Roy P.E. Yanong

0000-0003-4185-1867

Fish Health Management Considerations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems—Part 1: Introduction and General Principles

Roy P. E. Yanong

Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Acanthocephalans, Cestodes, Leeches, & Pentastomes

Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W. Curtis, and Roy P.E. Yanong

This publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Reference” sections.

Carp Edema Virus Disease (CEVD) / Koi Sleepy Disease (KSD)

Shohreh Hesami, Pedro Viadanna, Natalie Steckler, Staci Spears, Patrick Thompson, Karen Kelley, Roy Yanong, Ruth Francis-Floyd, Johnny Shelley, Joseph Groff, Andy Goodwin, Olga Haenen, and Thomas Waltzek

Carp edema virus disease is killing wild and cultured varieties of carp and worrying koi enthusiasts and carp aquaculturists in the United States and around the world. The disease causes skin lesions and swelling and is sometimes called “koi sleepy disease” because infected fish become lethargic and unresponsive. This 6-page fact sheet describes symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and what fish producers, wholesalers, or retailers can do if they suspect carp may have contracted the disease.

Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD)

Kathleen H. Hartman, Roy P.E. Yanong, Deborah B. Pouder, B. Denise Petty, Ruth Francis-Floyd, Allen C. Riggs, and Thomas B. Waltzek

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is a highly contagious virus that causes significant morbidity and mortality in common carp varieties. Common carp is raised as a foodfish in many countries and has also been selectively bred for the ornamental fish industry where it is known as koi. The first recognized case of KHV occurred in the United Kingdom in 1996. Since then other cases have been confirmed in almost all countries that culture koi and/or common carp with the exception of Australia. This fact sheet is intended to inform veterinarians, biologists, fish producers and hobbyists about KHV disease.

Nematode (Roundworm) Infections in Fish

Roy P. E. Yanong

Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Nematodes

Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W. Curtis, and Roy P.E. Yanong

This publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Reference” sections.

Lernaea (Anchorworm) Infestations in Fish

Natalie Steckler and Roy P. E. Yanong

Use of Vaccines in Finfish Aquaculture

Roy P. E. Yanong

This article uses a question-and-answer format to address the topic of vaccine use in warm water aquaculture facilities. Includes references.

Spring Viremia of Carp

Barbara D. Petty, Ruth Francis-Floyd, and Roy P.E. Yanong

Spring viremia of carp is a viral disease that can cause significant mortality in several carp species including the common carp. It was reported in koi and feral carp in the United States for the first time in 2002. Diagnosis in farm raised fish in the U.S. may result in quarantine of the infected fish and depopulation. This revised 5-page fact sheet is intended to inform veterinarians, biologists, culturists, and hobbyists about Spring viremia of carp.

Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Flagellates

Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W. Curtis, and Roy P. E. Yanong

This publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Reference” sections. 

Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Digenean Trematodes

Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W. Curtis, and Roy P.E. Yanong

This publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Reference” sections.

Use of Hydrogen Peroxide in Finfish Aquaculture

Roy P. E. Yanong

Using a question-and-answer format this article discusses how to use the hydrogen-peroxide based product 35% PEROX-AID ® as aquaculture treatment. Includes references. 

Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Monogeneans

Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W. Curtis, and Roy P.E. Yanong

This publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Reference” sections.

Harvesting Ornamental Fish From Ponds

Tina C. Crosby, Jeffrey E. Hill, Carlos V. Martinez, Craig A. Watson, Deborah B. Pouder, and Roy P.E. Yanong

A Guide to Common Stony Corals of Florida

Joseph A. Henry, Roy P. E. Yanong, Maia P. McGuire, and Joshua T. Patterson

Overview of Urban Aquaculture

Emily H. Roan, Laura Tiu, Roy P.E. Yanong, Matthew A. DiMaggio, and Joshua T. Patterson

Cryptocaryon irritans Infections (Marine White Spot Disease) in Fish

Roy P. E. Yanong

Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Dinoflagellates, Coccidia, Microsporidians, & Myxozoans

Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W. Curtis, and Roy P.E. Yanong

This publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Reference” sections.

Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Sessile Ciliates

Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W. Curtis, and Roy P. E. Yanong

This publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Reference” sections.

Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Crustaceans

Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W. Curtis, and Roy P.E. Yanong

This publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Reference” sections. 

Grading Ornamental Fish

Tina C. Crosby, Jeffrey E. Hill, Carlos V. Martinez, Craig A. Watson, Deborah B. Pouder, and Roy P.E. Yanong

Diagnostic Methods for the Comprehensive Health Assessment of the Long-Spined Sea Urchin, Diadema antillarum

Ruth Francis-Floyd, Jan Landsberg, Roy Yanong, Yasu Kiryu, Shirley Baker, Deborah Pouder, William Sharp, Gabriel Delgado, Nicole Stacy, Tom Waltzek, Heather Walden, Roxanna Smolowitz, and Greg Beck

This 55-page document contains a wealth of information on the long-spined sea urchin, which is an important animal in coral reef ecosystems. The publication discusses diagnostic methods for Diadema antillarum and provides reporting forms for laboratory and diagnostic work.

Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Motile Ciliates

Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W. Curtis, and Roy P. E. Yanong

This publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Reference” sections. 

Use of Copper in Freshwater Aquaculture and Farm Ponds

Craig Watson and Roy P.E. Yanong

Copper has been used for many years as a chemical tool in freshwater farm ponds and aquaculture operations. It is both an effective algicide and a parasite treatment. The problem with the use of copper is that there is a thin line that separates effective treatment levels from overdoses, which can kill fish. This fact sheet is designed to explain when copper is used, how it is used, and some precautions to take before using it. First published in 1989. 

Pentastomid Infections in Fish

Roy P. E. Yanong

Pentastomes are worm-like parasites that infect various fish species, such as tilapia, danios, flagfish, and swordtails. These parasites, resembling small segmented grubs, are more closely related to crustaceans like fish lice than to true worms. Pentastomes have an indirect life cycle involving reptilian final hosts, such as turtles, alligators, and snakes. The life cycle includes the deposition of eggs by adult pentastomes in the reptile's respiratory system, which are then excreted and ingested by fish hosts, where larvae develop into nymphs. Infected fish may exhibit significant tissue damage, depending on the fish species and parasite load. Diagnosis involves identifying characteristic lesions and parasites through microscopy. No effective chemical treatments exist; thus, prevention focuses on controlling reptilian hosts and maintaining pond hygiene. Infected fish usually require culling to manage outbreaks effectively. Early recognition and preventative measures are crucial to mi

Use of Ovaprim in Ornamental Fish Aquaculture

Roy P. E. Yanong, Carlos Martinez, and Craig A. Watson

This article explains for ornamental fish producers the mode of action and considerations for the use of ovaprim, a hormone product used as a spawning aid. Includes references.

Argulus (Fish Louse) Infections in Fish

Natalie Steckler and Roy P. E. Yanong

Decapsulating Brine Shrimp Eggs

Craig Watson and Roy P.E. Yanong

Brine shrimp eggs, essential for feeding small fish in hatcheries, require separation from their non-digestible shells and unhatched eggs post-hatching. This document explains the decapsulation process using chlorine removing the outer shell, simplifying separation and sterilizing the eggs. This method improves hatch rates and allows unhatched eggs to be fed directly to fish. The decapsulation procedure involves soaking the eggs in water, treating them with bleach, and rinsing thoroughly. Decapsulated eggs can be stored in brine or hatched immediately in containers with specific conditions. This process adapts to various brine shrimp egg types, ensuring effective hatchery operations. First published June, 1990. 

Culture Techniques of Moina : The Ideal Daphnia for Feeding Freshwater Fish Fry

R. W. Rottmann, J. Scott Graves, Craig Watson, and Roy P. E. Yanong

This document provides an extensive overview of the biology, culture methods, and practical applications of Daphnia, specifically focusing on the genera Daphnia and Moina. Daphnia, known as "water fleas" due to their size and distinctive movement, play a crucial role in freshwater ecosystems and aquaculture. The document discusses their physical and chemical habitat requirements, food sources, and reproductive cycles. It highlights the advantages of Moina in aquaculture due to their high reproductive rates and tolerance to environmental conditions. Detailed procedures for the culture of Moina, including container specifications, water quality management, aeration, feeding, and harvesting techniques, are provided. Additionally, the document addresses nutritional aspects and methods for long-term storage. This comprehensive guide aims to support hobbyists and commercial operators in optimizing Moina production for feeding fish fry. First published May,1992.

Fish Health Management Considerations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems—Part 2: Pathogens

Roy P. E. Yanong

Use of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish Aquaculture

Roy P. E. Yanong

Antibiotics are very useful additions to any fishhealth manager’s toolbox, but they are only tools and not “magic bullets.” The ability of antibiotics to help eliminate a fish disease depends on a number of factors.

Fish Health Management Considerations in Recirculating Aquaculture systems—Part 3: General Recommendations and Problem-Solving Approaches

Roy P. E. Yanong

Use of Copper in Marine Aquaculture and Aquarium Systems

Roy P. E. Yanong

FA165 discusses the use of “bluestone” or “blue copperas” copper sulfate — basic copper chemistry, chelated copper, toxicity to target and non-target organisms, determining dose, reaching and maintaining desired concentrations, and removing copper from the system. Includes references.

Preparation of Ornamental Fish for Shipping

Tina C. Crosby, Jeffrey E. Hill, Carlos V. Martinez, Craig A. Watson, Deborah B. Pouder, and Roy P.E. Yanong

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s).

Third Party Certifications in Aquaculture

Emily H. Roan, Joshua T. Patterson, Matthew A. DiMaggio, and Roy P. E. Yanong

This publication provides information on common third-party certification programs for aquaculture products, mostly those intended for human consumption. The goal of this document is to increase consumer awareness and understanding of what commonly observed third-party certification labels signify. Includes some discussion of certification programs for ornamentals and baitfish.

Streptococcal Infections of Fish

Roy P. E. Yanong and Ruth Francis-Floyd

Streptococcus is a genus of bacteria that includes some species that cause serious diseases in a number of different hosts. A major identifying feature of Streptococcus is that they are Gram-positive (they appear purple/blue when stained using a procedure called a Gram stain). By contrast, most of the common disease-causing bacteria of fish are Gram-negative (appear pink with a Gram stain). This is important when considering treatment options and will be discussed in greater detail below. First published Feb. 2002.

Myxosporidiosis (Myxozoan Infections) in Warmwater Fish

Justin Stilwell and Roy P. E. Yanong

Discusses myxozoans--metazoan parasites of marine and freshwater invertebrates and fishes. Provides examples of species that infect aquariumand warmwater species; morphology; general life cycle and transmission; methods for diagnosing infections in fish; and advice for treatment, prevention, and control.

Freshwater Ornamental Fish Commonly Cultured in Florida

Jeffrey E. Hill and Roy P.E. Yanong

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Animal Systems Fish can be grouped in a number of different ways. One major division in the industry which has practical significance is that between egg-laying species and live-bearing species. The culture practices for each division are different, requiring specialized knowledge and equipment to succeed. This publication briefly reviews the more common groups of freshwater tropical ornamental fishes cultured in Florida. For simplicity, fish are grouped according to family or related families. First published March 2002. 

On-Farm Transport of Ornamental Fish

Tina C. Crosby, Jeffrey E. Hill, Carlos V. Martinez, Craig A. Watson, Deborah B. Pouder, and Roy P.E. Yanong

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Cryptobia iubilans in Cichlids

Ruth Francis Floyd and Roy Yanong

After many years of diagnostics at the University of Florida and at other laboratories around the country, it appears that Cryptobia iubilans is not uncommon among cichlids, and that environmental and other factors determine the extent of disease.

Lymphocystis Disease in Fish

Roy P. E. Yanong

Lymphocystis is a chronic disease of freshwater and marine fishes caused by infection with an iridovirus known as Lymphocystivirus or Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV), which is a member of the family Iridoviridae. Infection results in the development of pebble or wart-like nodules most commonly seen on the fins, skin, or gills, although other tissues may be affected. Although the disease has been seen worldwide in numerous species since its first description in 1874, its viral cause was not identified until 1962. The lymphocystiviruses are considered much less pathogenic (disease-causing) than their iridoviral relatives, the ranaviruses and megalocytiviruses, which can cause severe, systemic disease with higher mortalities.

Peces ornamentales de agua dulce comúnmente cultivados en Florida

Jeffrey E. Hill, Roy P.E. Yanong, y Juan M. Campos Krauer

Esta publicación revisa brevemente los grupos más comunes de peces ornamentales tropicales de agua dulce cultivados en Florida y sirve como introducción a una serie de publicaciones que cubren estos grupos con más detalle. Para simplificar, los peces se agrupan según la familia o familias relacionadas.

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (White Spot) Infections in Fish

Ruth Francis-Floyd, Roy Yanong, and Deborah Pouder

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) is a protozoan parasite that can cause severe losses in aquaculture and aquariums. It is introduced via new fish, substrates, plants, or equipment. Preventive measures include quarantining and treating new fish, holding plants without fish, and disinfecting decorations. Ich can cause rapid, high mortality among fish. Immediate treatment is necessary due to its fast reproduction. Since only the infective theront stage is susceptible to treatment, repeated treatments or prolonged salt use are required. Daily tank cleaning helps remove the parasite. Survivors can carry the parasite and reinfect others. This document is about how effective management and biosecurity practices, including quick treatment and multiple treatments during outbreaks, can help to control Ich and minimize economic losses. First published March 1991.

Current Aquaculture of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica and Its Potential for Innovative Technology in Florida

Emily Caffrey, Joshua Patterson, Ruth Francis-Floyd, and Roy P. E. Yanong

<p>This publication provides information on the status of oyster fisheries and aquaculture in Florida as well as general information about how oysters are grown in agricultural and restoration systems. It then introduces a series of technologies that have been developed in other US states and in other countries, strategies that may have utility in Florida. Finally, it covers some specifics of the permitting process as it relates to oyster aquaculture in Florida.</p>

Megalocytivirus Infections in Fish, with Emphasis on Ornamental Species

Roy P. E. Yanong and Thomas B. Waltzek

This document is about megalocytiviruses, a group of fish viruses in the family Iridoviridae, which cause systemic infections in various freshwater and marine fish species1. It details the disease symptoms, diagnostic methods, and management practices for infected fish. The document also highlights the susceptibility of different fish species to these viruses and the importance of biosecurity measures to prevent the spread of infections. Additionally, it discusses the lack of effective treatments and the necessity of good husbandry practices to mitigate the impact of these viruses. First published Dec. 2010.

Viral Nervous Necrosis (Betanodavirus) Infections in Fish

Roy P. E. Yanong

This document is about betanodaviruses, an emerging group of viruses infecting over 40 marine and some freshwater fish species worldwide1. It details the characteristics of these viruses, including their non-enveloped, icosahedral-shaped capsid and single-stranded, positive-sense RNA2. The document discusses the diseases caused by betanodaviruses, such as viral nervous necrosis (VNN) and viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), which primarily affect the central nervous system of fish34. It also covers prevention and control measures, including good husbandry, biosecurity, and the potential use of vaccines. The document emphasizes the importance of working with fish health professionals for diagnosis and management. First published Dec. 2010. 

Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV): a Globally Emerging Threat to Tilapia Aquaculture

Lowia Al-Hussinee, Kuttichantran Subramaniam, Win Surachetpong, Vsevolod Popov, Kathleen Hartman, Katharine Starzel, Roy Yanong, Craig Watson, Hugh Ferguson, Salvatore Frasca Jr., and Thomas Waltzek

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Aquaculture