Chapter 1. Commercial Vegetable Production in Florida

Shinsuke Agehara, Nicholas S. Dufault, Ramdas Kanissery, and Xavier Martini


Vegetable production remains a tremendous industry for Florida in terms of acreage and value. Including vegetables, melons, potatoes, and strawberries, production occurred on approximately 176,500 acres and generated $1.93 billion in gross sales in 2022, which ranks second among all the states. Growing seasons are well defined by the peninsular geography, allowing Florida to serve as the main vegetable supplier during late fall, winter, and early spring months to the United States. Although more than 40 vegetable crops are commercially planted in the state, Florida ranks in the top three on production value of tomato, bell pepper, snap bean, squash, sweet corn, watermelon, cabbage, cucumber, and strawberry (Table 1).

Table 1. Vegetable production acreage and value in Florida.

Crop

Planted Acres

Value (million US$)

US Rank

Tomato

22,000

322.5

1

Strawberry

10,600

511.3

2

Bell pepper

11,000

262.0

2

Sweet corn

29,600

124.1

1

Potato

18,000

114.0

11

Snap bean

25,000

73.9

1

Watermelon

25,400

216.2

1

Squash

7,600

45.5

2

Cabbage

8,900

72.6

2

Cucumber

23,000

102.1

1

Source: Vegetables—2022 summary, NASS, USDA.

The objective of this publication is to provide updated information on crop cultivars, pesticide labels, and certain practices for vegetable production in Florida. Suggested practices are guidelines for growers to plan farm activities and are always subject to review using the latest scientific data available.

Web Links to Additional Information on Vegetable Production Topics

UF/IFAS Extension provides information through Ask IFAS/EDIS at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Below is a partial list of EDIS publications and other resources pertaining to vegetable production for further information beyond the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida.

Vegetable Crop Production

Complete Vegetable Production Handbook: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/CV292

“Introduction to Organic Crop Production”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/CV118

“Value Added Agriculture: Is It Right for Me?”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FE638

Farm to School: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topic_farm_to_school

“Row Covers for Commercial Vegetable Culture in Florida”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/CV201

Fertility and Irrigation

“Commercial Vegetable Fertilization Principles”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/CV009

“Soil and Fertilizer Management for Vegetable Production in Florida”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/CV101

“Controlled-Release and Slow-Release Fertilizers as Nutrient Management Tools”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HS1255

“Cover Crop Benefits for South Florida Commercial Vegetable Producers”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ss461

“Principles and Practices of Irrigation Management for Vegetables”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/CV107

“Drip Irrigation: the BMP Era—An Integrated Approach to Water and Fertilizer Management for Vegetables Grown with Plasticulture”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HS172

Postharvest Quality and Handling Resources

UF/IFAS Postharvest Quality & Technology: https://irrec.ifas.ufl.edu/postharvest/

UF/IFAS EDIS on Postharvest and Handling: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topic_postharvest

Postharvest Technology: http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu

Marketing and Regulatory Resources

Florida Dept. of Agriculture & Consumer Services (FDACS): https://www.fdacs.gov/Divisions-Offices/Marketing-and-Development

US Grade Standards for Fruits and Vegetables: https://www.ams.usda.gov/standards

National Agricultural Statistics Service: https://www.nass.usda.gov/fl/

FoodData Central, formerly National Nutrient Database: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/

National Organic Program: https://www.ams.usda.gov/about-ams/programs-offices/national-organic-program

Food Safety Resources

“Food Safety on the Farm: An Overview of Good Agricultural Practices”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FS135

“The Food Safety Modernization Act and the FDA Facility Registration Program”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FS231

UF/IFAS EDIS on Food Safety: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topic_food_safety/

CDC: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases: https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/divisions-offices/about-dfwed.html

U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA): https://www.fda.gov/food/guidanceregulation/fsma/default.htm

Fumigation

“Movement and Toxicity of Nematicides in the Plant Root Zone”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/NG002

“Maximizing the Efficacy of Soil Fumigant Applications for Raised-Bed Plasticulture Systems of Florida”: https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-hs1169-2010

Pesticide Safety

“Pesticide Provisions of the Florida Agricultural Worker Safety Act (FAWSA)”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/PI078

“Pesticide Safety”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/CV108

“Pesticide Labels: Signal Words”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/PI137

“Minimizing Honey Bee Exposure to Pesticides”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/IN1027

Pest Management

“Integrated Disease Management for Vegetable Crops in Florida”: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/PP111

UF/IFAS EDIS on Florida Nematode Management: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topics/nematode_management

“Weed Management”: https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-cv113-2006

UF/IFAS EDIS on Pest Management: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topics/pest_management