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Environmental Horticulture

Summary
Summary

Editorial Team

New and Revised Publications

thumbnail for publication: Serenoa repens: Saw Palmetto

Serenoa repens: Saw Palmetto

Vânia Pereira, Mica McMillan, Wagner Vendrame, and Kara McCoy

This publication is intended for anyone interested in identifying and utilizing this Florida native palm in their landscape. Serenoa repens is native to the Southeastern United States and found mostly in Florida coastal woodland coastal locations. Most often referred to as saw palmetto, this slow-growing, small palm only reaches 3–6 feet in height. Its waxy leaves vary in color. The stiff leaves are folded slightly and divided deeply into several dozen segments that split at the tip. Saw palmetto is essentially trunkless and will have 12–30 leaves in total. It has white flowers that bear blue-black fruit. This small palm forms as a ground cover in pinelands along the Southern Coastal Plain. The plants are best established from containers and can be difficult to transplant from the field. Known for its medicinal benefits, the fruits of the saw palmetto are sold in health food stores across the United States and harvested by pharmaceutical companies for medicinal purposes.

thumbnail for publication: Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida

Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida

Cliff G. Martin, Jody Haynes, John McLaughlin, Laura Vasquez, Adrian Hunsberger, and Zachary Brym

This publication was originally developed to help answer requests from participants of the Florida Yards & Neighborhoods program in Miami-Dade County, now Florida Friendly Landscaping TM (FFL), for a list of landscape plants suitable in south Florida and has become a critical reference for the county. The resulting list includes over 330 species of low-maintenance plants. For each species, we provided the common and scientific names, family, size, light preference, salt tolerance, establishment status, invasive status and potential, and other useful characteristics. Written by Cliff G. Martin, Jody Haynes, John McLaughlin, Laura Vasquez, Adrian Hunsberger, and Zachary Brym, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agronomy, revised February 2025.

thumbnail for publication: Common Poisonous Landscape Plant Species in Florida

Common Poisonous Landscape Plant Species in Florida

Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble

In this rapidly urbanizing world, landscape plants serve as a convenient pathway for individuals to engage with nature. Due to Florida's subtropical climate, a vast array of diverse plant species is commonly used in home landscapes. However, it is important to note that many landscape plants can be toxic if consumed, posing risks to small children, pets, and even livestock such as cattle, horses, or sheep. These plant species can still be utilized in the landscape, but it is important to understand which species are toxic to prevent accidental exposure, particularly in environments where small children or pets could inadvertently come into contact with them. This EDIS publication informs home gardeners, pest management professionals, and other plant enthusiasts of some of the most common plants in home landscapes in Florida, focusing particularly on poisonous species that could potentially cause harm if ingested.

thumbnail for publication: Crapemyrtle Pruning

Crapemyrtle Pruning

Gary W. Knox, Edward F. Gilman, Teagan Young, Ryan W. Klein, and Leynar Leyton

Pruning is one of the most controversial aspects of maintaining crapemyrtle. Traditionally, many crapemyrtles were routinely topped, leaving large branch and stem stubs. This practice has been called "crape murder" because most people dislike the winter appearance and many professionals believe the practice impacts crapemyrtle health and structural integrity. UF/IFAS research has clarified the effects of various crapemyrtle pruning practices that resulted in the recommendations in this publication.

thumbnail for publication: Florida Turfgrass Identification

Florida Turfgrass Identification

Alex J. Lindsey, Claude J. Jean, Marco Schiavon, Kevin E. Kenworthy, and J. Bryan Unruh

Proper turfgrass identification is required before considering any lawn maintenance practices. Each of the different grasses used for Florida lawns have different management and without accurate identification, mismanagement could occur, leading to undesirable results. Turfgrass identification can be challenging due to the lack of inflorescence or seedheads at certain times in their life cycle or due to being mowed off. Thus, other plant characteristics are used to help with turfgrass identification.

thumbnail for publication: A Beginner’s Guide to Producing and Saving Open-Pollinated Seeds for North Florida Farmers and Gardeners

A Beginner’s Guide to Producing and Saving Open-Pollinated Seeds for North Florida Farmers and Gardeners

Tere Davidson, Melissa DeSa, and Héctor E. Pérez

Seed saving is the art and practice of preserving and sharing seeds from desired open-pollinated plants. Saving seeds has many benefits and motivations that may include improving the adaptability of a crop to a region or microclimate, preserving cultural traditions and foods, growing for nutrient density and flavor preferences, saving on the cost of seed purchases, and connecting to local communities through seed sharing. For example, you may start saving seeds to preserve a beloved heirloom variety with flavors that remind you of home or to improve on a crop that performed particularly well. Saving your own seeds can save money, as one good growing season can produce many years' worth of seeds. This publication is for farmers and gardeners interested in producing, using, or donating seeds from open-pollinated plants. It recommends practices to produce, harvest, and store seeds from annual vegetable, fruit, and herb crops. This guidance is not intended for commercial purposes.

thumbnail for publication: Environmental Horticulture Management Certificate: A Path to Career Opportunities and Advancement

Environmental Horticulture Management Certificate: A Path to Career Opportunities and Advancement

Kimberly A. Moore and Kathleen Ujvari

Florida is one of the top-producing states in the environmental horticulture industry (“green industry”), which includes garden centers as well as greenhouse, nursery, and landscape operations. Although, the industry is not without its challenges. A workforce that is knowledgeable of the issues facing the green industry and of proactive techniques that can help streamline operations and facilitate building efficiency can aid in alleviating some of the industry’s challenges. Graduates from the University of Florida Environmental Horticulture Management certificate program gain a background in sustainable ornamental horticulture practices used in the greenhouse, nursery, and/or landscape sectors of the green industry.

thumbnail for publication: Using Mulch for Weed Control in Container Plant Production

Using Mulch for Weed Control in Container Plant Production

Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble

Weed management in container plant production is a serious problem and remains one of the most expensive and time-consuming aspects of the plant nursery industry. Weeds compete for light, water, nutrients, and space, which ultimately results in decreased crop growth and yield. Weed management in container nurseries is primarily based on the use of timely preemergence (PRE) herbicides and supplemental hand weeding. The most challenging downside to applying PRE herbicides is often crop safety for many herbicide-sensitive crops commonly produced by Florida growers. Also, herbicide labels typically preclude application on bearing plants or for up to 12 months before fruit can be harvested. Due to these concerns, among the most commonly adopted non-chemical approaches to weed management in recent times is the utilization of mulch. This publication discusses best mulching practices, mulch types, application techniques, cost, and other management practices in container plant production.

thumbnail for publication: Promoting Turf Recovery Following a Hurricane

Promoting Turf Recovery Following a Hurricane

J. Bryan Unruh, A. J. Lindsey, Marco Schiavon, and L. E. Trenholm

Devastation from hurricanes can cause multiple problems for turfgrass managers, sod producers, and homeowners. Damage may include visible factors such as prolonged periods of standing water, uprooted trees, shading and obstruction from demolished structures, deposition of silt or mud, and damage to irrigation systems. Less visible problems may include damage to root systems resulting from compacted soil from heavy equipment used during cleanup and recovery, reduced drainage, and injury resulting from effects of saltwater intrusion. Suggested guidelines for correcting these problems are included in the text.

thumbnail for publication: La grama centípeda (césped ciempiés) para patios de Florida

La grama centípeda (césped ciempiés) para patios de Florida

J. B. Unruh, A. J. Lindsey y M. Schiavon. Traducido por A. Fernanda Arevalo Alvarenga

El centipedegrass o pasto ciempiés (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) se introdujo en los Estados Unidos desde el sureste asiático en 1916. Este pasto está bien adaptado al clima y los suelos del centro y norte de Florida y es el césped residencial más común en el noroeste de Florida. Esta publicación está destinada a entusiastas de césped y paisajismo de Florida, y profesionales en mantenimiento de pasto ciempiés en paisaje residencial y comercial.

Editorial Team

New and Revised Publications

thumbnail for publication: Serenoa repens: Saw Palmetto

Serenoa repens: Saw Palmetto

Vânia Pereira, Mica McMillan, Wagner Vendrame, and Kara McCoy

This publication is intended for anyone interested in identifying and utilizing this Florida native palm in their landscape. Serenoa repens is native to the Southeastern United States and found mostly in Florida coastal woodland coastal locations. Most often referred to as saw palmetto, this slow-growing, small palm only reaches 3–6 feet in height. Its waxy leaves vary in color. The stiff leaves are folded slightly and divided deeply into several dozen segments that split at the tip. Saw palmetto is essentially trunkless and will have 12–30 leaves in total. It has white flowers that bear blue-black fruit. This small palm forms as a ground cover in pinelands along the Southern Coastal Plain. The plants are best established from containers and can be difficult to transplant from the field. Known for its medicinal benefits, the fruits of the saw palmetto are sold in health food stores across the United States and harvested by pharmaceutical companies for medicinal purposes.

thumbnail for publication: Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida

Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida

Cliff G. Martin, Jody Haynes, John McLaughlin, Laura Vasquez, Adrian Hunsberger, and Zachary Brym

This publication was originally developed to help answer requests from participants of the Florida Yards & Neighborhoods program in Miami-Dade County, now Florida Friendly Landscaping TM (FFL), for a list of landscape plants suitable in south Florida and has become a critical reference for the county. The resulting list includes over 330 species of low-maintenance plants. For each species, we provided the common and scientific names, family, size, light preference, salt tolerance, establishment status, invasive status and potential, and other useful characteristics. Written by Cliff G. Martin, Jody Haynes, John McLaughlin, Laura Vasquez, Adrian Hunsberger, and Zachary Brym, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agronomy, revised February 2025.

thumbnail for publication: Common Poisonous Landscape Plant Species in Florida

Common Poisonous Landscape Plant Species in Florida

Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble

In this rapidly urbanizing world, landscape plants serve as a convenient pathway for individuals to engage with nature. Due to Florida's subtropical climate, a vast array of diverse plant species is commonly used in home landscapes. However, it is important to note that many landscape plants can be toxic if consumed, posing risks to small children, pets, and even livestock such as cattle, horses, or sheep. These plant species can still be utilized in the landscape, but it is important to understand which species are toxic to prevent accidental exposure, particularly in environments where small children or pets could inadvertently come into contact with them. This EDIS publication informs home gardeners, pest management professionals, and other plant enthusiasts of some of the most common plants in home landscapes in Florida, focusing particularly on poisonous species that could potentially cause harm if ingested.

thumbnail for publication: Crapemyrtle Pruning

Crapemyrtle Pruning

Gary W. Knox, Edward F. Gilman, Teagan Young, Ryan W. Klein, and Leynar Leyton

Pruning is one of the most controversial aspects of maintaining crapemyrtle. Traditionally, many crapemyrtles were routinely topped, leaving large branch and stem stubs. This practice has been called "crape murder" because most people dislike the winter appearance and many professionals believe the practice impacts crapemyrtle health and structural integrity. UF/IFAS research has clarified the effects of various crapemyrtle pruning practices that resulted in the recommendations in this publication.

thumbnail for publication: Florida Turfgrass Identification

Florida Turfgrass Identification

Alex J. Lindsey, Claude J. Jean, Marco Schiavon, Kevin E. Kenworthy, and J. Bryan Unruh

Proper turfgrass identification is required before considering any lawn maintenance practices. Each of the different grasses used for Florida lawns have different management and without accurate identification, mismanagement could occur, leading to undesirable results. Turfgrass identification can be challenging due to the lack of inflorescence or seedheads at certain times in their life cycle or due to being mowed off. Thus, other plant characteristics are used to help with turfgrass identification.

thumbnail for publication: A Beginner’s Guide to Producing and Saving Open-Pollinated Seeds for North Florida Farmers and Gardeners

A Beginner’s Guide to Producing and Saving Open-Pollinated Seeds for North Florida Farmers and Gardeners

Tere Davidson, Melissa DeSa, and Héctor E. Pérez

Seed saving is the art and practice of preserving and sharing seeds from desired open-pollinated plants. Saving seeds has many benefits and motivations that may include improving the adaptability of a crop to a region or microclimate, preserving cultural traditions and foods, growing for nutrient density and flavor preferences, saving on the cost of seed purchases, and connecting to local communities through seed sharing. For example, you may start saving seeds to preserve a beloved heirloom variety with flavors that remind you of home or to improve on a crop that performed particularly well. Saving your own seeds can save money, as one good growing season can produce many years' worth of seeds. This publication is for farmers and gardeners interested in producing, using, or donating seeds from open-pollinated plants. It recommends practices to produce, harvest, and store seeds from annual vegetable, fruit, and herb crops. This guidance is not intended for commercial purposes.

thumbnail for publication: Environmental Horticulture Management Certificate: A Path to Career Opportunities and Advancement

Environmental Horticulture Management Certificate: A Path to Career Opportunities and Advancement

Kimberly A. Moore and Kathleen Ujvari

Florida is one of the top-producing states in the environmental horticulture industry (“green industry”), which includes garden centers as well as greenhouse, nursery, and landscape operations. Although, the industry is not without its challenges. A workforce that is knowledgeable of the issues facing the green industry and of proactive techniques that can help streamline operations and facilitate building efficiency can aid in alleviating some of the industry’s challenges. Graduates from the University of Florida Environmental Horticulture Management certificate program gain a background in sustainable ornamental horticulture practices used in the greenhouse, nursery, and/or landscape sectors of the green industry.

thumbnail for publication: Using Mulch for Weed Control in Container Plant Production

Using Mulch for Weed Control in Container Plant Production

Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble

Weed management in container plant production is a serious problem and remains one of the most expensive and time-consuming aspects of the plant nursery industry. Weeds compete for light, water, nutrients, and space, which ultimately results in decreased crop growth and yield. Weed management in container nurseries is primarily based on the use of timely preemergence (PRE) herbicides and supplemental hand weeding. The most challenging downside to applying PRE herbicides is often crop safety for many herbicide-sensitive crops commonly produced by Florida growers. Also, herbicide labels typically preclude application on bearing plants or for up to 12 months before fruit can be harvested. Due to these concerns, among the most commonly adopted non-chemical approaches to weed management in recent times is the utilization of mulch. This publication discusses best mulching practices, mulch types, application techniques, cost, and other management practices in container plant production.

thumbnail for publication: Promoting Turf Recovery Following a Hurricane

Promoting Turf Recovery Following a Hurricane

J. Bryan Unruh, A. J. Lindsey, Marco Schiavon, and L. E. Trenholm

Devastation from hurricanes can cause multiple problems for turfgrass managers, sod producers, and homeowners. Damage may include visible factors such as prolonged periods of standing water, uprooted trees, shading and obstruction from demolished structures, deposition of silt or mud, and damage to irrigation systems. Less visible problems may include damage to root systems resulting from compacted soil from heavy equipment used during cleanup and recovery, reduced drainage, and injury resulting from effects of saltwater intrusion. Suggested guidelines for correcting these problems are included in the text.

thumbnail for publication: La grama centípeda (césped ciempiés) para patios de Florida

La grama centípeda (césped ciempiés) para patios de Florida

J. B. Unruh, A. J. Lindsey y M. Schiavon. Traducido por A. Fernanda Arevalo Alvarenga

El centipedegrass o pasto ciempiés (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) se introdujo en los Estados Unidos desde el sureste asiático en 1916. Este pasto está bien adaptado al clima y los suelos del centro y norte de Florida y es el césped residencial más común en el noroeste de Florida. Esta publicación está destinada a entusiastas de césped y paisajismo de Florida, y profesionales en mantenimiento de pasto ciempiés en paisaje residencial y comercial.

Showing 100 of 305 Publications

'Bloomify Red' and 'Bloomify Rose', Two Infertile Lantana camara Cultivars for Production and Use in Florida

Zhanao Deng and Sandra B. Wilson

‘Lava Glow’—A New Red Fancy-Leaved Caladium Cultivar

Zhanao Deng, Natalia A. Peres, and Johan Desaeger

‘Lava Glow’ is a new and novel caladium cultivar that produces bright red to red-purple heart-shaped leaves with strong sunburn tolerance and is resistant to leaf spot diseases. This new 7-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is prepared for growers who are interested in growing caladium as a horticultural crop and for greenhouse or nursery growers who are interested in producing potted caladium plants. Written by Zhanao Deng, Natalia A. Peres, and Johan Desaeger.

A Beginner's Guide to Begonias: Classification and Diversity

Julian Ginori, Heqiang Huo, and Caroline R. Warwick

A Beginner’s Guide to Begonias: Begonia rex-cultorum

Julian Ginori, Heqiang Huo, and David Norman

Rex begonias are spectacular rhizomatous perennials famous for their variegated, colorful foliage and ease of growth. Rex begonias are well suited for hanging baskets, windowsills, or houseplants. In more tropical climates, like Florida, rex begonias can also be found adding vibrant foliage and dimension to landscapes. This new 3-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is meant for Florida homeowners and horticulturalists interested in learning more about begonias.

A Beginner’s Guide to Begonias: Seed Propagation

Julian Ginori, Heqiang Huo, Zhanao Deng, and Sandra Wilson

This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is written for Florida nursery operators, landscape professionals, and individuals interested in propagating their own begonias. This guide goes into detail on how to multiply begonias via pollination/fertilization. Written by Julian Ginori, Heqiang Huo, Zhanao Deng, and Sandra Wilson.

thumbnail for publication: A Beginner’s Guide to Begonias: Vegetative Propagation

A Beginner’s Guide to Begonias: Vegetative Propagation

Julian Ginori, Heqiang Huo, Zhanao Deng, and Sandra Wilson

This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is written for Florida nursery operators, landscape professionals, and individuals interested in propagating their own begonias. It goes into detail on how to multiply begonias via vegetative propagation. Written by Julian Ginori, Heqiang Huo, Zhanao Deng, and Sandra Wilson.

thumbnail for publication: A Beginner’s Guide to Producing and Saving Open-Pollinated Seeds for North Florida Farmers and Gardeners

A Beginner’s Guide to Producing and Saving Open-Pollinated Seeds for North Florida Farmers and Gardeners

Tere Davidson, Melissa DeSa, and Héctor E. Pérez

Seed saving is the art and practice of preserving and sharing seeds from desired open-pollinated plants. Saving seeds has many benefits and motivations that may include improving the adaptability of a crop to a region or microclimate, preserving cultural traditions and foods, growing for nutrient density and flavor preferences, saving on the cost of seed purchases, and connecting to local communities through seed sharing. For example, you may start saving seeds to preserve a beloved heirloom variety with flavors that remind you of home or to improve on a crop that performed particularly well. Saving your own seeds can save money, as one good growing season can produce many years' worth of seeds. This publication is for farmers and gardeners interested in producing, using, or donating seeds from open-pollinated plants. It recommends practices to produce, harvest, and store seeds from annual vegetable, fruit, and herb crops. This guidance is not intended for commercial purposes.

thumbnail for publication: A Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Approach to Pest Management in Your Edible Landscape

A Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Approach to Pest Management in Your Edible Landscape

Tina McIntyre, Rachel Gutner, Hamutahl Cohen, Tiare Silvasy, and Esen Momol

This new 8-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department defines different types of pests that a home gardener might encounter and encourages diversifying landscapes as a solution to pest problems. It focuses on what is called “the triangle” of IPM, a guide to managing pests using multiple methods, and provides examples of Integrated Pest Management tools that can be applied in the home context to address these pests. Several links to resources relevant to edible Florida-Friendly landscapes are included. Written by Tina McIntyre, Rachel Gutner, Hamutahl Cohen, Tiare Silvasy, and Esen Momol.

thumbnail for publication: Adopting a Florida-Friendly Landscape: Steps for Converting a Typical Development Landscape to a Florida-Friendly Landscape

Adopting a Florida-Friendly Landscape: Steps for Converting a Typical Development Landscape to a Florida-Friendly Landscape

Gail Hansen, Jennifer Ramos, E. A. Felter, Celeste White

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

thumbnail for publication: African Violets

African Violets

Sydney Park Brown

Revised! ENH-17, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Sydney Park Brown, describes this popular house plant that grows and flowers under light conditions found in the average home, including requirements for lighting, temperature and humidity, soil and pots, watering, fertilizer, propagation and pest management. Includes references.

thumbnail for publication: Amaryllis

Amaryllis

Sydney Park Brown and Robert J. Black

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

thumbnail for publication: Apalachee Crapemyrtle—Lagerstroemia indica × fauriei 'Apalachee'

Apalachee Crapemyrtle—Lagerstroemia indica × fauriei 'Apalachee'

Gary W. Knox

‘Apalachee’ crapemyrtle is a small deciduous tree with lavender flowers, dark green leaves, and cinnamon-orange bark. Lagerstroemia indica x fauriei ‘Apalachee’ is one of the hybrids released in 1987 from the breeding program of the U.S. National Arboretum. It grows as an upright to vase-shaped multi-stemmed tree in USDA Cold Hardiness Zones 7a-9b.

Arbor, Trellis, or Pergola—What's in Your Garden? A Mini-Dictionary of Garden Structures and Plant Forms

Gail Hansen

thumbnail for publication: Bahiagrass for Florida Lawns

Bahiagrass for Florida Lawns

Marco Schiavon, J. Bryan Unruh, and Kevin E. Kenworthy

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Homeowner audience(s).

Basic Principles of Landscape Design

Gail Hansen

thumbnail for publication: Bermudagrass for Florida Lawns

Bermudagrass for Florida Lawns

Laurie E. Trenholm, Marco Schiavon, J. Bryan Unruh, and Travis W. Shaddox

Bermudagrasses are among the most widely used warm-season grasses. Improved, fine-textured bermudagrasses are used throughout the South on golf courses, athletic fields, and in high-profile residential and commercial landscapes where a fine-textured, dense ground cover is desired. This publication reviews current cultivars available in Florida and best management practices for maintaining bermudagrass lawns in Florida. Minor revision by L. Trenholm, M. Schiavon, J.B. Unruh, and T. Shaddox; 5 pp.

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Benghal Dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in Ornamental Crop Production

Biology and Management of Benghal Dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in Ornamental Crop Production

Yuvraj Khamare, Chris Marble, and Robert Stamps

Benghal dayflower has many characteristics that make it a very troublesome weed in Florida landscapes, nurseries and other agricultural production areas. This 5-page article is written for green industry professionals and others to aid in the identification and management of benghal dayflower in and around ornamental plants. Major revision by Yuvraj Khamare, Chris Marble, and Robert Stamps, and published by the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department.

Biology and Management of Common Chickweed (Stellaria media) in Ornamental Crop Production

Yuvraj Khamare, Chris Marble, Nathan Boyd, and Shawn Steed

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Creeping Beggarweed (Desmodium incanum) in Warm-Season Turf

Biology and Management of Creeping Beggarweed (Desmodium incanum) in Warm-Season Turf

Grantly Ricketts and Chris Marble

Biology and Management of Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) in Ornamental Crop Production and Landscapes

Kaley Mierek, Chris Marble, Nathan Boyd, and Shawn Steed

Biology and Management of Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora) in Ornamental Crop Production

Yuvraj Khamare, Chris Marble, Nathan Boyd, and Shawn Steed

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) in Ornamental Crop Production

Biology and Management of Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) in Ornamental Crop Production

Chris Marble, Shawn Steed, and Nathan S. Boyd

A UF/IFAS numbered Management for Commercial audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Integrated Pest Management

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Florida Betony (Stachys floridana) in Ornamental Plants in Landscape Planting Beds

Biology and Management of Florida Betony (Stachys floridana) in Ornamental Plants in Landscape Planting Beds

Thomas Smith and Chris Marble

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. Published by Integrated Pest Management

Biology and Management of Galinsoga (Galinsoga quadriradiata) in Ornamental Crop Production

Thomas Smith, Chris Marble, Shawn Steed, and Nathan Boyd

Biology and Management of Garden Spurge (Euphorbia hirta) in Ornamental Crop Production

Thomas Smith, Chris Marble, Shawn Steed, and Nathan Boyd

Biology and Management of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.) in Ornamental Plant Production

Shawn Steed, Christopher Marble, Nathan S. Boyd, Andrew MacRae, and Kiran Fnu

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Graceful Sandmat (Euphorbia hypericifolia) in Ornamental Crop Production

Biology and Management of Graceful Sandmat (Euphorbia hypericifolia) in Ornamental Crop Production

Theresa Chormanski, Chris Marble, and Lyn Gettys

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Biology and Management of Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) in Ornamental Crop Production

Chris Marble, Shawn Steed, and Nathan S. Boyd

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Ornamental Crop Production and Landscapes

Biology and Management of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Ornamental Crop Production and Landscapes

Ping Yu, Ernest Kraka, and Chris Marble

Johnsongrass is a warm-season perennial grass and one of the most persistent and troublesome weeds in the southern United States. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department was developed to help commercial nursery growers, landscapers, and other green industry professionals identify and manage johnsongrass. Written by Ping Yu, Ernest Kraka, and Chris Marble.

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) in Ornamental Crop Production

Biology and Management of Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) in Ornamental Crop Production

Chris Marble, Marc S. Frank, Dail Laughinghouse, Shawn Steed, and Nathan Boyd

Biology and Management of Long-Stalked Phyllanthus in Ornamental Crop Production

Theresa Chormanski, Chris Marble, and Lyn Gettys

A UF/IFAS numbered Management for Commercial audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Biology and Management of Mulberry Weed (Fatoua villosa) in Ornamental Crop Production

Chris Marble and Shawn Steed

A UF/IFAS numbered Management for Commercial audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Oxalis (Oxalis stricta) in Ornamental Crop Production

Biology and Management of Oxalis (Oxalis stricta) in Ornamental Crop Production

Matt Lollar and Chris Marble

A UF/IFAS numbered Management for Commercial audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Integrated Pest Management

Biology and Management of Pilea microphylla (Artillery Weed) in Ornamental Crop Production

Debalina Saha, Chris Marble, Shawn Steed, and Nathan Boyd

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) in the Home Landscape

Biology and Management of Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) in the Home Landscape

Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble

Poison ivy is an allergenic plant of the cashew family native to North America. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac all grow in Florida and contain the oily resin called urushiol. This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department was written to aid landowners, gardeners, horticulturalists, and pest management professionals in identification and management of poison ivy in residential and commercial landscapes. Written by Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble.

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Praxelis (Praxelis clematidea) in Ornamental Crop Production

Biology and Management of Praxelis (Praxelis clematidea) in Ornamental Crop Production

Yuvraj Khamare, Chris Marble, Shawn Steed, and Nathan Boyd

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Management for Commercial audience(s). Published by Integrated Pest Management

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Pusley (Richardia L.) in Turfgrass and Landscape Planting Beds

Biology and Management of Pusley (Richardia L.) in Turfgrass and Landscape Planting Beds

Evan Anderson, Pawel Petelewicz, and Chris Marble

This new 7-page article was written for homeowners and green industry professionals to aid in the identification and management of the three most common pusleys, including Florida, Brazilian, and largeflower pusley (Richardia spp.), in turfgrass and landscape planting beds. Written by Evan Anderson, Pawel Petelewicz, and Chris Marble, and published by the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department.

Biology and Management of Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorous L.) in Ornamental Crop Production

Debalina Saha, Chris Marble, Robert H. Stamps, Shawn Steed, and Nathan S. Boyd

Biology and Management of Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorous L.) in Tomato, Pepper, Cucurbit, and Strawberry Production

Nathan S. Boyd, Shaun M. Sharpe, Chris Marble, and Shawn Steed

Ragweed parthenium is an herbaceous annual or short-lived perennial weed. It is difficult to manage in many fields due to known resistance to commonly used herbicides. There are a limited number of modes of action that can be used in some vegetable and berry crops. This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department provides management recommendations. Written by Nathan S. Boyd, Shaun M. Sharpe, Chris Marble, and Shawn Steed.

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Spanish Needles (Bidens spp.) in Ornamental Crop Production

Biology and Management of Spanish Needles (Bidens spp.) in Ornamental Crop Production

Yuvraj Khamare, Chris Marble, Shawn Steed, and Nathan Boyd

Biology and Management of Tasselflower (Emilia spp.) in Ornamental Crop Production

Yuvraj Khamare, Chris Marble, Shawn Steed, and Nathan Boyd

The name tasselflower refers to two similar and closely related species, red or lilac tasselflower and Florida tasselflower. These species are very common in Florida nurseries, greenhouses, and landscapes. This new 6-page article was developed to help nursery growers, landscape professionals, and the general public identify tasselflower species, understand their biology, and provide information on ways to manage this weed. Written by Yuvraj Khamare, Chris Marble, Shawn Steed, and Nathan Boyd.

Biology and Management of Thickhead (Crassocephalum crepidioides) in Ornamental Crop Production

Allison Bechtloff, Shawn Steed, Chris Marble, and Nathan Boyd

Biology and Management of Torpedograss (Panicum repens) in Ornamental Landscape Planting Beds

Yuvraj Khamare, Candice Prince, and Chris Marble

Torpedograss is one of the most invasive perennial grass species in Florida landscapes. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department was written for green industry professionals and others to aid in the identification and management of torpedograss in landscape planting beds. Written by Yuvraj Khamare, Candice Prince, and Chris Marble.

thumbnail for publication: Biology and Management of Yellow (Cyperus escuelentus) and Purple Nutsedge (C. rotundus) in Ornamental Crop Production and Landscapes

Biology and Management of Yellow (Cyperus escuelentus) and Purple Nutsedge (C. rotundus) in Ornamental Crop Production and Landscapes

Debalina Saha, Chris Marble, Nathan Boyd, and Shawn Steed

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Management for Commercial audience(s). Published by Plant Systems

thumbnail for publication: Bird-of-Paradise

Bird-of-Paradise

Sydney Park Brown and Robert J. Black

Includes description, related species, planting and care, propagation, and pest and disease problems.

thumbnail for publication: Boron Deficiency in Palms

Boron Deficiency in Palms

Timothy K. Broschat

Chronic boron deficiency is believed to be caused by soil drying and high soil pH, while temporary deficiency is caused by heavy leaching. It results in a wide array of symptoms, not only among species of palms, but also within a single species. This revised 5-page fact sheet contains many illustrations to aid in diagnosis and management recommendations.

Bromeliads at a Glance

Sydney Park Brown

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Homeowner audience(s).

Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea) Flower Extract (BPFE) and Its Use as a pH-Dependent Natural Colorant

Sean Michael Campbell, Brian Pearson, and Chris Marble

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Food Systems

Calcium for Florida Turfgrasses

T. W. Shaddox

thumbnail for publication: Camellias at a Glance

Camellias at a Glance

Sydney Park Brown

Native to Asia, the first camellia plants were brought to America in 1797 and grown in New England greenhouses. Over the last 200 years, they have proven to be dependable additions to the southern landscape, where they grow and bloom with minimal care in most inland areas of North and Central Florida. Camellias are long lived and function well as foundation plantings, screens, accent plants, background groupings, and hedges. Camellias flower in the fall and winter when few other plants are blooming. For the remainder of the year, their glossy, evergreen foliage, interesting forms and textures, relatively slow growth, and low maintenance make camellias excellent landscape plants worthy of more use.

Capítulo 4—Restauración de los árboles después de un huracán

Edward F. Gilman y Traci Partin

ENH-1054-SP is the Spanish language version of ENG-1054, Restoring Trees after a Hurricane. It is part of the Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program series. It provides a step-by-step guide for restoring trees after a hurricane or windstorm so that trees can bring beauty and shade back to the community with reduced risk.

thumbnail for publication: Centipedegrass for Florida Lawns

Centipedegrass for Florida Lawns

J. B. Unruh, A. J. Lindsey, and M. Schiavon

Centipedegrass is a commonly grown, low input turfgrass used in landscapes throughout the state of Florida. This factsheet provide science based information on the culture and management of centipedegrass including mowing, irrigation, pest control, and cultural practices.

thumbnail for publication: Central Florida Gardening Calendar

Central Florida Gardening Calendar

Sydney Park Brown and Tiare Silvasy

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Homeowner audience(s).

Chapter 10—Selecting Quality Trees from the Nursery

Edward F. Gilman and Laura P. Sadowski

ENH1060 discusses site conditions and after-care as related to maximum tree size at planting, root ball characteristics, appropriate tree production method, and tree structure, and describes quality factors to evaluate.

Chapter 11—Planting and Establishing Trees

Edward F. Gilman and Laura P. Paterson

ENH1061 details 10 steps for proper tree planting, as well as establishing trees and root management.

Chapter 12—Developing a Preventative Pruning Program: Young Trees

Edward F. Gilman and Amanda Bisson

Trees growing in urban and suburban landscapes offer many benefits to the community. However, when a tree or part of a tree breaks, it can cause extensive damage to people and /or property. A preventive pruning program is an important tool used to help mitigate the risks from tree defects. Preventive pruning helps to promote good structure, making trees more resistant to storms and other natural forces. This fact sheet describes the components of preventative structural pruning, discusses how to determine pruning objectives, the pruning cycle and, lastly, proposes how to implement a preventative pruning plan for young trees in your community.

Chapter 13—Developing a Preventative Pruning Program: Mature Trees

Edward F. Gilman and Amanda Bisson

ENH1063, a 14-page full color fact sheet by Edward F. Gilman and Amanda Bisson, is part of the Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program series. It describes seven main objectives, along with pruning types that help meet those objectives, which can be expanded or shortened to meet site conditions and customer expectations. It also describes how to determine a pruning cycle and how to implement a preventative pruning plan for mature trees.

Chapter 4—Restoring Trees after a Hurricane

Edward F. Gilman and Traci Partin

ENH-1054 provides a step-by-step guide for restoring trees after a hurricane or windstorm so that trees can bring beauty and shade back to the community with reduced risk.

Chapter 6—Design Solutions for a More Wind-Resistant Urban Forest

Edward F. Gilman and Traci Partin

ENH1056 describes how to adjust existing design situations where roots are in conflict with the landscape, how to design new situations where space is limited, sustainable parking lot design, and tree selection.

Chapter 7—Choosing Suitable Trees for Urban and Suburban Sites: Site Evaluation and Species Selection.

Edward F. Gilman and Laura P. Sadowski

ENH1057 discusses site evaluation, modification, maintenance practices, desirable tree attributes, and tree selection.

Chilling Injury in Tropical Foliage Plants: I. Spathiphyllum

Jianjun Chen, Luping Qu, R. J. Henny, Cynthia A. Robinson, Russell D. Caldwell, and Yingfeng Huang

Chilling Injury in Tropical Foliage Plants: II. Aglaonema

Jianjun Chen, Richard W. Henley, Richard J. Henny, Russell D. Caldwell, and Cynthia A. Robinson

Chilling Injury in Tropical Foliage Plants: III. Dieffenbachia

Jianjun Chen

Cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco L.) Identification and Uses

Stephen H. Brown and Marc S. Frank

thumbnail for publication: Cold Damage on Palms

Cold Damage on Palms

Timothy K. Broschat

ENH-92 describes how cold temperatures affect palms and how to treat them following a cold weather event.

Cold Protection of Foliage Plants in Shadehouses and Greenhouses

Robert H. Stamps, Jianjun Chen, Seenivasan Natarajan, Andhra Pradesh, and Lawrence R. Parsons

thumbnail for publication: Cold Protection of Landscape Plants

Cold Protection of Landscape Plants

Sydney Park Brown

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Color in the Landscape: Finding Inspiration for a Color Theme

Gail Hansen and Erin Alvarez

thumbnail for publication: Commercial Production of Ornamental Tropical Foliage Plants: Micropropagation

Commercial Production of Ornamental Tropical Foliage Plants: Micropropagation

J. Chen and R. J. Henny

Common Media Used in Hydroponics

Morgan Pinkerton, Brianna Whitman, Hannah Eason, and Celina Gomez

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without using soil. In hydroponics, plants can be grown either directly in a nutrient solution (water-culture) or in an inert media (media-culture). In media-culture, the type of media is critical to the success of plant production. Designed for hydroponic beginners, this new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department will cover the basic properties of media and specifically discuss media commonly used in hydroponics. Written by Morgan Pinkerton, Brianna Whitman, Hannah Wooten, and Celina Gomez.

thumbnail for publication: Common Native Wildflowers of North Florida

Common Native Wildflowers of North Florida

Jeffrey G. Norcini

Common Poisonous Houseplant Species in Florida

Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble

Plants inside our homes, offices, or those used as part of a patio garden have been shown to create a relaxed, productive environment and to improve indoor air quality. Overall, they are efficient, low-cost, and sustainable. While houseplants are safe to grow and provide many benefits, some can be toxic if ingested accidentally, which could be a concern for those with pets or small children. This publication is intended to inform homeowners, home gardeners, pest management professionals, and other plant enthusiasts of some of the most common poisonous plant species used as houseplants in Florida. It should be noted that while photos are provided of each species, there are many variations of each plant described, which could have different foliage color, variegations, slightly different leaf shapes, or flower colors.

thumbnail for publication: Common Poisonous Landscape Plant Species in Florida

Common Poisonous Landscape Plant Species in Florida

Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble

In this rapidly urbanizing world, landscape plants serve as a convenient pathway for individuals to engage with nature. Due to Florida's subtropical climate, a vast array of diverse plant species is commonly used in home landscapes. However, it is important to note that many landscape plants can be toxic if consumed, posing risks to small children, pets, and even livestock such as cattle, horses, or sheep. These plant species can still be utilized in the landscape, but it is important to understand which species are toxic to prevent accidental exposure, particularly in environments where small children or pets could inadvertently come into contact with them. This EDIS publication informs home gardeners, pest management professionals, and other plant enthusiasts of some of the most common plants in home landscapes in Florida, focusing particularly on poisonous species that could potentially cause harm if ingested.

Common Poisonous Weed and Invasive Plant Species in Florida Residential Landscapes

Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble

This new 10-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is intended to inform home gardeners, pest management professionals, and other plant enthusiasts of some of the most common poisonous invasive plants or weed species common in home landscapes in Florida, with particular focus on species that could potentially cause harm if ingested. Written by Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble.

Common Wetland and Aquatic Plants of Lake Apopka, Florida (USA)

Carrie Reinhardt Adams, Laura Reynolds, Charles W. Martin, Christine Rohal, Ryan Goebel, and Jodi Slater

A UF/IFAS numbered publication.

Community ButterflyScaping: How to Move Beyond Butterfly Gardening to Create a Large-Scale Butterfly Habitat

Kathy C. Malone, Wendy Wilber, Gail Hansen, Jaret C. Daniels, Claudia Larsen, and Esen Momol

Compost Tips for the Home Gardener

Sydney Park Brown

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Homeowner audience(s).

Compost-formulated Media for Foliage Plant Production

Jianjun Chen and Dennis B. McConnell

Concepts for Sustainable Landscape Mosaics

Tina McIntyre, Rachel Gutner, and Sandra Wilson

This new 9-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is for Florida homeowners, residential and commercial property managers, and landscape architects interested in creating aesthetically pleasing landscapes and to help individuals choose the right plant for the right place. Written by Tina McIntyre, Rachel Gutner, and Sandra Wilson.

Considerations for Selection and Use of Ornamental Grasses

Mack Thetford and Mary Salinas

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Urban Water

thumbnail for publication: Container Production of Palms

Container Production of Palms

Alan W. Meerow and Timothy K. Broschat

This document summarizes all the good practices for growing palms in containers. Container-grown palms are raised for essentially three markets: liners for field production wholesale or mass market retail sales for landscapes, and interior specimens, both mass market houseplants and interiorscape use. The largest market for container grown palms is the interior. Palms are outstanding plants for the interior environment. When properly acclimated, a large number of subtropical and tropical palm species are capable of residing under low light conditions for a relatively long period of time.

Coreopsis leavenworthii Leavenworth's Tickseed

Edward F. Gilman, Jeffrey G. Norcini, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

thumbnail for publication: Crapemyrtle Pruning

Crapemyrtle Pruning

Gary W. Knox, Edward F. Gilman, Teagan Young, Ryan W. Klein, and Leynar Leyton

Pruning is one of the most controversial aspects of maintaining crapemyrtle. Traditionally, many crapemyrtles were routinely topped, leaving large branch and stem stubs. This practice has been called "crape murder" because most people dislike the winter appearance and many professionals believe the practice impacts crapemyrtle health and structural integrity. UF/IFAS research has clarified the effects of various crapemyrtle pruning practices that resulted in the recommendations in this publication.

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of African Violets (Saintpaulia ionantha)

J. Chen and R. J. Henny

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Boston Fern (Nephrolepsis exaltata 'Bostoniensis')

Bill Schall, Heqiang Huo, and Jianjun Chen

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Aglaonema

Jianjun Chen, Dennis B. McConnell, Richard J. Henny, and Kelly C. Everitt

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Anthurium

Jianjun Chen, Dennis B. McConnell, Richard J. Henny, and Kelly C. Everitt

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Calathea

Jianjun Chen and Dennis B. McConnell

thumbnail for publication: Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Dieffenbachia

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Dieffenbachia

Jianjun Chen, Dennis B. McConnell, Richard J. Henny, and Kelly C. Everitt

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Dracaena

Dennis B. McConnell, Jianjun Chen, Richard J. Henny, and Kelly C. Everitt

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Epipremnum

Dennis B. McConnell, Jianjun Chen, Richard J. Henny, and Kelly C. Everitt

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Ficus

Jianjun Chen, Dennis B. McConnell, Richard J. Henny, and Kelly C. Everitt

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Fire Flash (Chlorophytum amaniense)

Jianjun Chen, Dennis B. McConnell, and Richard J. Henny

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Hedera

Jianjun Chen, Dennis B. McConnell, and Kelly C. Everitt

thumbnail for publication: Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Philodendron

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Philodendron

Dennis B. McConnell, Jianjun Chen, Richard J. Henny, and Kelly C. Everitt

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Spathiphyllum

Jianjun Chen, Dennis B. McConnell, Richard J. Henny, and Kelly C. Everitt

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape Syngonium

Jianjun Chen, Dennis B. McConnell, and Kelly C. Everitt

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape ZZ (Zamioculcas zamiifolia)

Jianjun Chen, Richard J. Henny, and Dennis B. McConnell

Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Purple Passion Plant (Gynura aurantiaca)

Jianjun Chen and Richard J. Henny

Daylilies for Florida

Sydney Park Brown

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

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