Hardeep Singh

0000-0002-6880-0085

Adjusting Crop Yield to a Standard Moisture Content

Michael J. Mulvaney and Pratap Devkota

Petiole Sampling as a Tool for In-Season Nitrogen Management in Cotton

Akash Shah, Hardeep Singh, Lakesh Sharma, Ethan Carter, and Guilherme Morata

This publication aims to guide cotton producers, Extension agents, crop advisors, and consultants on the correct method of petiole sampling for nitrate-nitrogen analysis and interpretation of petiole nitrate-nitrogen test results, and also discusses ways in which monitoring petiole nitrate-nitrogen concentration can be used as a tool for effective in-season N management in cotton. Written by Akash Shah, Hardeep Singh, Lakesh Sharma, Ethan Carter, and Guilherme Morata, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agronomy, June 2025.

Using 2,4-D Choline Herbicide Products on 2,4-D-Tolerant Crops

Pratap Devkota, Ethan Carter, and Hardeep Singh

This publication provides specific information on herbicide options and application requirements on newer 2,4-D formulations. The publication also provides information on the safer use of newer low-volatility formulations of 2,4-D herbicide products on Enlist crops. Written by Pratap Devkota, Ethan Carter, and Hardeep Singh, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, July 2022.

Fire Ants Management in Industrial Hemp

Nkem J. Nwosu, Hardeep Singh, Zachary Brym, Lakesh Sharma, Ethan Carter, Alexandra M. Revynthi, and Lance Osborne

This publication highlights the presence, damage, and management of imported fire ants in industrial hemp production. This UF/IFAS Extension publication offers practical knowledge to researchers, Extension agents, growers, crop consultants, agricultural professionals, and students on the effects and management of imported fire ants in industrial hemp production. Written by Nkem J. Nwosu, Hardeep Singh, Zachary Brym, Lakesh Sharma, Ethan Carter, Alexandra M. Revynthi, and Lance Osborne, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, May 2024.

Developing a Web-based Agro-Application

Lakesh K. Sharma, Rishabh Khanna, and Hardeep Singh

This publication discusses the general concept of web and mobile application development and provides knowledge and stepwise instructions to develop an application in agricultural systems. The primary audience is researchers, extension personnel, consultants, and students who are interested in developing and using web and mobile applications for decision-making.

Mitigating Nitrogen Losses in Row Crop Production Systems

Hardeep Singh, Lakesh Sharma, Libbie Johnson, Ethan Carter, and Pratap Devkota

This publication summarizes N cycling, different types of N losses, and approaches that may help to minimize N loss in row crop production systems in Florida. Written by Hardeep Singh, Lakesh Sharma, Libbie Johnson, Ethan Carter, and Pratap Devkota, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, January 2023.

Unlocking the Potential of Technology: Estimating Nitrogen Requirement in Corn Using Optical Sensors

Lakesh K. Sharma, Diego A. H. de S. Leitão, and Hardeep Singh

In the domain of agriculture, the application of optical sensing technology has become increasingly prevalent in the assessment of corn grain production. However, it is notable that comprehensive research endeavors addressing the efficacy of employing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a predictive tool for corn grain yield in the specific context of Florida remain limited. To address this gap in knowledge, a dedicated study focusing on nitrogen (N) rates was meticulously designed in 2022. The primary objective of this study was to provide critical insights and empirical evidence to both our Extension agents and the community of corn farmers. Its overarching aim is to elucidate the practical utility of NDVI sensors in forecasting crop output and facilitating precise estimations of N requirements.

Improving Biological Nitrogen Fixation to Improve Soil Nutrient Status

Lakesh K. Sharma, Ayush K. Sharma, Andrew Ogram, and Hardeep Singh

The chemical reduction of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) by hydrogen for incorporation into plant tissue is known as N fixation. Along with the carbon, N has a role in maintaining the optimum source and sink ratio, which ensures crop growth and biological yield. N is available in great concentration (˜80%) in the atmosphere in N2 form, but plants cannot absorb or uptake N in N2 form. N fertilizers are available in straight, mixed, and nano and liquid fertilizers. These approaches are not enough, though, to maximize N use efficiency to 100%. A significant amount of nitrogen is still lost in air and water bodies, leading to multiple negative impacts to the environment. Therefore, N fixation through the crop itself is a practical approach to reduce the use of synthetic nitrogen and enhance the sustainability of the food production systems. This publication discusses various methods for BNF and its importance to the sustainability of crop production.

Plant Growth Regulators as a Management Tool in Cotton Production

Kulpreet Singh, Hardeep Singh, Libbie Johnson, Ethan Carter, Lakesh Sharma, and Ravinder Singh

This article aims to inform cotton producers, Extension agents, crop advisors, and consultants about the role and management approaches of plant growth regulators in cotton production. Written by Kulpreet Singh, Hardeep Singh, Libbie Johnson, Ethan Carter, Lakesh Sharma, and Ravinder Singh, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, May 2023.

Sulfur Deficiency in Cotton: Causes, Symptoms, and Considerations

Hardeep Singh, Ethan Carter, Lakesh Sharma, Sudeep Sidhu, and Peter Omara

The purpose of this article is to provide information to cotton farmers, Extension agents, and crop consultants about the symptoms of sulfur deficiency, the various sources of sulfur, and its interaction with changing rates of other major nutrients such as nitrogen. Written by Hardeep Singh, Ethan Carter, Lakesh Sharma, Sudeep Sidhu, and Peter Omara, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, November 2023.

UF/IFAS Standardized Fertilization Recommendations for Agronomic Crops

R. Mylavarapu, D. Wright, and G. Kidder

This publication presents in abbreviated form the fertilization recommendations for agronomic crops based on soil tests performed by the UF/IFAS Extension Soil Testing Laboratory (ESTL). It contains the basic information from which ESTL soil-test reports and fertilization recommendations are generated.

Managing Vine Growth in Peanuts: When to Use Plant Growth Regulators

Olive Stewart, Satinderpal Singh, Hardeep Singh, Ethan Carter, and Keith Wynn

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are commonly used in cotton and fruit trees. This publication outlines the benefits of PGRs and discusses when they can be a practical tool for peanut farmers, Extension agents, and agricultural workers. Written by Olive Stewart, Satinderpal Singh, Hardeep Singh, Ethan Carter, and Keith Wynn, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agronomy, September 2025.

Calcium Fertilization in Peanuts: Importance, Sources, and Considerations

Satinderpal Singh, Melinda Thoms, Hardeep Singh, Barry Tillman, Emma Matcham, and Ethan Carter

This article examines the sources of calcium, application rate and timings of these sources, and their effect on peanut growth. The purpose of this article is to share knowledge about calcium fertilization in peanuts among crop advisors, Extension agents, and farmers. Written by Satinderpal Singh, Melinda Thoms, Hardeep Singh, Barry Tillman, Emma Matcham, and Ethan Carter, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agronomy, February 2025.

Why Potassium Is Important for Potatoes

Simranpreet K. Sidhu, Lakesh K. Sharma, Lincoln Zotarelli, and Hardeep Singh

This publication focuses on the importance of potassium nutrition for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production. This publication aims to detail the relevance of potassium (K) for tuber production, crop demand for this nutrient, recent market trends, and additional information on K management for potato production in Florida. The target audience includes potato growers, Extension agents, crop consultants, representatives of the fertilizer industry, state and local agencies, students, instructors, researchers, and interested Florida residents.

Potassium Deficiency in Cotton: Causes, Symptoms, and Considerations

Kulpreet Singh, Hardeep Singh, Peter Omara, Nkem J. Nwosu, Jennifer Bearden, Ravinder Singh, and Lakesh K. Sharma

The purpose of this publication is to inform cotton producers, Extension agents, crop advisors, and consultants about the role, deficiency, and management of potassium in cotton production. Written by Kulpreet Singh, Hardeep Singh, Peter Omara, Nkem J. Nwosu, Jennifer Bearden, Ravinder Singh, and Lakesh K. Sharma, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, January 2024.

Design and Construction of a Constant Head Infiltrometer

Mahesh Bashyal, Michael J. Mulvaney, Eban Z. Bean, and Hardeep Singh

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Farm Economics, entrepreneurship, and management

UF/IFAS Nutrient Management Recommendation Series: Hemp

Zachary Brym, Lakesh Sharma, Hardeep Singh, Thomas Obreza, and Rao Mylavarapu

Nutrient management recommendations for hemp are described according to the standard UF/IFAS recommendation format of 1) a calibrated soil test result; 2) target soil pH; 3) the "4Rs" of fertilizer management: rate, timing, placement, and source; and 4) water management factors.

Understanding Soil Fertility from an Urban Grower Perspective

Lakesh K. Sharma, Ravinder Singh, Ayush K. Sharma, and Hardeep Singh

The excitement of watching a seed sprout into a flourishing plant is a joy for all who cultivate their own urban gardens. Many think of soil as a mere support for those plants, a substance that anchors them into the ground. However, soil is a dynamic and life-sustaining medium that nourishes plants. There is a complex ecosystem beneath the soil surface, composed of minerals, organic matter, water, air, and countless microorganisms. Understanding soil fertility is vital to plant growth. This publication is written for individuals tending to lawns, shrubs, trees, or flowers in urban settings. It introduces essential terms of soil fertility, explains the role of soil properties in supporting healthy plants, and familiarizes readers with methods to enhance soil fertility within the context of urban settings. It also serves as a guide to empower non-farmers and urban residents, offering insights into plant nutrient requirements and the principles of effective nutritional care.

Nitrogen Contributions from Peanut Residues to Subsequent Crops

Arun Jani, Michael J. Mulvaney, Mahesh Bashyal, and Hardeep Singh

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

When to Lime Soil and Liming Products Available in Florida

Lakesh K. Sharma, Hardeep Singh, and Thomas A. Obreza

It is essential to maintain the desired pH of the soil in order to cultivate plants that are robust and prolific. This axiom is true regardless of whether one is growing crops or plants in an agricultural or urban setting. Because it has a direct impact on the availability of essential plant nutrients, soil pH, also noted as the “soil reaction,” is a crucial factor to consider. The internet is rife with misleading information describing the concept of soil acidity and alkalinity as well as how the soil reaction affects plant growth. If you want to change the pH of Florida soil, it is not advisable to use the information found on the internet, as different types of soil require different lime quantities, types, and application techniques. In contrast, some soils may require elemental sulfur application to lower the soil pH. In Florida, recommendations to change soil pH should come from a local expert.

Estimating Cotton Yield

Michael J. Mulvaney, Emma Brooks, Pratap Devkota, Ethan Carter, De Broughton, Mark Mauldin, Joseph Iboyi, Mahesh Bashyal, David Wright, and Ian Small

Preharvest estimation of cotton yield can help growers to determine their return on investment, assess weather-related damages, and adjust crop management. This publication outlines the steps to calculate a reliable estimate of cotton yield. Written by Michael J. Mulvaney, Emma Brooks, Pratap Devkota, Ethan Carter, De Broughton, Mark Mauldin, Joseph Iboyi, Mahesh Bashyal, David Wright, and Ian Small, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, March 2021.