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Edible Landscaping 1
Eva C. Worden and Sydney Park Brown2
Introduction
Edible landscaping, simply put, replaces plants that are strictly ornamental with plants that produce food. Edible landscaping will allow you to create a multi-functional landscape that provides returns (fruits, vegetables, etc.) on your investment of water, fertilizer, and time. An edible landscape can be just as attractive as a traditional one; in fact, the colorful fruits and foliage of many edibles are quite beautiful. Here are some additional benefits:
- Improved Taste and Nutrition of Food: Nutrient content and flavor in most plants is highest immediately after harvest. The edible landscape provides fresh foods which can be eaten minutes, rather than days or weeks, after harvest. In addition, many exceptional and flavorful varieties not found at food markets are available to growers of edible landscapes.
- Increased Food Security: An edible landscape reduces your dependence on foreign food sources which have unknown production systems.
- Reduced Food Costs: Certain edibles are highly productive and are more economical to grow at home than to purchase.
- Convenience: Having fruits and vegetables right outside your home may help you add fresher, healthier foods to your diet and makes meal preparation easier.
- Fun and Exercise: Growing your own crops can be rewarding and fun; the exercise you get in the process can help you stay fit.
- Sustainability: Consuming locally grown produce can be an important part of reducing energy inputs and protecting our environment.
Designing and Managing the Edible Landscape
Design
Most food-producing plants need sunny locations and well-drained soils. Certain fruit trees easily integrate into a landscape and function in multiple ways - as shade and/or flowering trees as well as edibles. Smaller fruiting plants can substitute as shrubbery and some perennial herbs make nice ground covers. Both can be inter-planted with existing ornamental shrubs and ground covers. However, edibles, like vegetables or seasonal herbs that are planted and harvested frequently, should probably be planted in a garden solely devoted to their production. This allows you to amend and cultivate the soil without disturbing the permanent plantings.Inputs
Edible plants, like ornamental plants, require maintenance. Reduce maintenance requirements by planting the "right plant in the right place." In other words, be sure to match a plant's growing requirements with your yard's conditions. When growing vegetables, consider the season as well, since they only grow at specific times of the year. All plants require some pruning, fertilizer, and water, as well as monitoring for pest problems. Take special care to select pesticides and fertilizers that are appropriate and safe on plants to be consumed. Your county's Extension office can provide recommendations on pest management: http://solutionsforyourlife.ufl.edu/map/.Harvesting
Harvesting the "fruits of your labor" is rewarding, but sometimes challenging. Keeping up with ripening fruits and vegetables may require weekly, or even daily, monitoring during the harvest period. If they are not harvested, fruits dropping from trees may be hazardous and/or aesthetically unsightly. Rotting fruits will also attract vermin. Highly perishable crops will require either quick processing, such as canning, freezing, or drying, or friends and neighbors to accept the abundance.Edible Can Be Environmentally Friendly
The Florida Extension Service has developed a program for "Florida-friendly" environmental landscape management known as "Florida Yards and Neighborhoods" (FY&N). Edible landscapes are sustainable landscape systems consistent with the philosophy of FY&N program. Information on this program can be obtained through county cooperative extension offices, and on the Internet at http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/fyn/index.htm.
The Edible Plant Palette
Edible landscapes can include fruits, vegetables, herbs, and even contain flowers. In Florida, the edible plant palette is vast. Detailed information on selecting, growing, and preserving food can be found in the numerous Extension publications available free from county Extension offices (http://solutionsforyourlife.ufl.edu/map/) or the Internet: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. A few are listed below along with some reference books specific to Florida.Vegetables
- Florida Vegetable Gardening Guide (SP103) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VH021
- Organic Vegetable Gardening (Cir 375) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY-VH019
- Minor Vegetables http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/HS/HS33100.pdf
Fruits
- Fruitscapes Website http://fruitscapes.ifas.ufl.edu/links.html
- Dooryard Fruit Varieties (FC23) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG248
- Citrus Culture in the Home Landscape (HS867) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HS132
Herbs
- Herbs in the Florida Garden (Cir570) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VH020
For Sale Reference Books
(These and other resources available through http://www.ifasbooks.ufl.edu/merchant2/ ):
- Manual of Minor Vegetables. J.M. Stephens.1988. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville.
- Vegetable Gardening in Florida. J. M. Stephens. 1999. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville.
- Your Florida Dooryard Citrus Guide. James J. Ferguson. 2001. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Footnotes
1. This document is ENH971, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 2004. Revised November 2007.Visit the EDIS Web Site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.2. Eva Worden, Former Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist, Cooperative Extension Service; and Sydney Park Brown, Associate Professor and Consumer Horticulture Specialist, Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center; and Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other extension publications, contact your county Cooperative Extension service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M. University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Larry Arrington, Dean.
Copyright Information
This document is copyrighted by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) for the people of the State of Florida. UF/IFAS retains all rights under all conventions, but permits free reproduction by all agents and offices of the Cooperative Extension Service and the people of the State of Florida. Permission is granted to others to use these materials in part or in full for educational purposes, provided that full credit is given to the UF/IFAS, citing the publication, its source, and date of publication.