Outbreaks of Foodborne Diseases Associated with Tomatoes1
Matthew D. Krug, Angela M. Valadez, Travis K. Chapin, Keith R. Schneider, and Michelle D. Danyluk2
Fresh-market tomatoes are a popular commodity in homes and food service around the world. Because fresh-market tomatoes are intended to be consumed raw, there is no “kill-step” to eliminate pathogens in the event that tomatoes become contaminated (Maitland et al. 2011). Public health officials often meet numerous challenges when conducting traceback investigations of produce outbreaks. Fresh produce items have often reached the end of their shelf life by the time they have been linked to an outbreak; obtaining samples from these items is difficult because these items have typically been consumed or discarded (Lynch et al. 2009). It can be difficult for public health officials to determine where the implicated food was produced and prepared. As a consequence, the challenges of recognizing unusual food vehicles, such as specific lots of fresh produce, can delay the foodborne outbreak investigation (Lynch et al. 2009). The number of sporadic (i.e., isolated) illnesses linked to the consumption of contaminated fresh fruits and vegetables is unknown (Heaton and Jones 2008).
This document is intended to serve as a reference for everyone interested in the safety of fresh-market tomatoes by providing a comprehensive list of tomato-related outbreaks in the United States. Three tables are presented below, which include foodborne outbreaks where tomatoes were i) confirmed as the food vehicle (Table 1), ii) part of a complex food vehicle (Table 2), and iii) suspected, but not confirmed, as the food vehicle (Table 3). Of 38 outbreaks linked to fresh tomatoes in the United States since 1990, 4,028 illnesses and four deaths are reported (Table 1). Salmonella sp. was confirmed as the causative agent in 30 of 38 outbreaks linked to fresh tomatoes (Table 1).
Tomatoes.
Credit:
USDA Photo by Scott Bauer
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]
References
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2018. National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS). https://wwwn.cdc.gov/norsdashboard/. Accessed May 13, 2020
Cummings, K., E. Barrett, J. C. Mohle-Boetani, J. T. Brooks, J. Farrar, T. Hunt, A. Fiore, K. Komatsu, S. B. Werner, and L. Slutsker. 2001. “A Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella enterica Serotype Baildon Associated with Domestic Raw Tomatoes.” Emerging Infectious Disease 7 (6): 1046–1048.
US FDA (US Food and Drug Administration). 2009. “Outbreaks Tables Analysis and Evaluation of Preventive Control Measures for the Control and Reduction/Elimination of Microbial Hazards on Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce.” http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/SafePracticesforFoodProcesses/ucm091270.htm. Accessed February 1, 2012.
Heaton, J. C., and K. Jones. 2008. “Microbial Contamination of Fruit and Vegetables and the Behaviour of Enteropathogens in the Phyllosphere: A Review.” Journal of Applied Microbiology 104:613–626.
Hedberg, C. W., F. J. Angulo, K. E. White, C. W. Langkop, W. L. Schell, M. G. Stobierski, A. Schuchat, J. M. Besser, S. Dietrich, L. Helsel, P. M. Griffin, J. W. McFarland, and M. T. Osterholm. 1999. “Outbreaks of Salmonellosis Associated with Eating Uncooked Tomatoes: Implications for Public Health.” Epidemiology and Infection 122:385–393.
Lynch, M. F., R. V. Tauxe, and C.W. Hedberg. 2009. “The Growing Burden of Foodborne Outbreaks Due to Contaminated Fresh Produce: Risks and Opportunities.” Epidemiology and Infection 137:307–315.
Maitland, J. E., R. R. Boyer, J. D. Eifert, and R. C. Williams. 2011. “High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing Reduces Salmonella enterica Serovars in Diced and Whole Tomatoes.” International Journal of Food Microbiology 149:113–117.
SSI (Statens Serum Institute). 2012. “Outbreak of Salmonella Strathcona.” https://en.ssi.dk/news/epi-news/2012/no-4---2012. Accessed February 23, 2012.
Tables
Outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with tomatoes in the United States, 1990–2017.
Year |
Month of Onset |
Location |
Pathogenb |
Location of Consumption |
Cases (Deaths) |
Food Vehicle |
Referencec |
1990 |
NRa |
US (multistate) |
S. Javiana |
Various |
176 (0) |
Round tomato |
Hedberg et al. 1999 |
1993 |
NR |
US (multistate) |
S. Montevideo |
Various |
100 (0) |
Round tomato |
Hedberg et al. 1999 |
1994 |
NR |
Arkansas |
Hepatitis A |
Restaurant |
92 (0) |
Diced tomato |
FDA 2009 |
1998 |
December |
US (multistate) |
S. Baildon |
Restaurant; Nursing home |
86 (3) |
Tomato |
Cummings et al. 2001, CDC 2018 |
2000 |
November |
US (multistate) |
S. Thompson |
Private home |
43 (NR) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2000 |
December |
Ohio |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
31 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2001 |
May |
New York |
Shigella flexneri |
Restaurant |
886 (NR) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
February |
Connecticut |
S. Newport |
Private home |
8 (0) |
Grape tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
June |
Massachusetts |
S. Javiana |
Restaurant |
3 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
June |
Florida |
S. Javiana |
Restaurant |
159 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
July |
US (multistate) |
S. Newport |
Hospital; Restaurant; School |
510 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2003 |
March |
California |
S. Virchow |
NR |
11 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
May |
Ohio |
Campylobacter |
Restaurant |
13 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
June |
US (multistate) |
S. Braenderup |
Private home; Restaurant |
137 (0) |
Roma tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
July |
US (multistate) |
S. Anatum; Javiana; Muenchen; Thompson; Typhimurium |
Restaurant |
429 (0) |
Roma tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
November |
Connecticut |
Norovirus |
Camp |
92 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
March |
Tennessee |
Hepatitis A |
Restaurant |
23 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
July |
US (multistate) |
S. Newport |
Restaurant |
72 (0) |
Beefsteak tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
September |
Colorado |
Norovirus |
Unknown (caterer) |
17 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
November |
US (multistate) |
S. Braenderup |
Restaurant |
84 (0) |
Roma tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2006 |
January |
Pennsylvania |
S. Berta |
Hospital; Nursing home; Restaurant |
16 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2006 |
June |
US (multistate) |
S. Newport |
Restaurant |
115 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2006 |
September |
Maine |
S. Typhimurium |
NR |
8 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2006 |
September |
US (multistate) |
S. Typhimurium |
Private home; Restaurant |
192 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2007 |
June |
US (multistate) |
S. Newport |
Restaurant |
65 (0) |
Beefsteak tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2007 |
July |
Colorado |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
33 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2007 |
July |
New York |
S. Newport |
NR |
10 (1) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2007 |
October |
Minnesota |
S. Typhimurium |
Restaurant |
23 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2009 |
May |
Michigan |
S. Saintpaul |
Restaurant |
21(0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2010 |
May |
US (multistate) |
S. Newport |
Private home; Restaurant |
64 (NR) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2010 |
July |
US (multistate) |
S. Javiana |
Private home; Restaurant |
30 (NR) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2010 |
July |
US (multistate) |
S. Newport |
NR |
24 (NR) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2011 |
April |
US (multistate) |
S. Newport |
Restaurant |
166 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2011 |
July |
New York |
S. Newport |
NR |
10 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2012 |
June |
Pennsylvania |
S. Newport |
Restaurant |
102 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2013 |
March |
US (multistate) |
S. Saintpaul |
NR |
131 (0) |
Cherry tomato, grape tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2013 |
May |
California |
S. Enteritidis |
School/University |
27 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2015 |
May |
US (multistate) |
S. Hartford |
Restaurant |
19 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
a NR—Not reported. b Pathogens abbreviated and associated with outbreaks include S.—Salmonella. c References for each outbreak appear in the following reference list. |
|||||||
Outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with multiple or complex foods including tomatoes in the United States, 1979–2017.
Year |
Month |
Location |
Pathogenb |
Location of Consumption |
Cases (Deaths) |
Food Vehicle |
Referencec |
1979 |
NRa |
Massachusetts |
L. monocytogenes |
Hospital |
20 (5) |
Tomato, lettuce, and celery |
FDA 2009 |
1989 |
NR |
US (multistate) |
G. lamblia |
NR |
21 (0) |
Lettuce, onion, tomato |
FDA 2009 |
1998 |
September |
California |
Shigella sonnei |
Restaurant |
318 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
1999 |
March |
Georgia |
Norovirus |
NR |
54 (0) |
Bread, hot dog, tomato sauce |
CDC 2018 |
1999 |
May |
Wisconsin |
C. perfringens |
School |
35 (0) |
Tomato sauce |
CDC 2018 |
1999 |
September |
Washington |
Norovirus |
NR |
115 (NR) |
Leaf lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2000 |
January |
California |
C. botulinum |
Private home |
2 (NR) |
Squash, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2000 |
October |
Minnesota |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
34 (0) |
Cherry tomato, dips, vegetable dips |
CDC 2018 |
2000 |
October |
California |
Shigella sonnei |
Restaurant |
221 (1) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
January |
Tennessee |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
11 (0) |
Cheese, lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
March |
Texas |
S. Enteritidis |
Restaurant |
700 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
June |
Tennessee |
S. Anatum |
Restaurant |
16 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
July |
North Carolina |
Norovirus |
Unknown (caterer) |
11 (0) |
Cake, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
August |
California |
Norovirus |
Unknown (caterer) |
50 (NR) |
Lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2003 |
June |
California |
S. Saintpaul |
Restaurant |
17 (0) |
Mango, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2003 |
June |
Washington, DC |
Norovirus |
Unknown (caterer) |
47 (NR) |
Pastry, tomato, basil, and mozzarella salad |
CDC 2018 |
2003 |
November |
US (multistate) |
S. Saintpaul |
Restaurant |
33 (NR) |
Chicken, iceberg lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
April |
Oregon |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
19 (0) |
Iceberg lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
May |
Ohio |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
9 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
June |
Illinois |
S. Infantis |
Private home |
60 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
August |
Washington |
E. coli O157:H7 |
Restaurant |
6 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
April |
Virginia |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
38 (NR) |
Burrito, enchilada, lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
April |
Virginia |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
14 (0) |
Chicken salad, coleslaw, potato salad, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
May |
Washington |
E. coli O157:H7 |
Restaurant |
3 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
June |
California |
S. Enteritidis |
Restaurant |
85 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
June |
Wyoming |
S. Enteritidis |
Restaurant |
20 (0) |
Eggs, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
July |
New York |
S. Newport |
Private home;Restaurant |
27 (0) |
Onion, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
August |
California |
S. Enteritidis |
Restaurant |
30 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2006 |
June |
Maryland |
S. Typhimurium |
Private home, Restaurant |
18 (0) |
Lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2006 |
June |
Oregon |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
17 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2006 |
September |
Pennsylvania |
Norovirus |
Private home |
17 (0) |
Tea, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2007 |
May |
Washington |
S. IV 50:z4,z23:- |
Restaurant |
2 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2007 |
May |
Florida |
S. Baildon |
Restaurant |
2 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2007 |
June |
Washington, DC |
S. Newport |
Private home; Restaurant |
46 (NR) |
Avocado, cilantro, guacamole, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2007 |
June |
Maryland |
S. Javiana |
Private home; Restaurant |
5 (0) |
Cheese, chicken, tomato, unspecified fruit |
CDC 2018 |
2007 |
August |
Minnesota |
S. Enteritidis |
Restaurant |
18 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2008 |
January |
New York |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
10 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2008 |
April |
US (multistate) |
S. Saintpaul |
Private home; Restaurant |
1500 (2) |
Jalapeño and serrano peppers; tomato, plum, roma, roundd |
CDC 2018 |
2008 |
April |
Iowa |
S. Braenderup |
Restaurant |
12 (0) |
Green salad, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2008 |
May |
Pennsylvania |
B. cereus, C. perfringens |
Restaurant |
8 (0) |
Chicken fajita, fried rice, refried beans, tomato, tortilla |
CDC 2018 |
2008 |
July |
California |
S. Blockley |
Private home |
9 (0) |
Mole; pasta with tomato sauce |
CDC 2018 |
2008 |
July |
US (multistate) |
S. Hartford |
NR |
22 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2008 |
October |
Illinois |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
64 (0) |
Lettuce-based salads, tomato relish |
CDC 2018 |
2009 |
August |
Kansas |
Pesticides |
Restaurant |
39 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2009 |
December |
California |
Norovirus |
Workplace (not cafeteria) |
14 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2010 |
February |
Illinois |
Shigella sonnei |
Restaurant |
314 (1) |
Bread, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2010 |
June |
Connecticut |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
20 (0) |
Ground beef, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2010 |
August |
Florida |
Shigella sonnei |
Restaurant |
15 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2011 |
March |
Georgia |
S. Saintpaul |
Private home; Restaurant |
14 (0) |
Cucumber, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2012 |
September |
Illinois |
Norovirus |
Unknown (caterer) |
22 (0) |
Onions, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2013 |
May |
Virginia |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
35 (0) |
Tomato mozzarella sandwich, feta salad |
CDC 2018 |
2013 |
July |
Michigan |
S. Enteritidis |
Restaurant |
15 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2014 |
March |
Wisconsin |
Norovirus GI_3B |
Unknown (caterer) |
10 (0) |
Lettuce, tomato, tortilla |
CDC 2018 |
2014 |
April |
Pennsylvania |
B. cereus |
NR |
31 (0) |
Grape tomato, blueberries, pancakes, chicken, carrots, whipped potato, lamb, peppers, coconut rice pudding |
CDC 2018 |
2014 |
April |
Tennessee |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
7 (0) |
Lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2014 |
June |
Arkansas |
Shigella sonnei |
Workplace |
269 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2014 |
November |
Minnesota |
E. coli O111 |
Restaurant |
3 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2015 |
February |
Oregon |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
10 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2015 |
May |
Kansas |
S. Typhimurium |
Restaurant |
10 (0) |
Tomato, ground beef |
CDC 2018 |
2015 |
June |
Michigan |
Norovirus GII_4 Sydney |
Restaurant |
11 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2015 |
August |
US (multistate) |
S. Newport |
Restaurant |
119 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2015 |
November |
California |
Shigella sonnei |
Restaurant |
19 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2015 |
December |
Wisconsin |
Norovirus |
Private home |
16 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2016 |
May |
Colorado |
E. coli O157:H7 |
Restaurant |
9 (0) |
Tomato, cucumber, lettuce |
CDC 2018 |
2017 |
July |
Pennsylvania |
S. Javiana |
Unknown |
24 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2017 |
October |
New York |
Shigella sonnei |
Restaurant |
2 (0) |
Tomato, lettuce |
CDC 2018 |
a NR—Not reported. b Pathogens abbreviated and associated with outbreaks include S.—Salmonella; E.—Escherichia; L.—Listeria; B.—Bacillus; G.—Giardia; and C.—Clostridium. c References for each outbreak appear in the following reference list. d Traceback investigations eventually confirmed the presence of the outbreak strain in jalapeño and serrano peppers but not tomatoes. |
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Outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with tomatoes or multiple foods including tomatoes without a confirmed pathogen, 1998–2017.
Year |
Month |
Location |
Suspected Pathogena |
Location of Consumption |
Cases (Deaths) |
Food Vehicle |
Referenceb |
1998 |
January |
Florida |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
5 (0) |
Tomato sauce |
CDC 2018 |
1998 |
July |
Michigan |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
9 (NR) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
1999 |
May |
Colorado |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
20 (NR) |
Lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
1999 |
July |
New York |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
4 (NR) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
1999 |
July |
Maryland |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
2 (NR) |
Omelet, cheese, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
1999 |
July |
California |
B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus |
NR |
13 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
1999 |
August |
Pennsylvania |
Norovirus |
School |
14 (NR) |
Green pea salad, roast beef, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
1999 |
November |
California |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
28 (0) |
Lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2000 |
January |
Washington |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
3 (0) |
Lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2000 |
March |
Florida |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
6 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2000 |
July |
California |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
16 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2000 |
December |
Washington |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
2 (NR) |
Salsa, tostada |
CDC 2018 |
2001 |
June |
Massachusetts |
Norovirus |
Unknown (caterer) |
20 (0) |
Goat cheese, pastry, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2001 |
June |
Florida |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
3 (NR) |
Sandwich, bacon, lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2001 |
September |
Florida |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
4 (NR) |
White fish, stuffed tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
January |
Florida |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
3 (NR) |
Cherry tomato, iceberg lettuce |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
January |
Indiana |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
22 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
February |
California |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
39 (0) |
Lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
February |
Michigan |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
2 (NR) |
Sandwich, bacon, lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
July |
Florida |
Unknown |
NR |
2 (NR) |
Grape tomato, guacamole |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
August |
Florida |
Chemical/toxin |
Restaurant |
3 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
September |
California |
Campylobacter, Salmonella |
Restaurant |
6 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2002 |
September |
California |
B. cereus |
Restaurant |
8 (NR) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2003 |
September |
California |
B. cereus, C. perfringens |
Restaurant |
5 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2003 |
December |
California |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
15 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2003 |
December |
California |
B. cereus, C. perfringens |
Restaurant |
3 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
March |
Michigan |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
6 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
April |
Colorado |
C. perfringens |
Restaurant |
3 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
August |
California |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
12 (0) |
Sandwich, bacon, lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
September |
Pennsylvania |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
8 (0) |
Romaine lettuce, tomato, vidalia onion |
CDC 2018 |
2004 |
October |
Texas |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
11 (NR) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
May |
Utah |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
29 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
July |
New York |
Unknown |
Unknown (caterer) |
31 (0) |
Green salad, tomato salad, tuna salad |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
September |
Florida |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
4 (NR) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
October |
Florida |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
2 (NR) |
Iceberg lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2005 |
October |
Pennsylvania |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
19 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2006 |
February |
California |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
11 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2006 |
December |
California |
Norovirus |
NR |
125 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2007 |
December |
New York |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
20 (0) |
Tomato, basil and mozzarella salad |
CDC 2018 |
2008 |
June |
Deleware |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
17 (0) |
Green salad, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2008 |
September |
California |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
9 (0) |
Tomato salad |
CDC 2018 |
2008 |
October |
Colorado |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
5 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2009 |
January |
Massachusetts |
Unknown |
Banquet facility |
32 (0) |
Salads, tomato, vegetables |
CDC 2018 |
2009 |
March |
California |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
9 (0) |
Salads, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2009 |
May |
New York |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
18 (0) |
Bruschetta, roasted red peppers, prosciutto with melon, tomatoes with mozzarella, fried zucchini, marinated zucchini |
CDC 2018 |
2009 |
September |
Washington |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
4 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2010 |
January |
Pennsylvania |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
15 (0) |
Lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2011 |
August |
New Jersey |
Unknown |
NR |
8 (0) |
Lettuce, onions, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2011 |
October |
Michigan |
Unknown |
Banquet facility |
33 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2012 |
March |
Pennsylvania |
Unknown |
Unknown (caterer) |
55 (0) |
Tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2012 |
November |
California |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
9 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2013 |
June |
Michigan |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
7 (0) |
Lettuce, tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2013 |
October |
California |
Norovirus |
Restaurant |
4 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
2014 |
February |
California |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
13 (0) |
Cherry tomato |
CDC 2018 |
2015 |
April |
Florida |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
2 (0) |
Tomato, basil and mozzarella salad |
CDC 2018 |
2015 |
May |
Washington |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
8 (0) |
Lettuce, tomato, tortilla |
CDC 2018 |
2017 |
July |
Colorado |
Unknown |
Restaurant |
5 (0) |
Salsa |
CDC 2018 |
a Pathogens abbreviated and associated with outbreaks include S.—Salmonella, B.—Bacillus, and C.—Clostridium. b References for each outbreak appear in the following reference list. |
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Footnotes
This document is FSHN12-08, one of a series of the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date April 2012. Revised June 2020. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the currently supported version of this publication.
Matthew D. Krug, state specialized agent, food science, UF/IFAS Southwest Florida Research and Education Center; Angela M. Valadez, graduate research assistant; Travis K. Chapin, state specialized agent, food science, UF/IFAS Citrus REC; Keith R. Schneider, professor, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department; and Michelle D. Danyluk, professor, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, UF/IFAS Citrus REC; UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.
This review was supported by the Center for Produce Safety.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other UF/IFAS Extension publications, contact your county's UF/IFAS Extension office.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension.
