Publication #ENY-689

Topics: Strawberry Pest Management | Strawberry Pest Insects | Entomology and Nematology | Price, James F | Nagle, Curtis A | McCord, Elzie Jr. | Webb, Susan E

Pesticide Options for Insect, Mite, and Mollusk Management in Commercial Strawberry Production in Florida¹

James F. Price, Curtis Nagle, and Susan E. Webb²

Florida growers produce primarily fresh market strawberries that were valued at $366.3 million in 2010–11, harvested from 9,900 acres (Florida Agriculture Statistical Bulletin 2011). More than 95% of the crop is produced near Plant City, with smaller production areas in north Florida and around Homestead, FL.

Major early-season arthropod pests include lepidopterous larvae, twospotted spider mites, and aphids, some of which may accompany the transplants from their origin. By mid-season and later, major concerns are with twospotted spider mites, thrips, fruit (vinegar) flies and sap beetles. Pameras (seed bugs) add to the concern and may evoke complaints when they accompany berries to markets. Now spotted wing drosophila flies can be present to damage fruit or to reproduce and damage the blueberry crop that follows strawberries. Widow spiders sometimes are problems in fields where broad spectrum insecticides are infrequently used.

Effective management of arthropod and gastropod pests of strawberry is critical to the profitability of the industry and requires that pests be detected in a timely manner through systematic scouting. Appropriate control measures should be applied as conditions warrant.

Biological control measures have been developed for management of twospotted spider mites and are practiced by a portion of the industry. Information on biological control of insects and mites in strawberry production is available at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HS180. Toxicity information for many pesticides used in Florida strawberry production to commercially available predators of spider mites is summarized at http://side-effects.koppert.nl/.

The tables in this document list pesticides that are presently available to commercial strawberry producers in Florida and are organized alphabetically by the following major pest groups:

Ants

Aphids

Armyworms

Beetles and weevils

Caterpillars (including budworms, earworms, leafrollers, leaftiers, lesser cornstalk borer and loopers)

Crickets

Fruit flies (vinegar flies) and spotted wing drosophila

Grubs

Mites

Mole crickets

Pameras

Plant (Lygus) bugs

Snails and slugs

Spiders

Thrips

Available pesticides for strawberry include beneficial nematode and microbial insecticides, which are components of biological control. For each pest group listed, products available for control are presented by the active ingredient’s common name. Usually only one or a few examples of each formulation are given; however, there may be other products as effective as those listed. Notes taken from labels are provided to qualify some uses. More information about pesticide products can be found on electronic versions of specimen labels which are usually available at the websites of CDMS (http://www.cdms.net/manuf/default.asp), C&P Press (http://www.greenbook.net/) or the affiliated manufacturer. The product label communicates the lawful use of the product and must be read, understood and followed. A label may contain important limitations that are not presented here, and it remains the pesticide applicator’s legal responsibility to read and follow all label instructions on the container of the specific pesticide being used.

Many pesticides decompose in the spray tank when mixed with water above pH 7. Growers should test the pH of their water and, when above 7, should add a buffering solution to maintain pH between 6.5 and 7. When using a pesticide for the first time, it is important to test the product first on a small portion of the crop and check for any possible detrimental effects over time, such as leaf distortion and plant stunting.

This summary is only a guide to aid in the proper selection of pesticides. Care has been given to provide accurate and up-to-date information, but it is possible that, through label changes, error, etc., improper uses may be indicated.

As an additional precaution, keep the telephone number and address of the nearest county poison control center in a convenient location in case of an accidental poisoning. Also, keep clean copies of labels of all pesticides on the farm premises. In the event of a poisoning, the label of the pesticide involved should be taken to the poison control center or hospital.

Reference

Florida Agriculture Statistical Bulletin 2011. 2012. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Florida/Publications/Annual_Statistical_Bulletin/fasb12/E1thru18Veg-2012.pdf , NASS, USDA.

Tables

Table 1.

Ant pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida.

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040	Naturalis L	F, G, N	At least 3–5 applications may be necessary before pests are adequately under control. Do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after application before applying fungicides.
Carbaryl	10% Sevin Granules Cutworm & Cricket Bait	F, N	Repeat applications up to a total of four times per year, but not more often than once every 7 days. Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Methyl bromide & Chloropicrin	MBC 98-2³	F, G, N	Pre-plant treatment only.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC 1.4⁴ PyGanic EC 5.0⁴	F, G, N
Pyrethrin & piperonyl butoxide	Evergreen EC 60-6 Pyreth-It Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N
Pyriproxyfen	Esteem Ant Bait	F, G, N	For 7 to 10 days after treatment, do not apply any other fire ant pesticide. Do not exceed more than 0.134 lb. of pyriproxyfen per acre per season.
S-methoprene	Extinguish Pro Fire Ant Bait	F, G, N	Fire ants.
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³ Product is a restricted-use pesticide. ⁴ Product label indicates use in organic production.

Table 2.

Aphid pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida.

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Abamectin	Temprano³	F	Suppression.
Acetamiprid	Assail 30SG	F, G, N	Do not make more than two applications per growing season.
Azadirachtin	Aza-Direct⁴ Azatin XL Neemix 4.5⁴ Ecozin Plus 1.2% ME⁴	F, G, N	Reduces damage by repelling and deterring feeding of all stages of insect.
Beauveria bassiana	Naturalis L BotaniGard ES BotaniGard 22 WP Mycotrol O⁴	F, G, N	Typically it takes 7–10 days after the first spray to see control. At least 3–5 applications may be necessary before pests are adequately under control. See labels for precautions about use with fungicides.
Bifenthrin	Brigade WSB³	F, N	Plant back restrictions: Plants for which bifenthrin tolerances exist may be rotated at any time. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application of bifenthrin.
Bifenthrin & avermectin B1	Athena³	F	Do not make more than two consecutive applications and four applications per growing season. Plant back restrictions: For crops that have bifenthrin and avermectin tolerances, the plant back is immediate. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application.
Bifenthrin & imidacloprid	Brigadier³	F, N	Do not apply during or within 10 days after bloom or when bees are actively foraging. Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI). Plant back restrictions: Plants that have tolerances for both bifenthrin and imidacloprid may be rotated at any time. Crops that have tolerances for bifenthrin and not imidacloprid can be rotated 12 months after the final application of Brigadier insecticide. Crops that have tolerances for imidacloprid and not bifenthrin may be rotated 30 days after the final application [label has list of crops].
Diazinon	Diazinon AG 500³ Diazinon 50W³ Diazinon AG600 WBC³	F, N	Make a maximum of one foliar application per crop and a maximum of one soil application per crop. Long, 5-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Edible fish oil & sesame oil	Organocide 3-in-1 Garden Spray⁴	F, G, N
Flonicamid	Beleaf 50 SG	F, N
Imidacloprid	Admire Pro Couraze 2F Provado 1.6 Flowable	F, N	Do not apply during bloom or within 10 days before bloom or when bees are actively foraging.
Isaria fumosorosea (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)	Preferal PFR-97 20% WDG⁴	F, G, N	Most effective when relative humidity is 80% or higher for 8–10 hours. Can be mixed with copper-based fungicides; do not mix with other fungicides or apply within 5 days of fungicide applications other than copper.
Malathion	Gowan Malathion 8F Malathion 5EC	F, N
Naled	Dibrom 8 Emulsive³	F, N	Do not apply when temperature is over 90°F.
Neem oil	Trilogy	F, N	Avoid tank mixes with captan, sulfur or other chemically similar products because unpredictable results or leaf burn may occur.
Oil (mineral, paraffinic, petroleum, vegetable, etc.)	Saf-T-Side Spray Oil Ultra-Fine Oil	F, N	See labels for phytotoxicity precautions.
Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids (insecticidal soap)	AllPro Insecticidal Soap 40% M-Pede⁴	F, G, N	Do not mix with sulfur. See labels for phytotoxicity precautions.
Potassium silicate	Sil-MATRIX	F, G, N	Suppression.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC 1.4⁴ PyGanic EC 5.0⁴	F, G, N
Pyrethrin & piperonyl butoxide	EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyreth-It Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N
Pyrethrin, piperonyl butoxide & silicon dioxide	Diatect II Multipurpose	F, G, N
Sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate	Prev-AM	F, N	Do not mix with chemicals containing sulfur or oils. Do not add adjuvants to Prev-Am.
Sorbitol octanoate	SorbiShield 90	F, G, N	A contact insecticide with limited residual activity.
Sucrose octanoate	SucraShield	F, G, N	A contact insecticide with limited residual activity.
Thiamethoxam	Actara	F
Thiamethoxam & chlorantraniliprole	Voliam Flexi	F
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³ Product is a restricted-use pesticide. ⁴Product label indicates use in organic production.

Table 3.

Armyworm pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida. See also caterpillars (Table 5).

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Azadirachtin	Aza-Direct³ Azatin XL Neemix 4.5³	F, G, N	Will not control adult insects. Effective on all larval stages and pupae. Reduces damage by repelling and deterring feeding of all stages of insect.
Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai	Agree WG³ XenTari Dry Flowable³	F, G, N	For best results apply full coverage sprays when 1st or 2nd instar larvae are present. Where 4th or 5th instar larvae are present, a contact insecticide should be used in combination to enhance control.
Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki	Deliver LC³ Javelin WG³ Biobit HP³ Dipel DF³ Dipel ES Lepinox WDG Crymax Bioinsecticide	F, G, N	May be used to control armyworms or podworms (1st and 2nd instar) when populations are light and full coverage sprays are applied. If mature worms or heavy populations are present, a contact insecticide should be used to enhance control.
Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040	Naturalis L	F, G, N	At least 3–5 applications may be necessary before pests are adequately under control. Do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after application before applying fungicides.
Bifenthrin	Brigade WSB⁴	F, N	Plants for which bifenthrin tolerances exist may be rotated at any time. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application of bifenthrin.
Bifenthrin & avermectin B1	Athena⁴	F	Not for beet armyworm. Do not make more than two consecutive applications and four applications per growing season. Plant back restrictions: For crops that have bifenthrin and avermectin tolerances, the plant back is immediate. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application.
Bifenthrin & imidacloprid	Brigadier⁴	F, N	Not for beet armyworm. Do not apply during or within 10 days after bloom or when bees are actively foraging. Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI). Plant back restrictions: Plants that have tolerances for both bifenthrin and imidacloprid may be rotated at any time. Crops that have tolerances for bifenthrin and not imidacloprid can be rotated 12 months after the final application of Brigadier insecticide. Crops that have tolerances for imidacloprid and not bifenthrin may be rotated 30 days after the final application [label has list of crops].
Carbaryl	Cutworm & Cricket Bait Sevin Brand 4F Sevin Brand XLR Plus	F, N	Do not apply more than a total of 10 quarts per acre per crop. Repeat applications as necessary up to a total of five times but not more often than once every 7 days. Plant back: Do not plant rotational food and feed crops not listed on this or other carbaryl labels in carbaryl-treated soil. Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Chlorantraniliprole	Coragen	F	Beet armyworm; make no more than four applications per acre per crop.
Chromobacterium subtsugae	MBI-203 EP³	F, G, N
Fenpropathrin	Danitol 2.4EC⁴	F, N	Fall & yellowstriped armyworm; do not exceed more than two applications totaling 2–2/3 pts. (0.8 lb. a.i.) per acre to the same planting in 12 consecutive months.
Flubendiamide	Synapse WG	F, N
Methoxyfenozide	Intrepid 2F	F, N	Do not use more than 12 fl oz per acre per application or 64 fl oz of Intrepid 2F (1 lb a.i.) per acre per season. Rotational crop restrictions (plant back): Crops with registered uses may be replanted at any time. All other crops grown for food or feed may be replanted after 7 days.
Novaluron	Rimon 0.83EC	F, N	Does not kill adult insects.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC 1.4³ PyGanic EC 5.0³	F, G, N
Pyrethrin & piperonyl butoxide	EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyreth-It Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N
Pyrethrin, piperonyl butoxide & silicon dioxide	Diatect II Multipurpose	F, G, N
Spinosad	Entrust³ SpinTor 2SC	F, N	Resistance management: Rotate to a different class of insect control products after two successive applications. Do not make more than five applications per year.
Spinetoram	Radiant SC	F, N	Resistance Management: Do not make more than two consecutive applications of group 5 insecticides (spinetoram and spinosad). Do not make more than five applications per calendar year.
Steinernema carpocapsae	Millenium	F, G, N	Ground dwelling insects and borers
Thiamethoxam & chlorantraniliprole	Voliam Flexi	F	Beet armyworm.
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³Product label indicates use in organic production. ⁴ Product is a restricted-use pesticide.

Table 4.

Beetle and weevil pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida. See also grubs (Table 8).

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Acetamiprid	Assail 30SG	F, G, N	Flea beetle, sap beetles; do not make more than two applications per growing season.
Azadirachtin	Aza-Direct³ Azatin XL Neemix 4.5³ Ecozin Plus 1.2% ME³	F, G, N	Will not control adult insects. Effective on all larval stages and pupae. Reduces damage by repelling and deterring feeding of all stages of insect.
Beauveria bassiana	Naturalis L BotaniGard ES Mycotrol O³	F, G, N	Typically it takes 7–10 days after the first spray to see control. At least 3–5 applications may be necessary before pests are adequately under control. See labels for precautions about use with fungicides.
Bifenthrin	Brigade WSB⁴	F, N	Flea beetles; strawberry sap beetle. Plants for which bifenthrin tolerances exist may be rotated at any time. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application of bifenthrin.
Bifenthrin & avermectin B1	Athena⁴	F	Flea beetles, strawberry sap beetles, strawberry root weevil, strawberry clipper; do not make more than two consecutive applications and four applications per growing season. Plant back restrictions: For crops that have bifenthrin and avermectin tolerances, the plant back is immediate. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application.
Bifenthrin & imidacloprid	Brigadier⁴	F, N	Flea beetle spp.; do not apply during or within 10 days after bloom or when bees are actively foraging. Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI). Plant back restrictions: Plants that have tolerances for both bifenthrin and imidacloprid may be rotated at any time. Crops that have tolerances for bifenthrin and not imidacloprid can be rotated 12 months after the final application of Brigadier insecticide. Crops that have tolerances for imidacloprid and not bifenthrin may be rotated 30 days after the final application [label has list of crops].
Carbaryl	Carbaryl 4L Sevin Brand 4F Sevin Brand 80S Sevin XLR Plus	F, N	Sap beetles⁵; flea beetles; June beetles. Plant back: Do not plant rotational food and feed crops not listed on this or other carbaryl labels in carbaryl-treated soil. Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Chlorantraniliprole	Coragen	F	Japanese beetle adult; make no more than four applications per acre per crop.
Chlorpyrifos	Govern 4E⁴ Lorsban Advanced⁴	F, N	Strawberry bud weevil; pre-bloom use only. Do not make more than two applications (foliar) per year.
Fenpropathrin	Danitol 2.4EC⁴	F, N	Strawberry sap beetle, strawberry bud weevil (strawberry clipper); do not exceed more than two applications totaling 2–2/3 pts. (0.8 lbs. a.i.) per acre to the same planting in 12 consecutive months.
Imidacloprid	Admire Pro Couraze 2F	F, N	Post-harvest use on perennial strawberry: White grub complex (grubs of Asiatic garden beetle, European chafer, masked chafer, Japanese beetle, Oriental beetle). Long, 14-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Isaria fumosorosea (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)	Preferal PFR-97 20% WDG³	F, G, N	Coleoptera grubs and larvae; most effective when relative humidity is 80% or higher for 8–10 hours. Can be mixed with copper-based fungicides; do not mix with other fungicides or apply within 5 days of fungicide applications other than copper.
Malathion	Gowan Malathion 8F Malathion 5EC	F, N	Strawberry root weevil.
Novaluron	Rimon 0.83EC	F, N	Sap beetle larvae; does not kill adult insects.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC 1.4³ PyGanic EC 5.0³	F, G, N
Pyrethrin & Piperonyl Butoxide	Evergreen EC 60-6 Pyreth-It Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N	Cucumber beetles, flea beetles, corn sap beetle.
Pyrethrin, rotenone & associated resins	Pyrellin E.C.	F, G, N	Strawberry root worms.
Steinernema carpocapsae	Millenium	F, G, N	Ground-dwelling insects and borers: Blackvine weevil, strawberry root weevil.
Thiamethoxam	Actara	F	Weevil (adult).
Thiamethoxam & chlorantraniliprole	Voliam Flexi	F	Japanese beetle (adult), weevil (adult).
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³Product label indicates use in organic production. ⁴ Product is a restricted-use pesticide. ⁵ These products, while not labeled for sap beetle control in strawberry, are labeled for sap beetle control in corn.

Table 5.

Caterpillar pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida. (Includes budworms, earworms, leafrollers, leaftiers, lesser cornstalk borer and looper.) Also see armyworms (Table 3).

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Acetamiprid	Assail 30SG	F, G, N	Obliquebanded leafroller; do not make more than two applications per growing season.
Azadirachtin	Aza-Direct³ Azatin XL Ecozin Plus 1.2% ME³ Neemix 4.5³	F, G, N	Will not control adult insects. Effective on all larval stages and pupae. Reduces damage by repelling and deterring feeding of all stages of insect.
Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai strain ABTS-1857	XenTari Dry Flowable	F, G, N	Loopers, obliquebanded leafroller, omnivorous leafroller, saltmarsh caterpillar, tobacco budworm.
Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki	Javelin WG³ Deliver LC³ Biobit HP³ Dipel DF³ Dipel ES Dipel Pro DF³	F, G, N	Bollworm, Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., tobacco budworm, tomato fruitworm, looper, black cutworm, obliquebanded leafroller, omnivorous leafroller, omnivorous leaftier, saltmarsh caterpillar.
Beauveria bassiana	Naturalis L Mycotrol O³	F, G, N	Eggs of lepidopteran pests, leafrollers, lesser cornstalk borer, loopers, tomato fruitworm; at least 3–5 applications may be necessary before pests are adequately under control. See labels for precautions about use with fungicides.
Bifenthrin	Brigade WSB⁴	F, N	Heliothis spp., leafrollers; Plant back restrictions: Plants for which bifenthrin tolerances exist may be rotated at any time. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application of bifenthrin.
Bifenthrin & avermectin B1	Athena⁴	F	Corn earworm, leafroller, looper, orange tortrix; do not make more than two consecutive applications and four applications per growing season. Plant back restrictions: For crops that have bifenthrin and avermectin tolerances, the plant back is immediate. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application.
Bifenthrin & imidacloprid	Brigadier⁴	F, N	Corn earworm; do not apply during or within 10 days after bloom or when bees are actively foraging. Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI). Plant back restrictions: Plants that have tolerances for both bifenthrin and imidacloprid may be rotated at any time. Crops that have tolerances for bifenthrin and not imidacloprid can be rotated 12 months after the final application of Brigadier insecticide. Crops that have tolerances for imidacloprid and not bifenthrin may be rotated 30 days after the final application [label has list of crops].
Carbaryl	Carbaryl 4L Sevin Brand 4F Sevin Brand XLR Plus	F, N	Omnivorous leafroller, omnivorous leaftier, strawberry fruitworm, strawberry leafroller, saltmarsh caterpillar; do not plant rotational food crops not listed on this or other carbaryl labels in carbaryl-treated soil. Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Chlorantraniliprole	Coragen	F	Cabbage looper, corn earworm; make no more than four applications per acre per crop.
Diazinon	Diazinon AG 500⁴ Diazinon 50W⁴ Diazinon AG600 WBC⁴	F, N	Strawberry leafroller; make a maximum of one foliar application per crop and a maximum of one soil application per crop. Long, 5-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Edible fish oil & sesame oil	Organocide 3-in-1 Garden Spray³	F, G, N	Leafrollers.
Flubendiamide	Synapse WG	F, N	Corn earworm, cutworm, lesser cornstalk borer, omnivorous leaftier, strawberry leafroller.
Isaria fumosorosea (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)	Preferal PFR-97 20% WDG³	F, G, N	Lepidoptera caterpillars and larvae; most effective when relative humidity is 80% or higher for 8–10 hours. Can be mixed with copper-based fungicides; do not mix with other fungicides or apply within 5 days of fungicide applications other than copper.
Malathion	Gowan Malathion 8F Malathion 5EC	F, N	Strawberry leafrollers.
Methoxyfenozide	Intrepid 2F	F, N	Armyworms; corn earworm suppression.
Naled	Dibrom 8 Emulsive⁴	F, N	Leafrollers, omnivorous leaftiers; do not apply when temperature is over 90°F.
Novaluron	Rimon 0.83EC	F, N	Corn earworm, loopers, webworms; does not kill adult insects.
Oil (mineral, paraffinic, petroleum, vegetable, etc.)	Ultra-Fine Oil	F, N	Eggs of certain caterpillars; see labels for phytotoxicity precautions.
Polyhedral occlusion bodies of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Helicoverpa zea	Gemstar LC³	F, N	Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, cotton bollworm, tomato fruitworm, tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC-1.4³ PyGanic EC 5.0³	F, G, N	Budworms, loopers.
Pyrethrin & piperonyl butoxide	EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyreth-It Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N	Budworms, loopers, leafrollers, leaftiers, lesser cornstalk borer.
Pyrethrin, piperonyl butoxide & silicon dioxide	Diatect II Multipurpose	F, G, N	Cabbage looper, strawberry leafrollers.
Pyrethrin, rotenone & associated resins	Pyrellin E.C.	F, G, N	Strawberry leafrollers.
Sorbitol octanoate	SorbiShield 90	F, G, N	A contact insecticide with limited residual activity.
Spinosad	Entrust³ SpinTor 2SC	F, G, N	Leafrollers.
Steinernema carpocapsae	Millenium	F, G, N	Ground-dwelling insects and borers; Armyworms.
Thiamethoxam & chlorantraniliprole	Voliam Flexi	F	Cabbage looper, corn earworm.
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³Product label indicates use in organic production. ⁴ Product is a restricted-use pesticide.

Table 6.

Cricket pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida. See also mole cricket (Table 10).

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Carbaryl	Cutworm & Cricket Bait	F, N	Field crickets. Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Malathion	Gowan Malathion 8F Malathion 5EC	F, N	Field crickets.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC 1.4³ PyGanic EC 5.0³	F, G, N
Pyrethrin & piperonyl butoxide	EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyreth-It Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³Product label indicates use in organic production.

Table 7.

Fruit fly (vinegar fly) and spotted wing drosophila pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida.

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Azadirachtin	Aza-Direct³ Azatin XL Ecozin Plus 1.2% ME³ Neemix 4.5³	F, G, N	Will not control adult insects. Effective on all larval stages and pupae. Reduces damage by repelling and deterring feeding of all stages of insect.
Bifenthrin⁴	Brigade WSB⁵	F, N	Plant back restrictions: Plants for which bifenthrin tolerances exist may be rotated at any time. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application of bifenthrin.
Fenpropathrin⁴	Danitol 2.4EC⁵	F, N	Do not exceed more than two applications to the same planting in 12 consecutive months.
Malathion⁴	Gowan Malathion 8F Malathion 5EC	F, N
Naled⁴	Dibrom 8 Emulsive⁵	F, N	Do not apply when temperature is over 90°F.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC 1.4³ PyGanic EC 5.0³	F, G, N	Vinegar flies.
Pyrethrin & piperonyl butoxide	Pyreth-It EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N	Fruit flies; vinegar flies; for use on harvested fruits and vegetables: To control Drosophila spp. fruit flies.
Pyrethrin, piperonyl butoxide & silicon dioxide	Diatect II Multipurpose	F, G, N	Fruit flies.
Spinetoram⁴	Radiant SC	F, N	Resistance Management: Do not make more than two consecutive applications of group 5 insecticides (spinetoram and spinosad). Do not make more than five applications per calendar year.
Spinosad⁴	GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait³	F, N	Tephritid fruit flies.
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³Product label indicates use in organic production. ⁴These products do not make a label claim for drosophila control but have been shown to be useful to manage spotted wing drosophila. ⁵ Product is a restricted-use pesticide.

Table 8.

Grub pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida. See also beetles (Table 4).

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Azadirachtin	Azatin XL Neemix 4.5³	F, G, N	Effective on all larval stages and pupae. Reduces damage by repelling and deterring feeding of all stages of insect.
Beauveria bassiana strain GHA	BotaniGard ES Mycotrol O³	F, G, N	Typically it takes 7–10 days after the first spray to see control. See labels for precautions about use with fungicides.
Chlorpyrifos	Govern 4E⁴ Lorsban 75WG	F, N	Grub; do not make more than one (pre-plant) application per year.
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora	Nemasys G	F, G, N	European chafer, oriental beetle & Japanese beetle grubs.
Methyl bromide & chloropicrin	MBC 98-2⁴	F, G, N	Pre-plant.
Steinernema carpocapsae	Millenium	F, G, N	Ground-dwelling insects and borers: Strawberry root weevil.
Thiamethoxam	Platinum	F	Pre-harvest interval is 50 days.
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³Product label indicates use in organic production. ⁴ Product is a restricted-use pesticide.

Table 9.

Mite pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida. (Includes spider mites, cyclamen mites, and rust mites.)

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Abamectin	Agri-Mek 0.15 EC³ Temprano³	F	Twospotted spider mite, strawberry spider mite, suppression of cyclamen mite.
Acequinocyl	Kanemite 15 SC	F, N	Twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae).
Azadirachtin	Aza-Direct⁴ Azahar⁴	F, G, N	Will not control adults.
Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040	Naturalis L	F, G, N	At least 3–5 applications may be necessary before pests are adequately under control. Do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after application before applying fungicides.
Bifenazate	Acramite 50WS	F, N	Twospotted spider mite; strawberry mite; two sprays is the total number of sprays per season. Nursery use must be on plants that will not bear fruit within 1 year of application.
Bifenthrin	Brigade WSB³	F, N	Spider mites; plants for which bifenthrin tolerances exist may be rotated at any time. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application of bifenthrin. Plant back restrictions: Plants for which bifenthrin tolerances exist may be rotated at any time. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application of bifenthrin.
Bifenthrin & avermectin B1	Athena³	F	Cyclamen mite, strawberry mite, twospotted spider mite; do not make more than two consecutive applications and four applications per growing season. Plant back restrictions: For crops that have bifenthrin and avermectin tolerances, the plant back is immediate. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application.
Chromobacterium subtsugae	MBI-203 EP⁴	F, G, N
Diazinon	Diazinon AG-500³ Diazinon AG600 WBC³ Diazinon 50W³	F, N	For cyclamen mites, direct spray to plant crowns. Make a maximum of one foliar application per crop and a maximum of one soil application per crop. Long, 5-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Edible fish oil & sesame oil	Organocide 3-in-1 Garden Spray⁴	F, G, N	Spider mites.
Etoxazole	Zeal Miticide	F, N	Twospotted spider mite; do not make more than one Zeal application per growing season.
Fenbutatin-oxide	Vendex 50WP³	F, N	Twospotted spider mite; make no more than two applications per season.
Fenpropathrin	Danitol 2.4EC³	F, N	Twospotted spider mite; do not exceed more than two applications to the same planting in 12 consecutive months.
Fenpyroximate	Portal	F, N	Broad mite, citrus rust mite, cyclamen mite, twospotted spider mite; do not make more than two applications per season.
Hexythiazox	Savey 50 DF	F	Twospotted spider mite; do not make more than one application per year.
Isaria fumosorosea (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)	Preferal PFR-97 20% WDG⁴	F, G, N	Spider mites, broad mites, rust mites; most effective when relative humidity is 80% or higher for 8–10 hours. Can be mixed with copper-based fungicides; do not mix with other fungicides or apply within 5 days of fungicide applications other than copper.
Naled	Dibrom 8 Emulsive³	F, N	Spider mites; do not apply when temperature is over 90°F.
Neem oil	Trilogy⁴	F, N	Spider mites; avoid tank mixes with captan, sulfur, or other chemically similar products because unpredictable results or leaf burn may occur.
Oil (mineral, paraffinic, petroleum, vegetable, etc.)	Mite-E-Oil Ultra-Pure Oil	F, N	See labels for phytotoxicity precautions.
Potassium salts of fatty acids (insecticidal soap)	AllPro Insecticidal Soap 40% M-Pede⁴	F, G, N	Twospotted mites; do not mix with sulfur. See labels for phytotoxicity precautions.
Potassium silicate	Sil-MATRIX	F, G, N	Spider mites suppression.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC 1.4⁴ PyGanic EC 5.0⁴	F, G, N
Pyrethrin & piperonyl butoxide	EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N	Strawberry mites.
Pyrethrin, rotenone & associated resins	Pyrellin EC	F, G, N
Pyrethrin, piperonyl butoxide & silicon dioxide	Diatect II Multipurpose	F, G, N
Sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate	Prev-Am	F, N	Do not mix with chemicals containing sulfur or oils. Do not add adjuvants to Prev-Am.
Sorbitol octanoate	SorbiShield 90	F, G, N	A contact insecticide with limited residual activity.
Spiromesifen	Oberon 2 SC	F, N	Twospotted spider mite; maximum number of applications per crop season is three.
Sucrose octanoate	SucraShield	F, G, N	A contact insecticide with limited residual activity.
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³ Product is a restricted-use pesticide. ⁴Product label indicates use in organic production.

Table 10.

Mole cricket pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida.

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Azadirachtin	AzaGuard	F, G, N	Spray nymphs soon after egg hatch.
Beauveria bassiana strain GHA	Mycotrol O³	F, G, N	Typically it takes 7–10 days after the first spray to see control. See label for precautions about use with fungicides.
Carbaryl	Cutworm & Cricket Bait	F, N	Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Diazinon	Diazinon AG 500⁴ Diazinon 50W⁴ Diazinon AG600 WBC⁴	F, N	Make a maximum of one foliar application per crop and a maximum of one soil application per crop. Long, 5-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Pyrethrin	PyGanic EC 5.0³	F, G, N
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³Product label indicates use in organic production. ⁴ Product is a restricted-use pesticide.

Table 11.

Pamera bug pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida.

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Azadirachtin	Aza-Direct³ Azatrol EC³ Ecozin Plus 1.2% ME³	F, G, N	True bugs; will not control adult insects. Reduces damage by repelling and deterring feeding of all stages of insect.
Beauveria bassiana strain GHA	BotaniGard ES Mycotrol O³	F, G, N	Typically it takes 7–10 days after the first spray to see control. See labels for precautions about use with fungicides.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC 1.4³ PyGanic EC 5.0³	F, G, N	Label does not list the insect but does not limit use to listed insects.
Pyrethrin & piperonyl butoxide	EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N	Label does not list this insect but does not limit use to listed insects.
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³Product label indicates use in organic production.

Table 12.

Plant (Lygus) bug pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida.

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Acetamiprid	Assail 30SG	F, G, N	Do not make more than two applications per growing season.
Azadirachtin	Azatrol EC³ Neemix 4.5³	F, G, N	Lygus bug; will not control adult insects. Reduces damage by repelling and deterring feeding of all stages of insect.
Beauveria bassiana	Naturalis L BotaniGard ES Mycotrol O³	F, G, N	Typically it takes 7–10 days after the first spray to see control. At least 3–5 applications may be necessary before pests are adequately under control. See labels for precautions about use with fungicides.
Bifenthrin	Brigade WSB⁴	F, N	Plant back restrictions: Plants for which bifenthrin tolerances exist may be rotated at any time. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application of bifenthrin.
Bifenthrin & avermectin B1	Athena⁴	F	Lygus spp.; do not make more than two consecutive applications and four applications per growing season. Plant back restrictions: For crops that have bifenthrin and avermectin tolerances, the plant back is immediate. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application.
Bifenthrin & imidacloprid	Brigadier⁴	F, N	Lygus spp.; do not apply during or within 10 days after bloom or when bees are actively foraging. Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI). Plant back restrictions: Plants that have tolerances for both bifenthrin and imidacloprid may be rotated at any time. Crops that have tolerances for bifenthrin and not imidacloprid can be rotated 12 months after the final application of Brigadier insecticide. Crops that have tolerances for imidacloprid and not bifenthrin may be rotated 30 days after the final application [label has list of crops].
Carbaryl	Carbaryl 4L Sevin Brand 4F Sevin Brand 80S Sevin Brand XLR Plus	F, N	Tarnished plant bug; do not plant rotational food and feed crops not listed on this or other carbaryl labels in carbaryl-treated soil. Long, 7-day pre-harvest interval (PHI).
Etoxazole	Zeal	F, N	Do not make more than one Zeal application per growing season. For lygus, spittlebug, tarnished plant bug or twospotted spider mite, use in combination with Danitol 2.4EC.
Fenpropathrin	Danitol 2.4EC⁴	F, N	Lygus, tarnished plant bug; do not exceed more than two applications totaling 2–2/3 pts. (0.8 lbs. A.I.) per acre to the same planting in 12 consecutive months.
Isaria fumosorosea (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)	Preferal PFR-97 20% WDG³	F, G, N	Most effective when relative humidity is 80% or higher for 8–10 hours. Can be mixed with copper-based fungicides; do not mix with other fungicides or apply within 5 days of fungicide applications other than copper.
Malathion	Gowan Malathion 8F Malathion 5EC	F, N
Naled	Dibrom 8 Emulsive⁴	F, N	Do not apply when temperature is over 90°F.
Novaluron	Rimon 0.83EC	F, N	Lygus; does not kill adult insects.
Oil (mineral, paraffinic, petroleum, vegetable, etc.)	Ultra-fine Oil	F, N	See label for phytotoxicity precautions.
Potassium salts of fatty acids (insecticidal soap)	DES-X³	F, N	Do not mix with sulfur. See label for phytotoxicity precautions.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC 1.4³ PyGanic EC 5.0³	F, G, N
Pyrethrin & piperonyl butoxide	EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N
Sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate	Prev-Am	F, N	Do not mix with chemicals containing sulfur or oils. Do not add adjuvants to Prev-Am.
Sorbitol octanoate	SorbiShield 90	F, G, N	A contact insecticide with limited residual activity.
Thiamethoxam	Actara	F	Lygus bug suppression.
Thiamethoxam & chlorantraniliprole	Voliam Flexi	F	Lygus bug suppression.
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³Product label indicates use in organic production. ⁴ Product is a restricted-use pesticide.

Table 13.

Slug and Snail pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida.

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Iron phosphate	Sluggo-AG	F, G, N
Metaldehyde	Durham Metaldehyde Granules 3.5, 7.5 OR-CAL Slug & Snail Bait Slug-Fest	F, N
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc.

Table 14.

Spider (widow spiders: Black widow and other widow spiders) pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida.

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Bifenthrin³	Brigade WSB⁴	F, N	Plant back restrictions: Plants for which bifenthrin tolerances exist may be rotated at any time. All other crops may be rotated 30 days after the final application of bifenthrin.
Malathion³	Ortho Malathion Plus Insect Spray	F, N	Spiders; spot treatment to areas such as irrigation valves and other equipment; apply as a course spray.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC 1.4⁵ PyGanic EC 5.0⁵	F, G, N	Spiders.
Pyrethrin & piperonyl butoxide	EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N	Spiders.
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³ Bifenthrin and malathion are labeled for spider control in outdoor ornamentals and turf, but no claim is made for spider control in strawberry crops. ⁴ Product is a restricted-use pesticide. ⁵Product label indicates use in organic production.

Table 15.

Thrips pesticidal control measures available for commercial strawberry production in Florida.

Common Name	Trade Name/ Formulation	Production Site¹	Notes from labels²
Abamectin	Temprano³	F	Suppression
Acetamiprid	Assail 30SG	F, G, N	Do not make more than two applications per growing season.
Azadirachtin	Aza-Direct⁴ Azatin XL Azatrol EC⁴ Ecozin Plus 1.2% ME⁴ Neemix 4.5⁴	F, G, N	Will not control adult insects. Effective on all larval stages and pupae. Reduces damage by repelling and deterring feeding of all stages of insect.
Beauveria bassiana	Naturalis L BotaniGard 22WP BotaniGard ES Mycotrol O⁴	F, G, N	Typically it takes 7–10 days after the first spray to see control. At least 3–5 applications may be necessary before pests are adequately under control. See labels for precautions about use with fungicides.
Edible fish oil & sesame oil	Organocide 3-in-1 Garden Spray⁴	F, G, N
Fenpyroximate	Portal	F, N	Citrus thrips suppression; do not make more than two applications per season.
Isaria fumosorosea (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)	Preferal PFR-97 20% WDG⁴	F, G, N	Thrips pupae; most effective when relative humidity is 80% or higher for 8–10 hours. Can be mixed with copper-based fungicides; do not mix with other fungicides or apply within 5 days of fungicide applications other than copper.
Malathion	Gowan Malathion 8F Malathion 5EC	F, N
Naled	Dibrom 8 Emulsive³	F, N	Do not apply when temperature is over 90°F.
Neem oil	Trilogy⁴	F, N	Suppression; avoid tank mixes with captan, sulfur or other chemically similar products because unpredictable results or leaf burn may occur.
Novaluron	Rimon 0.83EC	F, N	Does not kill adult insects.
Oil (mineral, paraffinic, petroleum, vegetable, etc.)	Ultra-Fine Oil	F, N	See label for phytotoxicity precautions.
Pyrethrin	PyGanic Crop Protection EC 1.4⁴ PyGanic EC 5.0⁴	F, G, N
Pyrethrin & piperonyl butoxide	EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyreth-It Pyrenone Crop Spray	F, G, N
Pyrethrin, piperonyl butoxide & silicon dioxide	Diatect II Multipurpose	F, G, N
Pyrethrin, rotenone & associated resins	Pyrellin EC	F, G, N
Sorbitol octanoate	SorbiShield 90	F, G, N	A contact insecticide with limited residual activity.
Spinetoram	Radiant SC	F, N	Resistance Management: Do not make more than two consecutive applications of group 5 insecticides (spinetoram and spinosad). Do not make more than five applications per calendar year.
Spinosad	Entrust⁴ SpinTor 2SC	F, N	Resistance management: Rotate to a different class of insect control products after two successive applications. Do not make more than five applications per year.
Steinernema feltiae	Nemasys	G	Western flower thrips.
Sucrose octanoate	SucraShield	F, G, N	A contact insecticide with limited residual activity.
Footnotes: ¹ "F" indicates field production. "G" indicates greenhouse production. "N" indicates nursery production. ² Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number and patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. ³ Product is a restricted-use pesticide. ⁴Product label indicates use in organic production.

Footnotes

This document is ENY-689 (IN486), one of a series of the Entomology & Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: December 2003. Revised: December 2007 and April 2013 For more publications related to horticulture/agriculture, please visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.

James F. Price, associate professor, retired, Gulf Coast Resource and Education Center, Wimauma, 33598; Curtis Nagle, biological scientist, Entomology and Nematology Department, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, 33598; and Susan E. Webb, associate professor, Entomology and Nematology Department, Cooperative Extension Service, Insititute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, 32611.

The use of trade names in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information. UF/IFAS does not guarantee or warranty the products named, and references to them in this publication do not signify our approval to the exclusion of other products of suitable composition. All chemicals should be used in accordance with directions on the manufacturer's label. Use pesticides safely. Read and follow directions on the manufacturer's label.

The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other extension publications, contact your county Cooperative Extension service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M. University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, Dean.

Pesticide Options for Insect, Mite, and Mollusk Management in Commercial Strawberry Production in Florida1

Reference

Tables

Footnotes

Pesticide Options for Insect, Mite, and Mollusk Management in Commercial Strawberry Production in Florida¹