MENU

AskIFAS Powered by EDIS

Lycium carolinianum Christmas Berry, Carolina Desert-thorn

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Introduction

Lycium carolinianum is a small shrub that is commonly found in the southeastern United States at the edge of salt marshes and on sandy shell mounds. This 6 to 10 foot tall shrub has rigid branches that are sharply thorn-tipped. The tiny deciduous leaves of this plant are succulent and linear to oblanceolate in shape. Flowers are solitary in the leaf axils and are borne on slender flower stalks. These autumn flowers are blue, white, or lavender and have purple streaks. The flowers are followed by large, bright, lustrous red berries that ripen in late autumn or early winter. Birds love to eat the ripe berries.

Full Form - Lycium carolinianum: Christmas Berry, Carolina Desert-thorn
Figure 1. Full Form - Lycium carolinianum: Christmas Berry, Carolina Desert-thorn
Credit: Edward F. Gilman, UF/IFAS

 

Leaf - Lycium carolinianum: Christmas Berry, Carolina Desert-thorn
Figure 2. Leaf - Lycium carolinianum: Christmas Berry, Carolina Desert-thorn
Credit: Edward F. Gilman, UF/IFAS

 

Fruit - Lycium carolinianum: Christmas Berry, Carolina Desert-thorn
Figure 3. Fruit - Lycium carolinianum: Christmas Berry, Carolina Desert-thorn
Credit: Edward F. Gilman, UF/IFAS

 

Bark - Lycium carolinianum: Christmas Berry, Carolina Desert-thorn
Figure 4. Bark - Lycium carolinianum: Christmas Berry, Carolina Desert-thorn
Credit: Edward F. Gilman, UF/IFAS

General Information

Scientific name: Lycium carolinianum

Pronunciation: LYE-see-um KAIR-roe-lin-nee-AY-num

Common name(s): Christmas berry, Carolina desert-thorn

Family: Solanaceae

Plant type: shrub

USDA hardiness zones: 7B through 11 (Figure 5)

Planting month for zone 7: year round

Planting month for zone 8: year round

Planting month for zone 9: year round

Planting month for zone 10: year round

Origin: native to Florida

Invasive potential: native plant that often reproduces into nearby landscapes

Uses: border

Availability: grown in small quantities by a small number of nurseries

Shaded area represents potential planting range.
Figure 5. Shaded area represents potential planting range.
Credit:

Description

Height: 4 to 8 feet

Spread: 3 to 6 feet

Plant habit: vase shape

Plant density: moderate

Growth rate: moderate

Texture: fine

Foliage

Leaf arrangement: alternate

Leaf type: simple

Leaf margin: entire

Leaf shape: oblanceolate

Leaf venation: none, or difficult to see

Leaf type and persistence: evergreen

Leaf blade length: less than 2 inches

Leaf color: green

Fall color: no fall color change

Fall characteristic: not showy

Flower

Flower color: blue; white; yellow

Flower characteristic: summer flowering; fall flowering

Fruit

Fruit shape: oval

Fruit length: 3 to 6 inches

Fruit cover: fleshy

Fruit color: red

Fruit characteristic: attracts birds

Trunk and Branches

Trunk/bark/branches: thorns present; not particularly showy

Current year stem/twig color: gray/silver

Current year stem/twig thickness: thin

Culture

Light requirement: plant grows in part shade/part sun

Soil tolerances: extended flooding; acidic; alkaline; sand; loam; clay

Drought tolerance: Unknown

Soil salt tolerances: good

Plant spacing: 36 to 60 inches

Other

Roots: sprouts from roots or lower trunk

Winter interest: plant has winter interest due to unusual form, nice persistent fruits, showy winter trunk, or winter flowers

Outstanding plant: not particularly outstanding

Pest resistance: long-term health usually not affected by pests

Use and Management

The Christmas berry makes a wonderful specimen plant and forms a nice border. Its fine texture compliments and contrasts most other plants in the landscape. It can be trained into a small multi-trunked tree for the patio or garden, or it can be grown in a container or raised planter.

The Christmas berry is very tolerant to salt spray and drought conditions and is great for coastal plantings. In addition to its native sandy dune habitat, Christmas berry can be found naturally along the edges of ponds, salty marshes, and waterways. Plant this shrub on a well-drained or wet site that receives full sun or partial shade. Non-irrigated plants drop leaves in dry weather as a drought avoidance mechanism, but the next wet period brings new leaves. Growth is thin and the plant forms an open canopy in the shade. Suckers regularly form at the base of the trunks, creating a multi-trunked thicket. These will have to be periodically removed to maintain a neat appearance.

Pests and Diseases

There are few important problems growing this native plant.

Publication #FPS-356

Release Date:November 6, 2023

Related Collections

Part of Shrubs Fact Sheets

Related Topics

Organism ID

About this Publication

This document is FPS-356, one of a series of the Department of Environmental Horticulture, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date October 1999. Revised October 2023. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the currently supported version of this publication.

About the Authors

Edward F. Gilman, professor emeritus; Ryan W. Klein, assistant professor, arboriculture; and Gail Hansen, professor, sustainable landscape design; Department of Environmental Horticulture, UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.

Contacts

  • Gail Hansen de Chapman