Insect Management for Legumes (Beans, Peas)1
S. E. Webb2
Many different insects attack leguminous vegetables. Aphids damage terminals, whiteflies feed on sap and transmit bean golden mosaic virus, and caterpillars, like bean leafroller, and beetles feed on leaves. Flower thrips feed in blossoms and stink bugs, corn earworm, and leaffooted bugs damage seeds and pods.
Snap beans are becoming an important crop for Florida. Southern peas (a bean) are common in north Florida. Many other types of beans are grown on a small scale. Increasingly, newer pesticides are being registered for the entire crop group, including legumes such as pigeon pea, yardlong bean, swordbean, and crowder pea. Labels for individual insecticides should be consulted to see if they are labeled for all types of beans.
According to already published guidelines for snap beans (Pernezney et al., 2003) management practices should include scouting twice a week for insect pests in at least one location for every 2.5 acres. More sites should be chosen in small fields (less than 20 acres). A map of the field should be drawn so that pest counts can be connected to a particular section of the field for future reference.
A sample is a 3 section of row. Whiteflies can be estimated by turning over several leaves in the section and counting the number of adults. Terminals should be examined for the presence of aphids. For other pests, a three-by-three-foot cloth is placed on the ground and the bean plants shaken over it. Insects that fall on the cloth can be identified and counted. The growth stage of the plant and an estimate of defoliation should be recorded. Snap beans can tolerate up to 20% defoliation before pod set and 10% after pod set.
A systemic insecticide (a neonicotinoid) should be applied at planting to control aphids and whiteflies. Later in the season, when the effects of the systemic wear off, an insect growth regulator for whiteflies may be applied. Because it is the pod that is sold, damage to this part of the plant is the most serious. An insecticide appropriate for the pests present should be applied at pinpod. At least one more application may be needed before harvest.
For the organic grower, a number of OMRI-listed insecticides have been listed in the table (see the Notes column).
Cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch.
Credit: John L. Capinera, University of Florida
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]
Potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae.
Credit: John L. Capinera, University of Florida
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]
American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)
Credit: John L. Capinera, University of Florida
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]
Granulate cutworm larva, Feltia subterranea (F.).
Credit: USDA
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]
Southern armyworm larva, Spodoptera eridania (Cramer)
Credit: John L. Capinera, University of Florida
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]
Cabbage looper larva.
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]
Corn earworm adult, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie).
Credit: John L. Capinera, University of Florida
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]
Corn earworm larva, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie).
Credit: USDA
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]
Banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata Leconte.
Credit: John L. Capinera, University of Florida
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]
Spotted cucumber beetle, D. undecimpunctata howardi Barber.
Credit: John L. Capinera, University of Florida
[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]
References
Pernezny, Ken, Gregg Nuessly, and William Stall. 2003. Integrated pest management for Florida snap beans. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. PPP37. 8 p. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PP117.
Tables
Selected insecticides approved for use on insects attacking beans and peas.
Trade Name (Common Name)
|
Rate (product/acre) |
REI (hours) |
Days to Harvest
|
Insects
|
MOA Code1 |
Notes
|
Acramite-50 WS (bifenazate) |
1.0-1.5 lb |
12 |
3 |
Twospotted mite, southern red mite |
un |
Succulent beans and peas and succulent shelled soybeans. |
Admire Pro (imidacloprid) |
7-10.5 fl oz |
12 |
21 |
aphids, leafhoppers, thrips, whiteflies |
4A |
Do not apply more than 10.5 fl oz per acre per season. |
Agree WG (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai) |
0.5-2.0 lb |
4 |
0 |
lepidopteran larvae (caterpillar pests) |
11 |
Apply when larvae are small for best control. OMRI-listed2. |
*Asana XL (esfenvalerate)
|
2.9-9.6 fl oz |
12
|
3 - snap 21 - dry
|
beet armyworm (aids in control), cabbage looper, corn earworm, corn rootworm (adults), cowpea curculio, cucumber beetles, cutworms, European corn borer, flea beetles, grasshoppers, green cloverworm, leafhoppers, Mexican bean beetle, painted lady butterfly (larvae), pea aphid, saltmarsh caterpillar, velvetbean caterpillar |
3 |
Do not feed or graze livestock on treated vines. Do not apply more than 0.2 lb ai/acre per season (4 applications at highest rate). |
Assail 30SC Assail 70WP (acetamiprid) |
2.5-5.3 oz 1.0-2.3 oz |
12 |
7 |
aphids, bean leaf beetle, cucumber beetles, leafhoppers, Mexican bean beetles, thrips, whitefly |
4A |
Edible podded legumes and succulent shelled peas and beans. Limited to 3 applications per season. |
Avaunt (indoxacarb) |
3.5 oz |
12 |
7 |
corn earworm |
22 |
Southern pea (dry) varieties only. |
Aza-Direct (azadirachtin) |
1-2 pts (max 3.5 pts) |
4 |
0 |
aphids, beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, leafminers, mites, stink bugs, thrips, weevils, whiteflies |
un |
Anti-feedant, repellent, insect growth regulator. OMRI-listed2. |
Azatin XL (azadirachtin) |
5-21 fl oz |
4 |
0 |
aphids, beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, leafminers, mites, stink bugs, thrips, weevils, whiteflies |
un |
Anti-feedant, repellent, insect growth regulator. |
*Baythroid XL (beta-cyfluthrin) |
0.8-3.2 fl oz – dry beans & peas 0.8-2.1 fl oz – southern pea |
12 |
7 – dry beans & peas 3 – southern pea |
beet armyworm (1st & 2nd instar), corn earworm, cowpea curculio, cutworms, fall armyworm (1st & 2nd instar), grasshoppers, plant bugs, potato leafhopper, southern armyworm (1st & 2nd instar), stinkbugs, yellowstriped armyworm |
3 |
Maximum amount for dry beans & peas = 6.4 fl oz. Maximum for southern peas = 10.5 fl oz. Not for use on succulent beans or peas. Do not feed treated vines or hay to livestock. |
Biobit HP (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) |
0.5-2.0 lb |
4
|
0
|
caterpillars (will not control large armyworms) |
11 |
Treat when larvae are young. Good coverage is essential. Can be used in the greenhouse. OMRI-listed2. |
BotaniGard 22 WP, ES (Beauveria bassiana) |
WP: 0.5-2 lb/100 gal ES: 0.5-2 qts/100 gal |
4 |
0 |
aphids, thrips, whiteflies |
-- |
May be used in greenhouses. Contact dealer for recommendations if an adjuvant must be used. Not compatible in tank mix with fungicides. |
*Brigade 2 EC (bifenthrin)
|
1.6-6.4 fl oz |
12
|
3 – succulent 14 – dry
|
aphids, armyworms, bean leaf beetle, cloverworm, corn earworm, corn rootworm adults, cucumber beetles, cutworms, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, loopers, Lygus spp., mites, pea leaf weevil, pea weevil, plant bugs, sap beetles, stink bugs, thrips, webworms, whiteflies |
3 |
Do not apply more than 12.8 ounces of product per acre per season to succulent beans, peas and dry peas. Maximum of 19.2 oz for dry beans per acre per season.
|
Coragen (rynaxypyr) |
3.5-5.0 fl oz |
4 |
1 |
corn earworm, beet armyworm, fall armyworm |
28 |
Foliar application only. No more than 4 applications or 15.4 fl oz per acre per crop. Not for soybeans. |
Courier 40SC (buprofezin) |
9.0-13.6 fl oz. |
12 |
14 |
leafhopper nymphs, planthopper nymphs, whitefly nymphs |
16 |
For snap beans only. Allow 14 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.76 lb ai/acre per crop (2 applications at high rate). |
Crymax WDG (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) |
0.5-2 lb |
4 |
0 |
caterpillars |
11 |
Use high rate for armyworms. Treat when larvae are young. |
Deliver (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) |
0.25-1.5 lb |
4 |
0 |
caterpillars |
11 |
Use higher rates for armyworms. OMRI-listed2. |
*Diazinon 50W *Diazinon AG500 (diazinon) |
4-8 lb 2-4 qt |
72 |
preplant |
cutworms, wireworms |
1B |
Succulent beans and peas only. One application. |
*Dibrom 8E (naled) |
1-1.5 pt |
48 |
1 |
aphids, leafhoppers, loopers, Lygus bugs, spider mites |
1B |
Ground application only, not for cowpeas and field peas for livestock feeding. |
Dimethoate 4EC (dimethoate)
|
0.5-1 pt | 48
|
0
|
aphids, bean leaf beetle, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, leafminers, Lygus bug, Mexican bean beetle, mites |
1B |
Do not feed treated vines. Highly toxic to bees.
|
DiPel DF (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) |
0.5-2 lb |
4 |
0 |
caterpillars |
11 |
Treat when larvae are young. Good coverage is essential. OMRI-listed2. |
*Di-Syston 8 (disulfoton) |
1.0 pt or 0.9 fl oz/1000 ft |
48 |
60 |
aphids, leafhoppers, Mexican bean beetle larvae, mites, thrips |
1B |
See label for important application details. Do not feed treated vines or hay. Not for use on dry beans, peas, or lentils. |
Entrust (spinosad) |
1-2 oz |
4 |
3 28 - dry |
armyworms, corn earworm, leafminers, loopers, thrips |
5 |
Succulent - Do not apply more than 9 oz/acre per crop. Dry - Do not apply more than 3.75 oz/acre per crop. OMRI-listed2. |
Esteem Ant Bait (pyriproxyfen) |
1.5-2.0 lb |
12 |
1 |
red imported fire ant |
7C |
|
Extinguish ((S)-methoprene) |
1-1.5 lb |
4
|
0
|
fire ants
|
7A |
Slow-acting IGR (insect growth regulator). Best applied early spring and fall where crop will be grown. Colonies will be reduced after three weeks and eliminated after 8 to 10 weeks. May be applied by ground equipment or aerially. |
Intrepid 2F (methoxyfenozide) |
4-16 fl oz |
4 |
7 |
armyworms, corn earworm (suppression), loopers |
18 |
Do not apply more than 64 fl oz per acre per season or make more than 4 applications per season. Succulent beans & peas, black-eyed & southern peas. |
Javelin WG (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) |
0.12-1.50 lbs |
4 |
0 |
most caterpillars, but not Spodoptera species (armyworms). |
11 |
Treat when larvae are young. Thorough coverage is essential. OMRI-listed2. |
Knack IGR (pyriproxyfen)
|
8-10 fl oz |
12
|
7
|
silverleaf whitefly, sweet potato whitefly | 7C |
Supplemental label. Do not make more than 2 applications per season. Not for soybeans. |
*Lannate LV, *SP (methomyl) |
LV: 0.75-3 pts SP: 0.25-1.0 lb |
48
|
See label: varies with rate and crop use
|
aphids, beet armyworm, corn earworm, cucumber beetles, European corn borer, fall armyworms, leafhoppers, loopers, Lygus bugs, Mexican bean beetle, saltmarsh caterpillar, thrips, variegated cutworm, yellowstriped armyworm |
1A |
Do not make more than 10 applications per crop.
|
Malathion 8F (malathion)
|
1.5 pt |
12
|
1
|
aphids, cucumber beetles, mites, Mexican bean beetle, potato leafhopper |
1B |
Field & greenhouse. Do not graze or feed forage to livestock. |
*Mocap EC (ethoprop) |
See label for rates |
48
|
at planting
|
symphylans
|
1B |
Snap and lima beans. Do not allow granules to contact seed. 24 (c) label—FL-080006. |
M-Pede 49% EC Soap, insecticidal |
1-2% V/V |
12
|
0
|
aphids, leafhoppers, mites, plant bugs, thrips, whiteflies |
-- |
OMRI-listed2.
|
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
1.4-4.3 oz |
12 |
1 - succulent 21 - dried shelled peas or beans |
bean leaf beetle, corn earworm, cowpea curculio, cutworms, fall armyworm, flea beetles, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, lesser cornstalk borer (aids in control), Mexican bean beetle, plant bugs, potato leafhopper, saltmarsh caterpillar, southern armyworm, stink bugs, thrips (aids in control), true armyworm, velvetbean caterpillar, whiteflies (aids in control), yellowstriped armyworm |
3 |
Do not make applications less than 5 days apart. Not for soybeans. Do not apply more than 0.3 lb ai/acre per season. |
Neemix 4.5 (azadirachtin)
|
4-16 fl oz |
12
|
0
|
aphids, armyworms, bean leaf beetle, cabbage looper, corn earworm, cutworms, garden webworm, leafminers, loopers, soybean looper, webworms, whiteflies |
un |
Acts as IGR and feeding repellent. Does not kill adult insects. OMRI-listed2.
|
Orthene 75 S Orthene 97 (acephate)
|
0.33-1.33 lb 0.25-1.0 lb |
24
|
14 - snap beans or dry beans 0 - lima beans, succulent form
|
aphids (excluding black bean aphid), armyworms (excluding beet armyworm), bean leaf beetle, bean leafroller, cabbage looper, corn earworm, cutworms, European corn borer, fleahoppers, grasshoppers, green cloverworm, leafhoppers, Mexican bean beetle, plant bugs (Lygus), soybean looper, thrips, whiteflies (except silverleaf or sweetpotato whiteflies) |
1B |
Do not apply more than 2 lb active ingredient per acre per season.
|
*Proaxis Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
1.92-3.84 fl oz |
24 |
7 – edible podded and succulent shelled, 21 – dry beans and peas. |
Aphids(1), armyworms(2), bean leaf beetle, blister beetles, corn earworm, cucumber beetles, cowpea curculio(3), cutworms, flea beetles, grasshoppers, green cloverworm, leafhoppers, leaftiers, lesser cornstalk borer(1), loopers, meadow spittlebug, Mexican bean beetle, painted lady butterfly (larvae), plant bugs, saltmarsh caterpillar, spider mites(1), stink bugs, thrips(1), tobacco budworm, velvetleaf caterpillar, webworms, whiteflies(1) |
3 |
(1) Suppression only (2) First and second instars only. (3) For control before larvae bore into the plant stalk or pods. Do not apply more than 1.92 pints per acre per season. Do not graze livestock in treated areas or harvest vines for forage or hay. |
Provado 1.6 F (imidacloprid) |
3.5 oz |
12 |
7 |
aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies |
4A |
Not recommended following a soil application of Admire. Not for dry soybeans. |
Pyganic 5.0 (pyrethrins) |
4.5-18 oz |
12 |
0 |
insects |
3 |
Treat when insects first appear. |
Pyrellin EC (pyrethrins + rotenone) |
1-2 pt |
12
|
12 hours
|
aphids, bean leaf beetle, cucumber beetles, European corn borer, flea beetles, fleahoppers, leafhoppers, leafminers, loopers, Lygus bugs, mites, plant bugs, stink bugs, thrips, whiteflies |
3, 21 |
|
Radiant SC (spinetoram) |
3-8 fl oz |
4 |
3 – succulent 28 – dry |
armyworms, corn earworm, loopers, Liriomyza leafminers, thrips |
5 |
Do not apply more than 28 fl oz per acre per crop for succulent or 12 fl oz for dry. |
Requiem 25EC (Chenopodium ambrosioides) |
2.0-4.0 qt |
4 |
0 |
leafminers, thrips (western flower thrips and melon thrips), whiteflies |
-- |
Supplemental label. Start applications when pest populations are still low. |
Sevin 80S, 4 F (carbaryl)
|
80S: 0.63-1.88 lb 4F: 0.5-1.5 qt |
12
|
14 days for grazing or harvest for forage, or within 3 days of harvest of fresh beans or peas, or within 21 days of harvest of dried beans or peas, seed or hay. |
armyworms, bean leaf beetle, blister beetles, corn earworm, cowpea curculio (suppression), cucumber beetles, cutworms, fall armyworm, flea beetles, garden webworm, green cloverworm, leafhoppers, Mexican bean beetle, plant bugs, saltmarsh caterpillar, stink bugs, tarnished plant bug, three-cornered alfalfa hopper, thrips, velvetbean caterpillar, webworms, yellowstriped armyworm |
1A |
Repeat, as needed, up to 4 times. Applications should be at least 7 days apart.
|
SpinTor 2 SC (spinosad)
|
3-6 fl oz |
4
|
3 – succulent 28 – dry |
armyworms, corn earworm, European corn borer (eggs and larvae), leafminers, loopers, thrips |
5 |
Do not apply more than 29 fl oz/acre per season for succulent beans and peas and no more than 12 fl oz for dry beans and peas. |
Sun Spray 98.8%, JMS Stylet-Oil, Saf-T-Side, others (oil, insecticidal) |
3-6 qts/100 gal (JMS) 1-2 gal/100 gal (others) |
4
|
0
|
aphids, leafhoppers, leafminers, mites, thrips, whiteflies |
-- |
Organic Stylet -Oil and Saf-T-Side are OMRI-listed2.
|
*Temik 15G (aldicarb)
|
5.0-14 lb |
48
|
at planting, 90
|
aphids, leafhoppers, leafminers, Mexican bean beetle, mites
|
1A |
Dry beans only. One application. Do not feed green forage hay, or straw to livestock. Do not use green pods as food for humans. |
*Thimet 20 G (phorate) |
No more than 7.6 lb |
48 |
60 |
aphids, leafhoppers, Lygus bugs, Mexican bean beetles, mites, seedcorn maggots, thrips |
1B |
At planting only. Avoid direct contact with seed. |
*Thionex 3 EC (endosulfan) |
0.67-1.33 qt |
48 |
3 |
bean leaf skeletonizer, black bean aphid, cucumber beetles, flea beetles, leafhoppers, Mexican bean beetle, stink bugs, whiteflies |
2 |
Dry beans only. Do not make more than 2 applications per year. |
Trigard (cyromazine) |
2.66 oz |
12 |
7 |
leafminers |
17 |
Dry beans (including southern pea), except cowpea and soybeans, also succulent lima beans. Limited to 6 applications. |
Trilogy (extract of neem oil) |
0.5-2% V/V |
4 |
0 |
aphids, mites, suppression of thrips and whiteflies |
un |
Apply morning or evening to reduce potential for leaf burn. Toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment. OMRI-listed2. |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96-1.92 |
24 |
7 - edible podded and succulent shelled 21 - dried, shelled |
aphids, bean leaf beetle, beet armyworm(2), corn earworm, cutworms, cucumber beetle adults, green clover worm, fall armyworm (1st & 2nd instar), flea beetles, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, leafminers, lesser cornstalk borer(2), loopers, Mexican bean beetle, plant bugs, spider mites(2), stink bugs, thrips(1), whiteflies(2), yellowstriped armyworm (1st & 2nd instar) |
3 |
(1) Does not include western flower thrips. (2) Suppression only. |
Xentari DF (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai) |
0.5-2.0 lb |
4 |
0 |
caterpillars |
11 |
Treat when larvae are young. Thorough coverage is essential. May be used in the greenhouse. Can be used in organic production. |
The pesticide information presented in this table was current with federal and state regulations at the time of revision. The user is responsible for determining the intended use is consistent with the label of the product being used. Use pesticides safely. Read and follow label instructions.
|
||||||
1Mode of Action codes for vegetable pest insecticides from the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) Mode of Action Classification v. 6.1 August 2008. 1A. Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors, Carbamates (nerve action) 1B. Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors, Organophosphates (nerve action) 2A. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists (nerve action) 3. Sodium channel modulators (nerve action) 4A. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists (nerve action) 5. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators (nerve action) 6. Chloride channel activators (nerve and muscle action) 7A. Juvenile hormone mimics (growth regulation) 7C. Juvenile hormone mimics (growth regulation) 9B and 9C. Selective homopteran feeding blockers 10. Mite growth inhibitors (growth regulation) 11. Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes 12B. Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase (energy metabolism) 15. Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, lepidopteran (growth regulation) 16. Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, homopteran (growth regulation) 17. Molting disruptor, dipteran (growth regulation) 18. Ecdysone receptor agonists (growth regulation) 22. Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers (nerve action) 23. Inhibitors of acetyl Co-A carboxylase (lipid synthesis, growth regulation) 28. Ryanodine receptor modulators (nerve and muscle action) un. Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action 2 OMRI-listed: Listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute for use in organic production. |
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* Restricted Use Pesticide |
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Footnotes
This document is ENY-465 (IG151), one of a series of the Entomology & Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: July 2002. Revised: March 2010. For more publications related to horticulture/agriculture, please visit the EDIS Website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/.
S. E. Webb, associate professor, Entomology and Nematology Department, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611-0640.
The use of trade names in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information. UF/IFAS does not guarantee or warranty the products named, and references to them in this publication does not signify our approval to the exclusion of other products of suitable composition. All chemicals should be used in accordance with directions on the manufacturer's label. Use pesticides safely. Read and follow directions on the manufacturer's label.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal
Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational
information and other services only to individuals and institutions
that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed,
color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital
status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations.
For more information on obtaining other extension publications,
contact your county Cooperative Extension service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service,
University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M. University Cooperative
Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place,
Dean.
