
1D. Tuberous and Corm Vegetables (except potato) subgroup	Arracacha; arrowroot; artichoke, Chinese; artichoke, Jerusalem; canna, edible; cassava, bitter and sweet; chayote (root); chufa; dasheen (taro); ginger; leren; sweet potato; tanier; turmeric; yam bean; yam, true
2. LEAVES OF ROOT AND TUBER VEGETABLES (HUMAN FOOD OR ANIMAL FEED)	Beet, garden; beet, sugar; burdock, edible; carrot; cassava, bitter and sweet; celeriac; chervil, turnip-rooted; chicory; dasheen (taro); parsnip; radish; radish, oriental (daikon); rutabaga; salsify, black; sweet potato; tanier; turnip; yam, true
3-07. BULB VEGETABLE GROUP	Chive, fresh leaves; chive, Chinese, fresh leaves; daylily, bulb; elegans hosta; fritillaria, bulb; fritillaria, leaves; garlic, bulb; garlic, great-Headed, bulb; garlic, serpent, bulb; kurrat; lady's leek; leek; leek, wild; lily, bulb; onion, Beltsville bunching; onion, bulb; onion, Chinese, bulb; onion, fresh; onion, green; onion, macrostem; onion, pearl; onion, potato, bulb; onion, tree, tops; onion, Welsh, tops; shallot, bulb; shallot, fresh leaves; cultivars, varieties, and/or hybrids of these
3. BULB VEGETABLES	Garlic; garlic, great-headed; leek; onion, dry bulb and green; onion, Welsh; shallot
4. LEAFY VEGETABLES (EXCEPT BRASSICA VEGETABLES)	Amaranth (Chinese spinach); arugula (roquette); cardoon; celery; celery, Chinese; celtuce; chervil; chrysanthemum, edible-leaved; chrysanthemum, garland; corn salad; cress, garden; cress, upland; dandelion; dock (sorrel); endive (escarole); fennel, Florence; lettuce, head and leaf; orach; parsley; purslane, garden; purslane, winter; radicchio (red chicory); rhubarb; spinach; spinach, New Zealand; spinach, vine; Swiss chard
4A.  Leafy greens subgroup	Amaranth; arugula; chervil; chrysanthemum, edible-leaved; chrysanthemum, garland; corn salad; cress, garden; cress, upland; dandelion; dock; endive; lettuce; orach; parsley; purslane, garden; purslane, winter; radicchio; spinach; spinach, New Zealand; spinach, vine
4B.  Leaf petioles subgroup	Cardoon; celery; celery, Chinese; celtuce; fennel, Florence; rhubarb; Swiss chard
5. BRASSICA (COLE) LEAFY VEGETABLES	Broccoli; broccoli, Chinese (gai lon); broccoli raab (rapini); Brussels sprouts; cabbage; cabbage, Chinese (bok choy); cabbage, Chinese (napa); cabbage, Chinese mustard(gai choy); cauliflower; cavalo broccolo; collards; kale; kohlrabi; mizuna; mustard greens; mustard spinach; rape greens
5A.  Head & Stem Brassica subgroup	Broccoli; broccoli, Chinese; brussels sprouts; cabbage; cabbage, Chinese (napa); cabbage, Chinese mustard; cauliflower; cavalo broccolo; kohlrabi
5B.  Leafy Brassica greens subgroup	Broccoli raab; cabbage, Chinese (bok choy); collards; kale; mizuna; mustard greens; mustard spinach; rape greens
6. LEGUME VEGETABLES (SUCCULENT OR DRIED)	Bean ( Lupinus ) (includes grain lupin, sweet lupin, white lupin, and white sweet lupin); bean ( Phaseolus ) (includes field bean, kidney bean, lima bean, navy bean, pinto bean, runner bean, snap bean, tepary bean, wax bean); bean ( Vigna ) (includes adzuki bean, asparagus bean, blackeyed pea, catjang, Chinese longbean, cowpea, crowder pea, moth bean, mung bean, rice bean, southern pea, urd bean, yardlong bean); broad bean (fava); chickpea (garbanzo); guar; jackbean; lablab bean; lentil; pea ( Pisum ) (includes dwarf pea, edible-podded pea, English pea, field pea, garden pea, green pea, snowpea, sugar snap pea); pigeon pea; soybean; soybean (immature seed); sword bean
6A.  Edible-podded legume Vegetables subgroup	Bean (Phaseolus) (includes runner bean, snap bean, wax bean); bean (Vigna) (includes asparagus bean, Chinese longbean, moth bean, yardlong bean); jackbean; pea (Pisum) (includes dwarf pea, edible-podded pea, snow pea, sugar snap pea); pigeon pea; soybean (immature seed); sword bean
6B.  Succulent shelled pea and bean subgroup	Bean (Phaseolus) (includes lima bean, green; broad bean, succulent); bean (Vigna) (includes blackeyed pea, cowpea, southern pea); pea (Pisum) (includes English pea, garden pea, green pea); pigeon pea
7. FOLIAGE OF LEGUME VEGETABLES	Plant parts of any legume vegetable included in the legume vegetables that will be used as animal feed.
8. FRUITING VEGETABLES (EXCEPT CUCURBITS)	Eggplant; groundcherry (Physalis spp); pepino; pepper (includes bell pepper, chili pepper, cooking pepper, pimento, sweet pepper); tomatillo; tomato
9. CUCURBIT VEGETABLES	Chayote (fruit); Chinese waxgourd (Chinese preserving melon); citron melon; cucumber; gherkin; gourd, edible (includes hyotan, cucuzza, hechima, Chinese okra); Momordica spp (includes balsam apple, balsam pear, bittermelon, Chinese cucumber); muskmelon (includes cantaloupe); pumpkin; squash, summer; squash, winter (includes butternut squash, calabaza, hubbard squash, acorn squash, spaghetti squash); watermelon
Information in this table is used by permission of the IR-4 Project, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, www.ir4.rutgers.edu. More detailed information on crop groups can be found at http://ir4.rutgers.edu/other/CropGroup.htm

Footnotes

This document is ENY-419 (IG018), one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published June 2000. Revised August 2012. Please visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.

S. E. Webb, associate professor/Extension entomologist, Entomology and Nematology Department, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, and P. A. Stansly, professor, Entomology and Nematology Department, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL 34142.

The use of trade names in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information. UF/IFAS does not guarantee or warranty the products named, and references to them in this publication do not signify our approval to the exclusion of other products of suitable composition. All chemicals should be used in accordance with directions on the manufacturer's label. Use pesticides safely. Read and follow directions on the manufacturer's label.

The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other extension publications, contact your county Cooperative Extension service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M. University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, Dean.

Insecticides Currently Used on Vegetables1

Tables

Footnotes

Insecticides Currently Used on Vegetables¹