Chapter 14. Potato Production

North Florida

Jan–Feb

Central Florida

Nov–Feb

South Florida

Oct–Jan

Distance between rows (inch)

36–42

Distance between plants (inch)

7–10

Planting depth (inch)

3–4

Average seed piece size (oz)

2.5–3.0

Average seed per planted acre (lb)

2000–3000

PREPLANT/PREEMERGENCE

Carfentrazone

up to 0.031

(Aim) 2.0 EC

up to 2 fl oz

14

Apply as a preplant burndown for emerged broadleaf weeds. Use crop oil concentrate, methylated seed oil, or nonionic surfactant at recommended rates. No more than 0.096 lb a.i./A per season. No pretransplant interval.

Dimethenamid-p

0.56–0.84

(Outlook) 6 L

12–18 fl oz

15

Apply after planting or drag-off. Consult label for exact rates based on soil texture. In cold, wet conditions, delayed crop emergence or stunting may occur. PHI 40 days.

EPTC

1.0

(Eptam) 20 G

15 lb

8

Broadleaf and grass weeds and nutsedge. Apply preplant or after drag-off. Incorporate mechanically or with irrigation 2–4 inches deep. Do not apply the emulsifiable formulation preemergence in winter and early spring potatoes.

Flumioxazin

0.05

(Chateau) EZ 1.5 fl oz

14

Annual broadleaf weeds. Apply after hilling with a minimum of 2 inches of soil covering the vegetative portion of the potato plant. Should be tank-mixed with other herbicides, especially for grass control.

Fomesafen

0.25

(Reflex, Ringside) 2 EC

1.0 pt

14

Annual broadleaf and grass weeds. Effectiveness reduced if later cultural practices expose untreated soil. Can be applied after drag-off and before crop emergence. Variety tolerance may vary; test on a small sample before application to the entire field. PHI 7 days.

Glyphosate

(various formulations)

consult labels

9

Emerged broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply as a preplant burndown. Consult label for individual product directions.

Imazosulfuron

0.19–0.3

(League) 75 WG

4–6.4 oz

2

Broadleaf and grass weeds. No more than 2 applications per year and no more than 6.4 oz/A per year.

Linuron

0.75–1.25

(Lorox DF) 50 DF

1.5–2.5 lb

(Linex) 4 L

1–1.6 pt

7

Apply after final drag-off. If weeds are present include a NIS. Best results are obtained in moist fields at application followed by rain or irrigation within 2 weeks.

Metribuzin

0.25–1.0

(Tricor DF) 75 DF

0.3–1.3 lb

5

Annual broadleaf weeds. Apply after drag-off but before crop emergence. Do not incorporate. Use lower rates on sandy soil.

Metribuzin + S-metolachlor

(Boundry) 6.5 EC

1.5–2.0 pt

5 + 15

Broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply before potato emergence. This includes drag-off. Do not incorporate.

Paraquat

0.25–0.5

(Gramoxone) 2 SL

1.0–2.0 pt

(Firestorm) 3 SL

0.7–1.3 pt

22

Emerged broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply as a preplant burndown treatment. Apply up to ground cracking before potatoes have emerged. Use a nonionic surfactant.

Pelargonic acid

(Scythe) 4.2 EC

3%–10% v/v

27

Emerged broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply as a preplant burndown treatment. Product is a contact, nonselective, foliar-applied herbicide with no residual control. May be tank-mixed with soil residual compounds.

Pendimethalin

0.75

(Prowl H20) 3.8

1.5 pt

3

Annual broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply after planting but before potatoes and weeds emerge or after drag-off. Incorporate with rainfall or mechanically into the top 1–2 inches of soil within 7 days. Do not use on peat or muck soils.

Pyraflufen

0.001–0.003

(ET Herbicide) 0.208 EC

0.5–2.0 fl oz

14

Emerged broadleaf weeds. Apply as a preplant burndown treatment.

Pyroxasulfone ethyl

0.08–0.11

(Zidua Herbicide)

1.5–2.0 oz

15

Broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply after drag-off and before potato and weed emergence. No PHI between a preemergence application and harvest. Efficacy is decreased if the untreated soil is exposed.

Rimsulfuron

0.016–0.023

(Matrix) 25 DF

1.0–1.5 oz

2

Apply immediately after drag-off. Rainfall or sprinkler irrigation 0.3–1.0 inches required with 5 days after application. No more than 2.0 oz/A per year.

S-metolachlor

0.95–1.9

(Dual Magnum) 7.62 EC

1.0–2.0 pt

15

Annual broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply after drag-off before crop and weed emergence. If cool, wet soil conditions occur after application, a delay in maturity and/or reduced yield may occur. PHI 60 days.

Sulfentrazone

0.09–0.14

(Willowood sulfentrazone) 4SC

3.0–4.5 fl oz

14

Broadleaf and grass weed control. Nutsedge suppression. Do not apply on sands with less than 1% organic matter. No more than 8 fl oz/A within a 12-month period. Should be trialed on a small area to find suitable rate for the soil type in your area.

Trifluralin

0.5

(Trust, Treflan TR-10) 10 G

5 lb

(Trifluralin, Treflan) 4 L

1 pt

3

Broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply after drag-off or prior to crop emergence. Incorporate the herbicide into the soil profile. If applied after plant emergence, do not allow soil contact with the emerged plants.

POSTEMERGENCE

Carfentrazone

up to 0.031

(Aim) 1.9 EW

up to 2 fl oz

(Aim) 2.0 EC

up to 2 fl oz

14

Emerged broadleaf weeds. Apply as hooded application to row middles only. Use a COC or NIS at recommended rates. May be tank-mixed with other herbicides. No more than 6.1 fl oz per cropping season. PHI 7 days.

Clethodim

0.09–0.25

0.07–0.25

(Arrow ) 2 EC

6–16 fl oz

(Select Max) 1 EC

9–32 fl oz

1

Perennial and annual grass weeds. In fields with heavy grass pressure or larger grass weeds, use higher rates or repeat application 14 days apart. Use a crop oil concentrate at 1% v/v in the finished spray volume. Nonionic surfactant with Select Max. PHI 30 days.

EPTC

3

3.1–7.9

(Eptam) 20 G

15 lb

(Eptam) 7 E

3.5 to 9 pt

8

Annual broadleaf, grass weeds, and nutsedge. Apply at layby to a clean cultivated soil. Incorporate mechanically or with irrigation. Apply Eptam 7 E after true leaves have formed and apply as a layby treatment. No more than 12.25 lb a.i. per season. PHI 45 days.

Imazosulfuron

0.19–0.3

(League) 75 WG

4–6.4 oz

2

Broadleaf and grass weeds. No more than 2 applications per year and no more than 6.4 oz/A per year. PHI 45 days.

Metribuzin

0.23–0.5

(Tricor) 75 DF

0.3–0.6 lb

5

Broadleaf and grass weeds. Do not apply to early smooth-skinned, red-skinned, and other specified varieties on the label. No more than 1.3 lb/A. PHI 60 days.

Pelargonic acid

(Scythe) 4.2 EC

3%–10% v/v

27

Emerged broadleaf and grass weeds. Direct spray to row middles. Product is a contact, nonselective, foliar-applied herbicide with no residual control. May be tank-mixed with several soil residual compounds.

Rimsulfuron

0.016–0.023

(Matrix) 25 DF

1.0–1.5 oz

2

Apply immediately after drag-off. Rainfall or sprinkler irrigation 0.3–1.0 inches required within 5 days after application. Apply as a sequential treatment 14–28 days after the first application. No more than 2.0 oz/A per year.

Sethoxydim

0.28–0.47

(Poast) 1.5 EC

1.5–2.5 pt

1

Control growing grass weeds. No more than 5.0 pt/A per year. Include a crop oil concentrate. Unsatisfactory results may occur if applied to grass under stress. PHI 30 days.

Aphids

1A

*Lannate LV; *SP

(methomyl)

LV: 1.5–3.0 pt

SP: 0.5–1.0 lb

48

6

No more than 10 applications per crop. No more than 15 pt/A (LV) or 5 lb/A (SP) per crop.

1B

Dimethoate 4EC

(dimethoate)

0.5–1.0 pt

48

Mechanically harvested: 0

Otherwise: 14

Highly toxic to bees. No more than 2 pt/A per year.

1B

Malathion 5EC, 8F

(malathion)

5EC: 1.5–2.5 pt

8F: 1–1.5 pt

12

0

No more than 2 applications per year.

3A

*Ambush 25W

(permethrin)

3.2–12.8 oz

12

14

No more than 1.6 lb a.i. per season (102.4 oz).

3A

*Asana XL (0.66 EC)

(esfenvalerate)

2.9–9.6 fl oz

12

7

No more than 0.35 lb a.i./A per season (7 applications at highest rate).

3A

*Mustang Maxx

(zeta-cypermethrin)

3.2–4.0 oz

12

1

No more than 24 fl oz/A per season.

3A

*Pounce 25 WP

(permethrin)

6.4–12.8 oz

12

14

No more than 0.8 lb a.i./A.

3A

Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0

(pyrethrins)

4.5–18.0 fl oz

12

0

Harmful to bees. Degrades rapidly in sunlight. Good coverage essential. OMRI-listed.²

3A

*Warrior II

(lambda-cyhalothrin)

0.96–1.92 fl oz

24

7

Only exposed insects can be controlled. No more than 7.68 fl oz/A.

3A + 4A

*Endigo ZC

(lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam)

3.5–4.5 fl oz

24

14

No more than 10 fl oz/A. Do not use with other Group 4A insecticides.

4A

Actara

(thiamethoxam)

1.5–3.0 oz

12

14

Toxic to bees. Do not use following soil application of other Group 4A insecticides. No more than 6 oz/A per season.

4A

Admire Pro

(imidacloprid)

Soil: 5.7–8.7 fl oz

Seed piece treatment: 3.5–7.0 fl oz/100 lb seed

Foliar: 1.3 fl oz

12

At planting: see label for options.

Foliar: 7

No more than 0.31 lb a.i./A. Seed piece rate is based on seeding rate of 2000 lb/A.

Foliar: No more than 5.6 fl oz per year for foliar applications.

4A

Assail 30SG

(acetamiprid)

1.5–4.0 oz

12

7

No more than 4 applications . No more than 0.3 lb a.i./A (16 oz/A).

4A

Belay Insecticide

(clothianidin)

In-furrow or sidedress application: 9–12 fl oz

Foliar: 2–3 fl oz

12

Soil: at planting, sidedress, or hilling

Foliar: 14

See label for in-furrow, sidedress, and seed-piece applications. Do not apply during bloom or allow to drift to flowering plants. Toxic to bees for 5 days after application.

4A

Platinum 75SG

(thiamethoxam)

1.66–2.67 oz

12

Applied at planting or at plant emergence.

To manage resistance, avoid using other Group 4A insecticides in conjunction with Platinum. No more than 1 soil application per year.

4A

Scorpion 35SL

(dinotefuran)

Foliar: 2–2.75 fl oz

Soil: 11.5–13.25 fl oz

12

Foliar: 7

Soil: see label

Apply as foliar or soil application, but not both. No more than 8 fl oz/A per season for foliar applications or 13.25 fl oz for soil applications. Do not apply where bees are foraging. Toxic to bees for 38 hr after application.

4A

Venom Insecticide

(dinotefuran)

Foliar: 1–1.5 oz

Soil: 6.5–7.5 oz

12

Foliar: 7

Soil: at planting

No more than 4.5 oz/A per season to foliage. No more than 1 soil application, either preplant, preemergence, or at ground crack. Do not use with other Group 4A insecticides. Do not apply where bees are foraging. Toxic to bees for 38 hr after application.

4A + 3A

Leverage

(imidacloprid + cyfluthrin)

3–3.75 fl oz

7

Leverage should not be used in fields treated with Admire Pro or other 4A products. There have been reports of low levels of resistance to imidacloprid. To minimize selection for resistance, do not use foliar applications of any IRAC MOA class 4A insecticides if any of these compounds were applied to the crop as soil or seed-piece treatments. Utilize crop rotation and insecticide rotation to minimize Colorado potato beetle resistance.

4C

Transform WG

(sulfoxaflor)

0.75–1.0 oz

24

7

Bloom and tank-mix restrictions apply. No more than 8.5 oz/A per season.

4D

Sivanto Prime

(flupyradifurone)

7–14 fl oz

4

7

Reapplications at least 7 days apart. No more than 28 fl oz/A per year.

9B

Fulfill

(pymetrozine)

2.75–5.5 oz

12

14

Apply when aphids first appear. No more than 11.0 oz/A per season.

9B

PQZ

(pyrifluquinazon)

2.4–3.2 fl oz

12

7

Reapplications at least 7 days apart. No more than 9.6 fl oz/A per season.

21A

Torac

(tolfenpyrad)

17–21 fl oz

12

1

Do not apply until 14 days after emergence. No more than 42 fl oz/A per season.

23

Movento

(spirotetramat)

4.0–5.0 fl oz

24

7

No more than 10 fl oz/A per season.

28

Exirel

(cyazypyr)

13.5–20.5 fl oz

12

1

No more than 0.4 lb a.i./A of cyazypyr- or cyantraniliprole-containing products per crop whether applications are made to foliage or soil.

28

Verimark

(cyazypyr)

Soil: 13.5 fl oz at planting

4

N/A—applied at planting

–

29

Beleaf 50 SG

(flonicamid)

2.0–2.8 oz

12

7

Begin applications before pest populations reach damaging levels. No more than 8.4 oz/A per season.

Beetles: blister beetles, flea beetles, Colorado potato beetles, cucumber beetles, white-fringed beetles

1A

*Lannate LV; *SP

(methomyl)

LV: 1.5–3.0 pt

SP: 0.5–1.0 lb

48

6

No more than 10 applications per crop or 15 pt/A (LV) or 5 lb/A (SP) per crop.

1A

Sevin XLR, 4F; 80S

(carbaryl)

XLR, 4F: 0.5–2.0 qt

80S: 0.63–2.5 lb

12

7

No more than a total of 6 qt (4F, XLR) or 7.5 lb (80S).

1B

Imidan 70 W

(phosment)

1.3 lb

5 days

7

Use only on potatoes to be harvested by machine. Do not apply where bees are foraging.

1B

*Thimet 20 G

(phorate)

See label—varies with soil type and time of application.

48

90

No more than 1 application per season.

3A

*Ambush 25W

(permethrin)

3.2–12.8 oz

12

14

No more than 1.6 lb a.i. (102.4 oz).

3A

*Asana XL (0.66 EC)

(esfenvalerate)

2.9–9.6 fl oz

12

7

No more than 0.35 lb a.i./A (7 applications at highest rate).

3A

*Baythroid XL

(beta-cyfluthrin)

0.8–2.8 fl oz

12

0

Reapplications at least 5 days apart. No more than 16.8 fl oz/A per season.

3A

*Brigade 2 EC

(bifenthrin)

Soil: 9.6–19.2 oz at plant and 3.2–9.6 oz at lay-by

Foliar: 2.1–6.4 oz

12

21

No more than 2 foliar applications. Reapplications at least 21 days apart. No more than 0.5 lb a.i./A, including soil applications.

3A

*Mustang Maxx

(zeta-cypermethrin)

1.76–4.0 oz

12

1

No more than 24 fl oz/A per season may be applied. Consult label for use rate on specific species.

3A

*Pounce 25 WP

(permethrin)

6.4–12.8 oz

12

14

No more than 0.8 lb a.i./A.

3A

Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0

(pyrethrins)

4.5–18.0 fl oz

12

0

Harmful to bees. Degrades rapidly in sunlight. Good coverage essential. OMRI-listed.²

3A

*Warrior II

(lambda-cyhalothrin)

0.96–1.92 fl oz

24

7

Only exposed insects can be controlled. No more than 7.68 fl oz/A per season.

3A + 4A

*Endigo ZC

(lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam)

3.5–4.5 fl oz

24

14

No more than 10 fl oz/A per growing season. Do not use with other Group 4A insecticides.

3A + 28

*Besiege

(lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole)

5–9 oz

24

14

No more than 27.0 fl oz/A .

4A

Actara

(thiamethoxam)

1.5–3.0 oz

12

14

Toxic to bees. Do not use following soil application of other Group 4A insecticides. No more than 6 oz/A per season.

4A

Admire Pro

(imidacloprid)

Soil: 5.7–8.7 fl oz

Seed piece: 3.5–7.0 fl oz/100 lb seed

Foliar: 1.3 fl oz

12

At planting: see label for options

Foliar: 7

No more than 0.31 lb a.i./A. Seed piece rate is based on seeding rate of 2000 lb/A.

Foliar: No more than 5.6 fl oz per year.

4A

Assail 30SG

(acetamiprid)

1.5–4.0 oz

12

7

No more than 4 applications . No more than 0.3 lb a.i./A (16 oz/A) .

4A

Belay Insecticide

(clothianidin)

In-furrow or sidedress: 9–12 fl oz

Foliar: 2–3 fl oz

12

Foliar: 14

At planting or sidedress or spray: at ground crack over row at hilling

See label for in-furrow, sidedress, and seed-piece applications. Do not apply during bloom or allow to drift to flowering plants. Toxic to bees for 5 days after application.

4A

Platinum 75SG

(thiamethoxam)

1.66–2.67 oz

12

Applied at planting or at plant emergence

To manage resistance, avoid using other Group 4A insecticides in conjunction with Platinum. No more than 1 soil application per year.

4A

Scorpion 35SL

(dinotefuran)

Foliar: 2–2.75 fl oz

Soil: 11.5–13.25 fl oz

12

Foliar: 7

Soil: see label

Apply as foliar or soil application, but not both. No more than 8 fl oz/A per season for foliar use or 13.25 fl oz for soil. Do not apply where bees are foraging. Toxic to bees for 38 hr after application.

4A

Venom Insecticide

(dinotefuran)

Foliar: 1–1.5 oz

Soil: 6.5–7.5 oz

12

Foliar: 7

Soil: at planting

No more than 4.5 oz/A per season to foliage. No more than 1 soil application, either preplant, preemergence, or at ground crack. Do not use with other Group 4A insecticides. Do not apply where bees are foraging. Toxic to bees for 38 hr after application.

4A + 28

Voliam Flexi

(thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole)

4 oz

12

14

No more than 2 applications.

4D

Sivanto Prime

(flupyradifurone)

7–14 fl oz

4

7

Reapplications at least 7 days apart. No more than 28 fl oz/A per year.

5

Entrust SC

(spinosad)

3–10 fl oz

4

7

Do not apply to consecutive generations of Colorado potato beetle. No more than 21 fl oz/A per season. No more than 4 applications per crop. OMRI-listed.²

5

Radiant SC

(spinetoram)

4.5–8 fl oz

4

7

No more than 4 applications per year.

15

Rimon 0.83EC

(novaluron)

6–12 fl oz

12

14

No more than 24 oz/A per season. Does not affect adult insects.

17

Trigard

(cyromazine)

2.66–5.32 oz

12

7

Most effective for control of 1st and 2nd instar larvae. Does not control adult CPB. Use lower rate for leafminers. No more than 1.0 lb/A per season.

21A

Torac

(tolfenpyrad)

17–21 fl oz

12

1

Do not apply until 14 days after emergence. No more than 42 fl oz/A per season.

22

Avaunt eVo

(indoxacarb)

2.5–6.0 oz

12

7

No more than 24 oz/A per crop.

28

Coragen

(rynaxypyr)

3.5–5.0 fl oz

4

14

No more than 15.4 fl oz/A per crop per season. Foliar or overhead sprinkler irrigation systems only.

28

Verimark

(cyazypyr)

6.75–13.5 fl oz

4

N/A—applied at planting

No more than 13.5 fl oz/A at planting. pH of application solution must be between 4 and 6.

Caterpillars; armyworms, webworms, cutworms, loopers, corn earworms

1A

*Lannate LV; *SP

(methomyl)

LV: 1.5–3.0 pt

SP: 0.5–1.0 lb

48

6

No more than 10 applications per crop. No more than 15 pt/A (LV) or 5 lb/A (SP) per crop.

1A

Sevin XLR, 4F; 80 S

(carbaryl)

XLR, 4F: 0.5–2.0 qt

80S: 0.63–2.5 lb

12

7

No more than a total of 6 qt (4F, XLR) or 7.5 lb (80S).

3A

*Asana XL (0.66 EC)

(esfenvalerate)

2.9–9.6 fl oz

12

7

No more than 0.35 lb a.i./A per season (7 applications at highest rate).

3A

*Baythroid XL

(beta-cyfluthrin)

0.8–2.8 fl oz

12

0

Reapplications at least 5 days apart. No more than 16.8 fl oz/A.

3A

*Mustang Maxx

(zeta-cypermethrin)

1.76–4.0 oz

12

1

No more than 24 fl oz/A. Rates vary depending on the pest species.

3A

*Pounce 25 WP

(permethrin)

6.4–12.8 oz

12

14

No more than 0.8 lb a.i./A per season.

3A

Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0

(pyrethrins)

4.5–18.0 fl oz

12

0

Harmful to bees. Degrades rapidly in sunlight. Good coverage essential. OMRI-listed.²

3A

*Warrior II

(lambda-cyhalothrin)

0.96–1.92 fl oz

24

7

Only exposed insects can be controlled. No more than 7.68 fl oz/A.

5

Entrust SC

(spinosad)

3–10 fl oz

4

7

No more than 21 fl oz/A per season. No more than 4 applications per crop. OMRI-listed.²

5

Radiant SC

(spinetoram)

4.5–8 fl oz

4

7

No more than 4 applications per year.

11A

DiPel DF

(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki)

0.5–2.0 lb

4

0

Treat when larvae are young. Good coverage is essential. For organic production.

11A

Xentari DF

(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai)

0.5–2.0 lb

4

0

Treat when larvae are young. Thorough coverage is essential. May be used in the greenhouse. Can be used in organic production.

15

Rimon 0.83EC

(novaluron)

6–12 fl oz

12

14

No more than 24 oz/A per season. Does not affect adult insects.

22

Avaunt eVo

(indoxacarb)

2.5–6.0 oz/A

12

3

No more than 4 applications per year.

22

Avaunt 30WG

(indoxacarb)

2.5–6.0 oz/A

12

7

No more than 24 oz/A per crop.

28

Coragen

(rynaxypyr)

3.5–7.5 fl oz

4

14

No more than 15.4 fl oz/A per crop . Foliar or overhead sprinkler irrigation systems only.

28

Exirel

(cyazypyr)

10–17 fl oz

12

1

No more than 0.4 lb a.i./A of cyazypyr- or cyantraniliprole-containing products per crop whether applications are made to foliage or soil.

28 + 6

Minecto Pro

(cyantraniliprole + abamectin)

5.5–10 fl oz

12

7

Must add an adjuvant. Check label for use requirements.

European corn borer

3A

Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0

(pyrethrins)

4.5–18.0 fl oz

12

0

Harmful to bees. Degrades rapidly in sunlight. Good coverage essential. OMRI-listed.²

5

Radiant SC

(spinetoram)

4.5–8 fl oz

4

7

No more than 4 applications per year.

22

Avaunt eVo

(indoxacarb)

2.5–3.5 oz

12

3

No more than 4 applications per year.

22

Avaunt 30WG

(indoxacarb)

2.5–6.0 oz

12

7

No more than 24 oz/A per crop.

28

Coragen

(rynaxypyr)

3.5–7.5 fl oz

4

14

No more than 15.4 fl oz/A per crop per season. Foliar or overhead sprinkler irrigation systems only.

28

Exirel

(cyazypyr)

5–20.5 fl oz

CPG: 5–13.5 fl oz

Flea beetles: 13.5–20.5 fl oz

12

1

No more than 0.4 lb a.i./A of cyazypyr- or cyantraniliprole-containing products per crop whether applications are made to foliage or soil.

Fire ants

6

Clinch

(abamectin)

1 lb

12

0

Apply when ants are actively foraging. Apply after dew or rainfall has dried for maximum effectiveness. Do not apply if rainfall is anticipated within 4–6 hr. No more than 4 applications per year.

7A

Extinguish

(S-methoprene)

1.0–1.5 lb

4

0

Slow-acting IGR (insect growth regulator). Best applied early spring and fall where crop will be grown. Colonies will be reduced after 3 weeks and eliminated after 8–10 weeks. May be applied by ground equipment or aerially.

Leaf-footed bugs, plant bugs, stink bugs, mealybugs, false chinch bugs

1A

Sevin XLR, 4F; 80S

(carbaryl)

XLR, 4F: 0.5–2.0 qt

80S: 0.63–2.5 lb

12

7

No more than a total of 6 qt (4F, XLR) or 7.5 lb (80S).

1B

Malathion 5EC, 8F

(malathion)

5EC: 1.5–2.5 pt

8F: 1–1.5 pt

12

0

No more than 2 applications per year.

3A

*Asana XL (0.66 EC)

(esfenvalerate)

2.9–9.6 fl oz

12

7

No more than 0.35 lb a.i./A per season (7 applications at highest rate).

3A

Aza-Direct

(azadirachtin)

1–2 pt, up to 3.5 pt if needed

4

0

Antifeedant, repellant, IGR. OMRI-listed.²

3A

*Baythroid XL

(beta-cyfluthrin)

0.8–2.8 fl oz

12

0

Reapplications at least 5 days apart. No more than 16.8 fl oz/A per season.

3A

*Mustang

(zeta-cypermethrin)

–

12

1

No more than 0.3 lb a.i./A per season.

3A

*Pounce 25 WP

(permethrin)

6.4–12.8 oz

12

14

No more than 0.8 lb a.i./A per season.

3A

Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0

(pyrethrins)

4.5–18.0 fl oz

12

0

Harmful to bees. Degrades rapidly in sunlight. Good coverage essential. OMRI-listed.²

3A

*Warrior II

(lambda-cyhalothrin)

0.96–1.92 fl oz

24

7

Only exposed insects can be controlled. No more than 7.68 fl oz/A .

3A + 4A

*Endigo ZC

(lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam)

3.5–4.5 fl oz

24

14

No more than 10 fl oz/A. Do not use with other Group 4A insecticides.

3A + 28

*Besiege

(lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole)

5–9 oz

24

14

No more than 27.0 fl oz/A.

4A

Actara

(thiamethoxam)

1.5–3.0 oz

12

14

Toxic to bees. Do not use following soil application of other Group 4A insecticides. No more than 6 oz/A per season.

29

Beleaf 50 SG

(flonicamid)

2.0–2.8 oz

12

7

Begin applications before pest populations reach damaging levels. No more than 8.4 oz/A per season.

Leafhoppers

1A

*Lannate LV; *SP

(methomyl)

LV: 1.5–3.0 pt

SP: 0.5–1.0 lb

48

6

No more than 10 applications per crop. No more than 15 pt/A (LV) or 5 lb/A (SP) per crop.

1A

Sevin XLR, 4F; 80 S

(carbaryl)

XLR, 4F: 0.5–2.0 qt

80S: 0.63–2.5 lb

12

7

No more than a total of 6 qt (4F, XLR) or 7.5 lb (80S).

1B

Dimethoate 4EC

(dimethoate)

0.5–1.0 pt

48

Mechanically harvested: 0

Otherwise: 14

Highly toxic to bees. No more than 2 pt/A per year.

1B

Imidan 70 W

(phosment)

1.3 lb

5 days

7

Use only on potatoes to be harvested by machine. Do not apply where bees are foraging.

1B

Malathion 5EC, 8F

(malathion)

5EC: 1.5–2.5 pt

8F: 1–1.5 pt

12

0

No more than 2 applications per year.

1B

*Thimet 20 G

(phorate)

See label—varies with soil type and time of application.

48

90

No more than 1 application per season.

3A

*Asana XL (0.66 EC)

(esfenvalerate)

2.9–9.6 fl oz

12

7

No more than 0.35 lb a.i./A per season (7 applications at highest rate).

3A

*Baythroid XL

(beta-cyfluthrin)

0.8–2.8 fl oz

12

0

Reapplications at least 5 days apart. No more than 16.8 fl oz/A per season.

3A

*Mustang Maxx

(zeta-cypermethrin)

1.76–4.0 oz

12

1

No more than 24 fl/A per season.

3A

*Pounce 25 WP

(permethrin)

6.4–12.8 oz

12

14

No more than 0.8 lb a.i./A per season.

3A

Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0

(pyrethrins)

4.5–18.0 fl oz

12

0

Harmful to bees. Degrades rapidly in sunlight. Good coverage essential. OMRI-listed.²

3A

*Warrior II

(lambda-cyhalothrin)

0.96–1.92 fl oz

24

7

Only exposed insects can be controlled. No more than 7.68 fl oz/A per season.

3A + 4A

*Endigo ZC

(lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam)

3.5–4.5 fl oz

24

14

No more than 10 fl oz/A per growing season. Do not use with other Group 4A insecticides.

3A + 28

*Besiege

(lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole)

5–9 oz

24

14

No more than 27.0 fl oz/A per season.

4A

Admire Pro

(imidacloprid)

Soil: 5.7–8.7 fl oz

Seed piece: 3.5–7.0 fl oz/100 lb seed

Foliar: 1.3 fl oz

12

At planting: see label for options.

Foliar: 7

No more than 0.31 lb a.i./A . Seed-piece rate is based on seeding rate of 2000 lb/A.

Foliar: No more than 5.6 fl oz.

4A

Platinum 75SG

(thiamethoxam)

1.66–2.67 oz

12

Applied at planting or at plant emergence

To manage resistance, avoid using other Group 4A insecticides in conjunction with Platinum. No more than 1 soil application per year.

4A

Scorpion 35SL

(dinotefuran)

Foliar: 2–2.75 fl oz

Soil: 11.5–13.25 fl oz

12

Foliar: 7

Soil: see label

Apply as foliar or soil application, but not both. No more than 8 oz/A for foliar use. No more than 13.25 fl oz for soil. Do not apply where bees are foraging. Toxic to bees for 38 hr after application.

4A

Venom Insecticide

(dinotefuran)

Foliar: 1–1.5 oz

Soil: 6.5–7.5 oz

12

Foliar: 7

Soil: at planting

No more than 4.5 oz/A per season to foliage. No more than 1 soil application, either preplant, preemergence, or at ground crack. Do not use with other Group 4A insecticides. Do not apply where bees are foraging. Toxic to bees for 38 hr after application.

4A + 28

Voliam Flexi

(thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole)

4 oz

12

14

No more than 2 applications.

4C

Transform WG

(sulfoxaflor)

0.75–1.0 oz

24

7

Bloom and tank-mix restrictions apply. No more than 8.5 oz/A per season.

4D

Sivanto Prime

(flupyradifurone)

7–14 fl oz

4

7

Reapplications at least 7 days apart. No more than 28 fl oz/A.

21A

Torac

(tolfenpyrad)

17–21 fl oz

12

1

Do not apply until 14 days after emergence. No more than 42 fl oz/A .

28 + 6

Minecto Pro

(cyantraniliprole + abamectin)

5.5–10 fl oz

12

7

Must add an adjuvant. Check label for use requirements.

Leafminer

3A

Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0

(pyrethrins)

4.5–18.0 fl oz

12

0

Harmful to bees. Degrades rapidly in sunlight. Good coverage essential. OMRI-listed.²

5

Entrust SC

(spinosad)

3–10 fl oz

4

7

Do not apply to consecutive generations of Colorado potato beetle. No more 21 fl oz/A per season. No more than 4 applications per crop. OMRI-listed.²

5

Radiant SC

(spinetoram)

4.5–8 fl oz

4

7

No more than 4 applications per year.

6

*Agri-Mek SC

(abamectin)

1.75–3.5 fl oz

12

14

No more than 2 sequential applications. Must be applied with nonionic activator-type wetting, spreading, or penetrating adjuvant. See label for resistance management.

17

Trigard

(cyromazine)

2.66–5.32 oz

12

7

Most effective for control of 1st and 2nd instar larvae. Does not control adult CPB. Use lower rate for leafminers. No more than 1.0 lb/A per season.

21A

Torac

(tolfenpyrad)

17–21 fl oz

12

1

Do not apply until 14 days after emergence. No more than 42 fl oz/A per season.

28

Coragen

(rynaxypyr)

3.5–5.0 fl oz

4

14

No more than 15.4 fl oz/A. Foliar or overhead sprinkler irrigation systems only.

28 + 6

Minecto Pro

(cyantraniliprole + abamectin)

5.5–10 fl oz/A

12

7

Must add an adjuvant. Check label for use requirements.

U

Aza-Direct

(azadirachtin)

1–2 pt, up to 3.5 pt if needed

4

0

Antifeedant, repellant, IGR. OMRI-listed.²

U

Azatin XL

(azadirachtin)

5–21 fl oz

4

0

Antifeedant, repellant, IGR.

U

Suffoil-X

(mineral oil)

1%–2% v/v

4

0

OMRI-listed.²

U

Sun Spray 98.8%, JMS Stylet-Oil, others

(oil, insecticidal)

JMS: 3–6 qt/100 gal

4

0

See label for tank-mix cautions. Organic Stylet-Oil is OMRI-listed.²

Mites

3A

Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0

(pyrethrins)

4.5–18.0 fl oz

12

0

Harmful to bees. Degrades rapidly in sunlight. Good coverage essential. OMRI-listed.²

6

*Agri-Mek SC

(abamectin)

1.75–3.5 fl oz

12

14

No more than 2 sequential applications. Must be applied with nonionic activator-type wetting, spreading, or penetrating adjuvant. See label for resistance management.

23

Oberon 2SC

(spiromesifen)

8–16 fl oz

12

7

No more than 32.0 fl oz/A. No more than 2 applications.

Potato tuberworm

1A

*Lannate LV; *SP

(methomyl)

LV: 1.5–3.0 pt

SP: 0.5–1.0 lb

48

6

No more than 10 applications per crop. No more than 15 pt/A (LV) or 5 lb/A (SP) per crop.

3A

*Ambush 25W

(permethrin)

3.2–12.8 oz

12

14

No more than 1.6 lb a.i. per season (102.4 oz).

3A

*Asana XL (0.66 EC)

(esfenvalerate)

2.9–9.6 fl oz

12

7

No more than 0.35 lb a.i./A per season (7 applications at highest rate).

3A

*Baythroid XL

(beta-cyfluthrin)

0.8–2.8 fl oz

12

0

Reapplications at least 5 days apart. No more than 16.8 fl oz/A per season.

3A

*Pounce 25 WP

(permethrin)

6.4–12.8 oz

12

14

No more than 0.8 lb a.i./A per season.

3A

Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0

(pyrethrins)

4.5–18.0 fl oz

12

0

Harmful to bees. Degrades rapidly in sunlight. Good coverage essential. OMRI-listed.²

3A + 28

*Besiege

(lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole)

5–9 oz

24

14

No more than 27.0 fl oz/A per season.

15

Rimon 0.83EC

(novaluron)

6–12 fl oz

12

14

No more than 24 oz/A per season. Does not affect adult insects.

28

Coragen

(rynaxypyr)

3.5–5.0 fl oz

4

14

No more than 15.4 fl oz/A per crop per season. Foliar or overhead sprinkler irrigation systems only.

Thrips

3A

Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0

(pyrethrins)

4.5–18.0 fl oz

12

0

Harmful to bees. Degrades rapidly in sunlight. Good coverage essential. OMRI-listed.²

5

Entrust SC

(spinosad)

3–10 fl oz

4

7

No more 21 fl oz/A per season. No more than 4 times per crop. OMRI-listed.²

5

Radiant SC

(spinetoram)

4.5–8 fl oz

4

7

No more than 4 applications per year.

21A

Torac

(tolfenpyrad)

17–21 fl oz

12

1

Do not apply until 14 days after emergence. No more than 42 fl oz/A per season.

Whiteflies

4A

Actara

(thiamethoxam)

1.5–3.0 oz

12

14

Toxic to bees. Do not use following soil application of other Group 4A insecticides. No more than 6 oz/A per season.

4A

Admire Pro

(imidacloprid)

Soil: 5.7–8.7 fl oz

Seed piece: 3.5–7.0 fl oz/100 lb seed

Foliar: 1.3 fl oz

12

At planting: see label for options

Foliar: 7

No more than 0.31 lb a.i./A per season. Seed piece rate is based on seeding rate of 2000 lb/A.

Foliar: No more than 5.6 fl oz.

4A

Assail 30SG

(acetamiprid)

1.5–4.0 oz

12

7

No more than 4 applications per season. No more than 0.3 lb a.i./A (16 oz/A) per season.

4A

Belay Insecticide

(clothianidin)

In-furrow or sidedress: 9–12 fl oz

Foliar: 2–3 fl oz

12

Foliar: 14, or at planting or sidedress or spray at ground crack over row at hilling

See label for in-furrow, sidedress and seed-piece applications. Do not apply during bloom or allow to drift to flowering plants. Toxic to bees for 5 days after application.

4A

Platinum 75SG

(thiamethoxam)

1.66–2.67 oz

12

Applied at planting or at plant emergence

To manage resistance, avoid using other Group 4A insecticides in conjunction with Platinum. No more than 1 soil application per year.

4A

Venom Insecticide

(dinotefuran)

Foliar: 1–1.5 oz

Soil: 6.5–7.5 oz

12

Foliar: 7

Soil: at planting

No more than 4.5 oz/A per season to foliage. No more than 1 soil application, either preplant, preemergence, or at ground crack. Do not use with other Group 4A insecticides. Do not apply where bees are foraging. Toxic to bees for 38 hr after application.

4C

Transform WG

(sulfoxaflor)

2.0–2.25 oz

24

7

Bloom and tank-mix restrictions apply. No more than 8.5 oz/A per season.

4D

Sivanto Prime

(flupyradifurone)

7–14 fl oz

4

7

Reapplications at least 7 days apart. No more than 28 fl oz/A.

9B

Fulfill

(pymetrozine)

2.75–5.5 oz

12

14

Apply when whiteflies first appear. No more than 11.0 oz/A .

9B

PQZ

(pyrifluquinazon)

2.4–3.2 fl oz

12

14

No more than 4.8 fl oz/A (0.070 lb a.i.) per year. No more than 2 applications per year.

15

Rimon 0.83EC

(novaluron)

6–12 fl oz

12

14

No more than 24 oz/A per season. Does not affect adult insects.

23

Movento

(spirotetramat)

4.0–5.0 fl oz

24

7

No more than 10 fl oz/A per season.

23

Oberon 2SC

(spiromesifen)

8–16 fl oz

12

7

No more than 32.0 fl oz/A per crop. No more than 2 applications.

28 + 6

Minecto Pro

(cyantraniliprole + abamectin)

10 fl oz/A

12

7

Must add an adjuvant. Check label for use requirements.

Wireworms

1B

*Mocap 15 G, *EC

(ethoprop)

See labels.

48

Preplant or at planting

Use broadcast application for moderate to heavy infestations of wireworms.

1B

*Thimet 20 G

(phorate)

See label—varies with soil type and time of application.

48

90

No more than 1 application per season.

2B

*Regent 4SC

(fipronil)

3.2 fl oz

0

90

Many plant-back restrictions. Only 1 in-furrow application at time of planting. Must be incorporated and covered with soil.

3A

*Brigade 2 EC

(bifenthrin)

Soil at plant: 9.6–19.2 oz

Soil at lay-by: 3.2–9.6 oz

12

21

No more than 0.5 lb a.i./A per season, including soil applications.

3A

Capture LFR

(bifenthrin)

25.5 fl oz

–

–

In-furrow at planting

4A

Admire Pro

(imidacloprid)

Soil treatment: 5.7–8.7 fl oz

Seed-piece treatment: 3.5–7.0 fl oz/100 lb seed

Foliar: 1.3 fl oz

12

At planting: see label for options

Foliar: 7

No more than 0.31 lb a.i./A per season. Seed-piece rate is based on seeding rate of 2000 lb/A.

Foliar: No more than 5.6 fl oz per year for foliar applications.

4A

Belay Insecticide

(clothianidin)

In-furrow or sidedress application: 9–12 fl oz

12

Foliar: 14, or at planting or sidedress or spray at ground crack over row at hilling

See label for in-furrow, sidedress, and seed-piece applications.

4A

Platinum 75SG

(thiamethoxam)

1.66–2.67 oz

12

Applied at planting or at plant emergence

To manage resistance, avoid using other Group 4A insecticides in conjunction with Platinum. No more than 1 soil application per year. For wireworms: seed-piece only.

¹Mode of Action (MOA) codes for plant pest insecticides from the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) Mode of Action Classification v. 11.1 January 2024. Number codes are used to distinguish the main insecticide mode of action groups, with additional letters for certain subgroups within each main group. All insecticides within the same group (with the same number) indicate the same active ingredient or a similar mode of action. This information must be considered for the insecticide resistance management decisions. U = unknown, or a mode of action that has not been classified yet.

²Information provided in this table applies only to Florida. Be sure to read a current product label before applying any product. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial products or services in the publication does not imply endorsement by UF/IFAS Extension nor discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. OMRI-listed: Listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute for use in organic production.

* Restricted use insecticide.

Botrytis gray mold

M3

(mancozeb)

Many brands available: Dithane DF Rainshield, Dithane F45 Rainshield, Dithane M45, Fortuna 75WDG, Koverall, Mancozeb Flowable, Manzate Pro-Stick, Nubark Mancozeb, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP, Roper DF Rainshield

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

3

1

–

M3 + M5

Elixir

(mancozeb + chlorothalonil)

2 lb

18 lb

7

1

Suppression.

M5

(chlorothalonil)

Many brands available: Bravo Ultrex, Bravo ZN, Bravo Weather Stik 6L, Chloronil 720, Chlorothalonil 720SC, Echo 720, Echo 90DF, Echo ZN, Equus DF, Equus 500 ZN, Equus 720SST, Initiate 720, Initiate ZN, Orondis Opti B

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

7

0.5

–

M5 + 49

Orondis Opti

(chlorothalonil + oxathiapiprolin)

2.5 pt

10 pt per year

7

0.5

See label.

3

Quash

(metconazole)

2.5 oz

7.5 oz

1

0.5

Follow resistance management recommendations on label.

3 + 11

Delaro

(prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin)

11.4 oz

22.8 oz

14

0.5

–

7

Endura 70WP

(boscalid)

10 oz

20 oz

10

0.5

No more than 4 applications at low rate or 2 applications at high rate.

7

Vertisan

(penthiopyrad)

24 fl oz

72 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

3 + 7

Luna Pro

(fluopyram + protioconazole)

10 fl oz

20 fl oz per year

14

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

7 + 9

Luna Tranquility

(fluopyram + pyrimethanil)

11.2 fl oz

43.6 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications. Suppression.

7 + 11

Priaxor

(fluxapyroxad)

8 fl oz

24 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

9

Scala SC

(pyrimethanil)

7 fl oz

35 fl oz

7

0.5

Use only in a tank-mix with labeled fungicide for early blight.

9 + 12

Alerity 62.5 WG

(cyprodinil + fludioxonil)

14 oz

56 oz

0

0.5

–

11 + 4

Quadris Ridomil Gold

(azoxystrobin + mefenoxam)

0.82 fl oz/1000 ft of row

See label

0

Apply at planting. Suppression.

12 + 7

Miravis Prime

(fludioxonil + pydiflumetofen)

11.4 fl oz

34.2 fl oz per year

14

0.5

–

Early blight

(Alternaria solani)

M1

(copper compounds)

Many brands available: Americop, Badge SC, Badge X2, Basic Copper 53, COC DF, COCS WDG, COC WP, Champ DP Dry Prill, Champ 2 FL, Champion WP, Champ WG, Copper-Count-N, Copper sulfate crystals, Copper-Z 4/4, Cueva, Cuprofix MZ Disperss, Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss, Kentan DF, Kocide 2000, Kocide 3000, Kocide DF, Nordox 75WG, Nu-Cop 3L, Nu-Cop 50DF, Nu Cop 50WP, Nu-Cop HB, Quimag Copper Sulfate Crystal

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

Varies by product from 0–1 day

Varies by product from 4 hr to 2 days

–

M1 + M3

ManKocide 61.1DF

(copper hydroxide + mancozeb)

5 lb

74.66 lb

3

2

–

M3

(mancozeb)

Many brands available: Dithane DF Rainshield, Dithane F45 Rainshield, Dithane M45, Fortuna 75WDG, Koverall, Mancozeb Flowable, Manzate Pro-Stick, Nubark Mancozeb, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP, Roper DF Rainshield

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

3

1

No more than 11.2 lb a.i. per crop.

M3

Polyram 80DF

(metiram)

2 lb

14 lb

3

1

No more than 7 applications per season.

M3 + M5

Elixir

(mancozeb + chlorothalonil)

2 lb

18 lb

7

1

–

M5

(chlorothalonil)

Many brands available: Bravo Ultrex, Bravo Weather Stik 6L, Bravo ZN, Chloronil 720, Chlorothalonil 720SC, Echo 720, Echo 90DF, Echo ZN, Equus 500 ZN, Equus 720SST, Equus DF, Initiate 720, Initiate ZN, Orondis Opti B

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

7

0.5

Read label for application directions.

M5 + 27

Cymbol Advance

(chlorothalonil + cymoxanil)

2.0 pt

17.5 pt per year

14

0.5

–

M5 + 49

Orondis Opti

(chlorothalonil + oxathiapiprolin)

2.5 pt

10 pt per year

7

0.5

See label.

2

Nevado 4F

Rovral 4F

(iprodione)

2 pt

8 pt

14

1

No more than 4 applications per crop. See individual See label for additional information.

3

Provysol

(mefentrifluconazole)

5 fl oz

15 fl oz

7

0.5

–

3

Quash

(metconazole)

2.5 oz

7.5 oz

1

0.5

Follow resistance management recommendations on label.

3 + 7

Luna Pro

(fluopyram + protioconazole)

10 fl oz

20 fl oz per year

14

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

3 + 11

Delaro

(prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin)

11.4 oz

22.8 oz

14

0.5

–

3 + 11

Veltyma

(mefentrifluconazole + pyraclostrobin)

10 fl oz

30 fl oz

7

0.5

–

4 + M3

Ridomil Gold MZ

(mancozeb + mefenoxam)

2.5 lb

See label.

3

2

Also labeled for storage rots (Pink Rot and Leak).

4 + M5

Ridomil Gold Bravo SC

(chlorothalonil + mefenoxam)

2.5 pt

See label.

14

2

No more than 4 applications per crop. Also labeled for storage rots (Pink Rot and Leak).

7

Endura 70WP

(boscalid)

10 oz

20 oz

10

0.5

No more than 4 applications at low rate or 2 applications at high rate.

7

Velum Prime

(fluopyram)

See label for ground or aerial application rates.

See label for ground or aerial application rates.

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

7

Vertisan

(penthiopyrad)

24 fl oz

72 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

7 +7

Velum Rise

(penflufen + fluopyram)

13 fl oz

13 fl oz per year

–

0.5

See label for application information to apply as soil treatment

7 + 9

Luna Tranquility

(fluopyram + pyrimethanil)

11.2 fl oz

43.6 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

7 + 11

Priaxor

(fluxapyroxad)

8 fl oz

24 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

9

Scala SC

(pyrimethanil)

7 fl oz

35 fl oz

7

0.5

Use only in a tank-mix with labeled fungicide for early blight.

9

Vango WG

(cyprodinil)

7 oz

28 oz

0

0.5

–

9 + 12

Alerity 62.5 WG

(cyprodinil + fludioxonil)

14 oz

56 oz

0

0.5

–

11

Many brands available: Acadia LCF, Aframe, AzoxysSar, Azoxyzone, , Satori, Trevo, Quadris,

(azoxystrobin)

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

–

–

–

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry. See label for soilborne disease applications.

11

Aproach

(picoxystrobin)

12 fl oz

36 fl oz

3

0.5

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry.

11

Evito 480SC

Aftershock

(fluoxastrobin)

3.8 fl oz

22.8 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 6 applications per crop. Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry.

11

Gem 500SC

Flint Extra

Trilex

(trifloxystrobin)

3.8 fl oz

23 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 6 applications per crop. Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry.

11

Headline 2.09F

(pyraclostrobin)

12 fl oz

72 fl oz

3

0.5

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry.

11

Reason 500SC

(fenamidone)

8.2 fl oz

24.6 fl oz

14

0.5

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry.

11 + M5

Quadris Opti

(azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil)

1.6 pt

See label.

14

0.5

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry.

11 + 3

Amistar Top

Acadia ESQ

Quadris Top

(azoxystrobin + difenoconazole)

14 fl oz

55.3 fl oz

14

0.5

No more than 2 consecutive applications before switching to another effective fungicide with a different mode of action.

12 + 7

Miravis Prime

(fludioxonil + pydiflumetofen)

11.4 fl oz

34.2 fl oz per year

14

0.5

–

19

OSO 5%SC

(polyoxin D zinc salt)

13 fl oz

78 fl oz

0

4 hr

–

19

Ph-D

(polyoxin D zinc salt)

6.2 oz

31 oz

0

0

No more than 5 applications per season. Alternate with fungicides that have different modes of action.

22 + M3

Gavel 75DF

(zoxamide + mancozeb)

2.0 lb

12 lb

3

2

This product contains 66.7% mancozeb, so do not exceed maximum allowed for mancozeb considering this and other mancozeb-containing products.

22 + M5

Zing!

(zoxamide + chlorothalonil)

34 fl oz

1.52 lb zoxamide and 8.8 lb chlorothalonil

7

0.5

No more than 2 consecutive applications before switching to another effective fungicide with a different mode of action.

27 + M5

Ariston

(cymoxanil + chlorothalonil)

2 pt

17.5 pt cymoxanil and 11.25 lb a.i. chlorothalonil

14

0.5

–

27 + 11

Tanos

(cymoxanil + famoxadone)

8 oz

48 oz

14

0.5

Do not make consecutive applications. Rotate to material with different mode of action.

28

Previcur Flex

(propamocarb hydrochloride)

1.2 pt

6.0 pt

14

0.5

Use with a tank mix. See label for seed-piece treatment.

30

Agri Tin

(triphenyltin hydroxide)

3.75 oz

11.5 oz

7

2

–

30

Super-Tin 4L

(triphenyltin hydroxide)

6 fl oz

18 fl oz

7

2

For use with closed tractor cabs only. Super-Tin should be tank-mixed with another fungicide.

40 + 3

Revus Top

(mandipropamid + difenoconazole)

7 fl oz

28 fl oz

14

0.5

No more than 2 consecutive applications.

Fusarium tuber rot

M3

(mancozeb)

Many brands available: Dithane DF Rainshield, Dithane F45 Rainshield, Dithane M45, Fortuna 75WDG, Koverall, Mancozeb Flowable, Manzate Pro-Stick, Nubark Mancozeb, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP, Roper DF Rainshield

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

3

1

See label for seed-piece treatment.

1

Mertect 340-F

(thiabendazole)

0.42 fl oz/2,000 lb of tuber

–

–

0.5

–

7 + 3

Emesto Silver

(penflufen + prothioconazole)

0.31 fl oz/100 lb seed pieces

–

–

–

See label for seed-piece treatment.

12

Dyna-Shield

Fludioxonil

Maxim

(fludioxonil)

See label.

–

–

–

See label for equipment requirements.

27 + M3 + 1

Evolve

(cymoxanil + mancozeb + thiophanate-methyl)

0.75 lb/100 lb cut seed pieces

–

–

1

Potato seed-piece treatment.

Late blight

(Phytophthora infestans)

M1

(copper compounds)

Many brands available: Americop, Badge SC, Badge X2, Basic Copper 53, COC DF, COCS WDG, COC WP, Champ 2 FL, Champ DP Dry Prill, Champion WP, Champ WG, Copper-Count-N, Copper sulfate crystals, Copper-Z 4/4, Cueva, Cuprofix MZ Disperss, Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss, Kentan DF, Kocide 2000, Kocide 3000, Kocide DF, Nordox 75WG, Nu-Cop 3L, Nu-Cop 50DF, Nu Cop 50WP, Nu-Cop HB, Quimag Copper Sulfate Crystal

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

Varies by product from 0–1 day

Varies by product from 4 hr to 2 days

–

M1 + M3

ManKocide 61.1DF

(copper hydroxide + mancozeb)

5 lb

74.66 lb

3

2

–

M3

(mancozeb)

Many brands available: Dithane DF Rainshield, Dithane F45 Rainshield, Dithane M45, Fortuna 75WDG, Koverall, Mancozeb Flowable, Manzate Pro-Stick, Nubark Mancozeb, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP, Roper DF Rainshield

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

3

1

No more than 11.2 lb a.i. per crop.

M3

Polyram 80DF

(metiram)

2 lb

14 lb

3

1

No more than 7 applications per season.

M3 + M5

Elixir

(mancozeb + chlorothalonil)

2 lb

18 lb

7

1

–

M5

(chlorothalonil)

Many brands available: Bravo Ultrex, Bravo Weather Stik 6L, Bravo ZN, Chloronil 720, Chlorothalonil 720SC, Echo 720, Echo 90DF, Echo ZN, Equus 500 ZN, Equus 720SST, Equus DF, Initiate 720, Initate ZN, Orondis Opti B

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

7

0.5

Read label for application directions.

M5 + 27

Cymbol Advance

(chlorothalonil + cymoxanil)

2.0 pt

17.5 pt per year

14

0.5

–

M5 + 49

Orondis Opti

(chlorothalonil + oxathiapiprolin)

2.5 pt

10 pt per year

7

0.5

See label.

3 + 11

Veltyma

(mefentrifluconazole + pyraclostrobin)

10 fl oz

30 fl oz

7

0.5

–

4 + M1

Ridomil Gold Copper 64.8W

(mefenoxam + copper hydroxide)

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

14

2

No more than 3 applications per crop of this product + other Ridomil products. Add protectant fungicide; see label. Also for storage rots (Pythium leak, Pink Rot)

4 + M3

Ridomil Gold MZ

(mancozeb + mefenoxam)

2.5 lb

See label.

3

2

Also labeled for storage rots (Pink Rot and Leak)

4 + M5

Ridomil Gold Bravo SC

(chlorothalonil + mefenoxam)

2.5 pt

See label.

14

2

No more than 4 applications per crop. Also labeled for storage rots (Pink Rot and Leak)

7 + 11

Priaxor

(fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin)

8 fl oz

24 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

11

Many brands available: Acadia LFC, Aframe, AzoxyStar, Azoxyzone, Quadris Satoria

(azoxystrobin)

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

–

–

–

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry between applications. See label for soilborne disease applications.

11

Evito 480SC

Aftershock

(fluoxastrobin)

3.8 fl oz

22.8 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 6 applications per crop. Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry.

11

Gem 500SC

Flint Extra

(trifloxystrobin)

3.8 fl oz

23 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 6 applications per crop. Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry.

11

Headline

(pyraclostrobin)

12 fl oz

72 fl oz

3

0.5

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry between applications.

11

Reason 500SC

(fenamidone)

8.2 fl oz

24.6 fl oz

14

0.5

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry between applications.

11 + M5

Quadris Opti

(azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil)

1.6 pt

See label

14

0.5

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry between applications.

19

OSO 5%SC

(polyoxin D zinc salt)

13 fl oz

78 fl oz

0

4 hr

Suppression only.

21

Ranman

(cyazofamid)

2.75 fl oz

27.5 fl oz

7

0.5

–

22 + M3

Gavel 75DF

(zoxamide + mancozeb)

2.0 lb

12 lb

3

2

This product contains 66.7% mancozeb, so do not exceed maximum allowed for mancozeb considering this and other mancozeb-containing products.

22 + M5

Zing!

(zoxamide + chlorothalonil)

34 fl oz

1.52 lb zoxamide and 8.8 lb chlorothalonil

7

0.5

No more than 2 consecutive applications before switching to another effective fungicide with a different mode of action.

27

Curzate 60DF

(cymoxanil)

3.2 oz

22.4 oz

14

0.5

No more than 7 applications per year. Use in combination with a protectant fungicide. It is best to alternate Curzate with other fungicides, such as mancozeb or chlorothalonil. Also labeled for seed treatment.

27 + 11

Tanos

(cymoxanil + famoxadone)

8 oz

48 oz

14

0.5

Do not make consecutive applications. Rotate to material with different mode of action.

28

Previcur Flex

(propamocarb hydrochloride)

1.2 pt

6.0 pt

14

0.5

Use with a tank-mix. See label for seed-piece treatment.

29

Omega 500F

(fluazinam)

5.5 fl oz

3.5 pt

14

2

Rate is higher for white mold.

30

Agri Tin

Super-Tin

(triphenyltin hydroxide)

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

–

7

2

–

30

Super-Tin 80WP

(triphenyltin hydroxide)

6 fl oz

18 fl oz

7

2

For use with closed tractor cabs only. Super Tin should be tank-mixed with another fungicide.

33

Alude, Confine Extra, K-Phite, Fosphite, Fungi-Phite, Phiticide, Phostrol, ProPhyt, Rampart, Reveille

(mono- and dipotassium salts of phosphorous acid)

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

–

–

–

–

40

Forum

(dimethomorph)

6 oz

30 oz

4

0.5

Tank-mix with another chemistry. No more than 2 sequential applications before alternating to a non-group 40 fungicide.

40

Revus

(mandipropamid)

8 fl oz

32 fl oz

14

4 hr

No more than 2 consecutive applications.

40 + 3

Revus Top

(mandipropamid + difenoconazole)

7 fl oz

28 fl oz

14

0.5

No more than 2 consecutive applications.

45 + 40

Zampro

(ametoctradin + dimethomorph)

14 fl oz

42 fl oz

4

0.5

No more than 2 consecutive applications.

49 + 40

Orondis Ultra

(oxathiapiprolin + mandipropamid)

8 fl oz

32 fl oz per year

7

–

See label.

Pythium, Pink rot, and Phytophthora seed decays

4

MetaStar 2E AG

(metalaxyl)

8 pt

–

–

2

See label for banding applications; for use at planting.

4

Ridomil Gold SL

Orondis Gold B

Ultra Flourish

(mefenoxam)

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

–

2

At planting.

4 + M1

Ridomil Gold Copper 64.8W

(mefenoxam + copper hydroxide)

2 lb

6 lb

14

2

No more than 3 applications per crop of this product + other Ridomil products. Add protectant fungicide; see label. Also for storage rots (Pythium leak, Pink Rot).

4 + M3

Ridomil Gold MZ

(mefenoxam + mancozeb)

2.5 lb

See label

3

2

Also labeled for storage rots (Pink Rot and Leak).

4 + M5

Ridomil Gold Bravo SC

(mefenoxam + chlorothalonil)

2.5 pt

See label

14

2

No more than 4 applications per crop. Also labeled for storage rots (Pink Rot and Leak).

21

Ranman

(cyazofamid)

2.75 fl oz

27.5 fl oz

7

0.5

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry between applications.

22

Elumin

(ethaboxam)

8 fl oz

16 fl oz

NA

0.5

At planting or side-dress between hilling and tuber initiation at least 25 days apart

27

Curzate 60DF

(cymoxanil)

3.2 oz

22.4 oz

14

0.5

No more than 7 applications per year. Use in combination with a protectant fungicide. It is best to alternate Curzate with other fungicides such as mancozeb or chlorothalonil. Also labeled for seed treatment.

33

Alude, Confine Extra, Fosphite, Fungi-Phite, K-Phite, Phiticide, ProPhyt, Phostrol, Rampart, Reveille

(mono- and dipotassium salts of phosphorous acid)

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

–

–

–

–

40 + 4

Orondis Gold

(oxathiapiprolin + mefenoxam)

27.8

–

–

–

At planting. See label.

Rhizoctonia, black scurf & stem canker (Rhizoctonia solani)

M3

(mancozeb)

Many brands available: Dithane DF Rainshield, Dithane F45 Rainshield, Dithane M45, Fortuna 75WDG, Koverall, Mancozeb Flowable, Manzate Pro-Stick, Nubark Mancozeb, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP, Roper DF Rainshield

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

3

1

See label for seed-piece treatment.

7

Moncut 70DF

(flutolanil)

1.1 lb

–

–

0.5

In-furrow use only.

7

Vertisan

(penthiopyrad)

24 fl oz

72 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

7 + M3

Moncoat MZ

(flutolanil + mancozeb)

1.0 lb/100 lb seed

–

–

1

Seed treatment.

7 + 3

Emesto Silver

(penflufen + prothioconazole)

0.31 fl oz/100 lb seed pieces

0.93 fl oz

–

0.5

See label for seed treatment details.

7 +7

Velum Rise

(penflufen + fluopyram)

13 fl oz

13 fl oz per year

–

0.5

See label for application information to apply as soil treatment.

7 + 11

Elatus

(azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr)

5 oz/1000 linear ft

–

14

–

In-furrow use only.

11

Azoxystrobin 100ST

Azoyzone

Dynasty

Quadris

(azoxystrobin)

See label.

–

–

4 hr

Seed treatment.

11

Headline

(pyraclostrobin)

0.8 fl oz/1000 linear ft

–

–

0.5

In-furrow use only.

12

Dyna-Shield

Maxim

Spirato

(fludioxonil)

0.8 fl oz/100 lb seed

–

–

0.5

Seed treatment.

12 + M3

Maxim MZ

(fludioxonil + mancozeb)

0.5 lb/100 lb seed

–

–

1

Seed treatment.

14

Blocker 10G

Blocker 4F

(PCNB)

See label.

–

–

–

At planting.

27 + M3 + 1

Evolve

(cymoxanil + mancozeb + thiophanate-methyl)

0.75 lb/100 lb cut seed pieces

–

–

1

Potato seed-piece treatment.

Soft rot

25

Agri-Mycin 17

Harbour

(streptomycin)

100 ppm

–

–

0.5

Seed treatment. Check individual labels for specific rates and instructions.

Soilborne pathogens

(see specific pathogens)

M2

(mancozeb)

Many brands available: Dithane DF Rainshield, Dithane F45 Rainshield, Dithane M45, Fortuna 75WDG, Koverall, Mancozeb Flowable, Manzate Pro-Stick, Nubark Mancozeb, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP, Roper DF Rainshield

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

3

1

See label for seed-piece treatment.

11

Dynasty

(azoxystrobin)

3.75 fl oz/100 lb seed

–

–

4 hr

For suppression of black scurf and stem canker and seed-borne black dot and for protection against silver scurf.

12

Maxim 4FS

Spirato

(fludioxonil)

0.16 oz/100 lb seed

–

–

0.5

Seed treatment. Must be made using specific equipment.

12

Maxim Potato Seed Protectant

Maxim PSP

(fludioxonil)

0.5 lb/100 lb seed

–

–

0.5

Seed treatment.

12 + M3

Maxim MZ

(fludioxonil + mancozeb)

0.5 lb/100 lb seed

–

–

1

Seed treatment.

White mold

(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)

1

Incognito 4.5F, Topsin M WSB

(thiophanate-methyl)

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS

21

2

–

2

Meteor, Nevado 4F, Rovral 4F

(iprodione)

See label.

See label.

14

1

No more than 4 applications per crop. See individual label for additional information.

3

Quash

(metconazole)

4.0 oz

7.5 oz

1

0.5

Follow resistance management recommendations on label.

3 + 7

Luna Pro

(fluopyram + protioconazole)

10 fl oz

20 fl oz per year

14

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

3 + 11

Delaro

(prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin)

11.4 oz

22.8 oz

14

0.5

–

7

Endura 70WP

(boscalid)

10 oz

20 oz

10

0.5

No more than 4 applications at low rate or 2 applications at high rate. Suppression.

7

Velum Prime

(fluopyram)

See label for ground or aerial application rates.

See label for ground or aerial application rates.

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

7

Vertisan

(penthiopyrad)

24 fl oz

72 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications.

7 +7

Velum Rise

(penflufen + fluopyram)

13 fl oz

13 fl oz per year

–

0.5

See label for application information to apply as soil treatment.

7 + 9

Luna Tranquility

(fluopyram + pyrimethanil)

11.2 fl oz

43.6 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications. Suppression.

7 + 11

Priaxor

(fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin)

8 fl oz

24 fl oz

7

0.5

No more than 2 sequential applications. Suppression.

11

Aproach

(picoxystrobin)

12 fl oz

36 fl oz

3

0.5

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry.

11

Headline

(pyraclostrobin)

12 fl oz

72 fl oz

3

0.5

Alternate with non-group 11 chemistry between applications.

12 + 7

Miravis Prime

(fludioxonil + pydiflumetofen)

11.4 fl oz

34.2 fl oz per year

14

0.5

–

19

OSO 5%SC

(polyoxin D zinc salt)

13 fl oz

78 fl oz

0

4 hr

–

29

Omega 500F

(fluazinam)

5.5 fl oz

3.5 pt

14

2

–

¹ FRAC code (fungicide group): Number (1–54) and letters are used to distinguish the fungicide mode of action groups. All fungicides within the same group (with same number or letter) indicate same active ingredient or similar mode of action. This information must be considered for the fungicide resistance management decisions. Source: FRAC Code List 2024; http://www.frac.info/ (FRAC = Fungicide Resistance Action Committee).

Mocap 15G (a.i. ethoprop)

40–60 lb

0.9–1.4 lb

20 lb

1.4 lb

Mocap EC* (a.i. ethoprop)

1–1.5 gal

2.9–4.4 fl oz

2 qt

4.4 fl oz

Vydate C-LV** (a.i. oxamyl)

–

–

1–2 gal

9.8–19.5 oz

Nimitz (a.i. fluensulfone)

All applications must be incorporated either physically or via drip or overhead irrigation. Make preplant applications at a rate of 3.5–7 pt/A (56.0–80.0 fl oz/A) a minimum of 7 days before planting. Do not plant any unlisted crops into treated land for 365 days after application of the product. No more than 1 application per crop and no more than 112 fl oz/A per year (365 days). Provides control only for nematodes. Growers applying Nimitz must consult the product label to observe the plant-back (recropping) intervals for a variety of leafy vegetables and brassica crops, onions, bananas, sugarcane, and other crops.

Velum (a.i. fluopyram)

Apply max 6.84 fl oz/A using overhead chemigation equipment. No more than 13.7 fl oz/A of Velum (0.446 lb/A fluopyram) per year regardless of formulation (Velum or Luna) or method of application (soil or foliar). Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. For soil application, to limit the potential for development of disease resistance to this chemical class, the first foliar fungicide application after Velum should be a product from a different FRAC group.

Salibro (a.i. fluazaindolizine)

Apply 30.7–61.4 fl oz/A (1–2 lbs a.i./A) as preplant incorporated or 15.6–61.4 fl oz/A for in-furrow treatment. Apply 15.4–30.7 fl oz/A (0.5–1 lb a.i./A) for in-season drip. No more than 61.4 fl oz/A per calendar year and no more than 30.7 fl oz/A applied post-emergence. No more than 2 applications per calendar year. Reentry interval is 12 hr. Reapplications at least 14 days apart. Preharvest interval: Do not apply within 40 days of harvest.

Biological nematicides

See chapter 19.

*Do not apply Mocap in furrow because it can cause crop injury when in contact with the seed piece. Do not apply Mocap where sorghum will be grown during the same year because its residual activity may cause serious injury to sorghum. Mix into the top 2–4 inches of soil. No more than 9 lb a.i./A Mocap 15G and 12 lb a.i./A for Mocap EC.

**Vydate C-LV has registration for nematode suppression in potatoes as an in-furrow and foliar treatment program only. Each application of Vydate C-LV should be applied in a minimum of 20 gal of water per acre, the spray solution water always buffered to a pH of 5.0 or lower. No more than 2.4 gal/A (9 lb a.i./A) per season or 8 applications of Vydate C-LV per crop; the last application should be made at least 7 days prior to harvest.

Mocap and Vydate are insecticide-nematicides; Velum is a fungicide-nematicide; Nimitz is a true nematicide. Unlike fumigants, these products are not volatile and will move through the soil via water; depending on the water solubility, these products will have different recommendations as for how to best apply them (see specific label recommendations); when nematode pressure is high, they may not be as consistently effective against root nematodes as the fumigants.

Telone II^2,3

9–12 gal

26–35

For any row spacing, application rates given may be concentrated in the row but shall never exceed the labeled maximum for broadcast applications. Consult the product label for additional detail.

Telone C-17^2,3

10.8–17.1 gal

31.8–50.2

For any row spacing, application rates given may be concentrated in the row but shall never exceed the labeled maximum for broadcast applications. Consult the product label for additional detail.

Telone C-35^2,3

13–20.5 gal

38.2–60.2

For any row spacing, application rates given may be concentrated in the row but shall never exceed the labeled maximum for broadcast applications. Consult the product label for additional detail.

Pic-Clor 60

19–31.5 gal

57–90

For any row spacing, application rates should never exceed the labeled maximum for broadcast applications. Consult the product label for additional detail.

Chloropicrin 99%

150–350 lb

–

For any row spacing, application rates should never exceed the labeled maximum for broadcast applications. Consult the product label for additional detail.

Vapam HL

75 gal

–

For drip or in-row chisel fumigation, consult product label for proportionately reduced overall rates, drip concentration, and flow-modifying directions and procedures.

KPam HL

60 gal

–

For drip or in-row chisel fumigation, consult product label for proportionately reduced overall rates, drip concentration, and flow-modifying directions.

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)

Dominus

40 gal

–

For drip or in-row fumigation and crop termination, consult product label for proportionately reduced overall rates, drip concentration, and flow-modifying directions

¹ Gallons/acre and fl oz/1,000 feet provided only for mineral soils. Higher rates may be possible for heavier-textured (loam, silt, clay) or highly organic soils.

² All the fumigants mentioned are for retail sale and use only by state certified applicators or persons under their direct supervision. New supplemental labeling for the Telone products must be in the hands of the user at the time of application. See new label details for additional use restrictions based on soil characteristics, buffer zones, requirements for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), mandatory good agricultural practices (GAPs), applicator training certification, and other new rate modifying recommendations.

³Higher application rates are possible in the presence of cyst-forming nematodes.

Rates are believed to be correct for products named, and similar products of other brand names, when applied to mineral soils. Higher rates are required for muck (organic) soils. However, the grower has the final responsibility to see that each product is used legally; read the label of the product to be sure that you are using it properly.