Citrus REC

2014/15 Average Packing Charges for Florida Fresh Citrus

Ariel Singerman

A survey of Florida fresh citrus packers was conducted in April 2015 to collect data on their packing charges during the 2014/15 season. A total of sixteen packinghouses participated in the survey, seven from the Interior region and nine from the Indian River region. The average of their responses was computed to obtain the estimates presented in this document. 

2014/15 Picking, Roadsiding, and Hauling Charges for Florida Citrus

Ariel Singerman

2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Planting New Citrus Groves in Florida in the Era of Citrus Greening

Ariel Singerman, Marina Burani-Arouca, and Stephen H. Futch

2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024-2025 Quick Reference Guide to Citrus Insecticides and Miticides

L.M. Diepenbrock, L. L. Stelinski, J. D. Burrow, and J. A. Qureshi

A two-page quick reference guide to citrus insecticides and miticides recommended in the Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide, their effects on important citrus pests, and their natural enemies.

2024-2025 Quick Reference Guide to Postemergence Herbicides for Citrus Weed Control

Ramdas Kanissery, Camille E. McAvoy, Jamie D. Burrow, Stephen H. Futch, Brent A. Sellers, and S. Shea Teems

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Management. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Integrated Pest Management

2024-2025 Quick Reference Guide to Preemergence/Residual Herbicides for Citrus Weed Control

R. Kanissery, W. Liu, J. D. Burrow, S. H. Futch, B. A. Sellers, and S. S. Teems

The 2-page document intends to provide readers with quick information (mode of action, weeds controlled, postharvest interval, usage restrictions, suggested rates, etc.) on different preemergent or soil-residual herbicides used in citrus. Compiled by R. Kanissery, W. Liu, J. D. Burrow, S. H. Futch, B. A. Sellers, and S. S. Teems and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department.

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

Lauren M. Diepenbrock, Megan M. Dewdney, and Tripti Vashisth, eds.

See here the full-format PDF of the 2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide, as well as links to its individual chapters.

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Alternaria Brown Spot

Megan M. Dewdney

2024-2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Best Management Practices for Soil-Applied Agricultural Chemicals

Davie M. Kadyampakeni and Larry W. Duncan

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Blight

Ozgur Batuman, Amit Levy, and Ronald H. Brlansky

2024-2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Brown Rot of Fruit

Megan M. Dewdney and Evan G. Johnson

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Canopy Management

Tripti Vashisth, Mongi Zekri, Fernando Alferez, and Muhammad A. Shahid

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Citrus Black Spot

Megan M. Dewdney, Callie Walker, Pamela D. Roberts, and Natalia A. Peres

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Citrus Canker

Megan M. Dewdney and Evan G. Johnson

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Citrus Cold Protection

Chris Oswalt and Tripti Vashisth

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Citrus Root Weevils

Larry W. Duncan, Lukasz Stelinski, and Lauren Diepenbrock

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Citrus Scab

Megan M. Dewdney

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Citrus under Protective Screen (CUPS) Production Systems

Arnold W. Schumann, Ariel Singerman, Mark A. Ritenour, Jawwad Qureshi, and Fernando Alferez

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Crop Insurance Policies Available to Citrus Growers

Ariel Singerman

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Decay Control of Florida Fresh Citrus

Mark A. Ritenour, Jiuxu "John" Zhang, Liliana M. Cano, and Megan M. Dewdney

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Exocortis, Cachexia, and Other Viroids

Amit Levy, Ozgur Batuman, and Ronald H. Brlansky

2024-2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Fertilizer Application Methods

Mongi Zekri, Arnold W. Schumann, Tripti Vashisth, Davie M. Kadyampakeni, Kelly T. Morgan, Brian Boman, Muhammad A. Shahid, and Thomas A. Obreza

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Food Safety Requirements and Considerations for the Florida Citrus Grower

Taylor O'Bannon, Michelle D. Danyluk, Renée M. Goodrich-Schneider, Keith R. Schneider, Mark A. Ritenour, and Tripti Vashisth

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Fresh Fruit Pesticide Residue Limits

Mark A. Ritenour

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Greasy Spot

Megan M. Dewdney

2024-2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Grove Planning and Establishment

Christopher Vincent, Tripti Vashisth, Mongi Zekri, and Ute Albrecht

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening)

Megan M. Dewdney, Tripti Vashisth, and Lauren M. Diepenbrock

2023–2024 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Interpreting PPE Statements on Pesticide Labels

Jason A. Ferrell and Frederick M. Fishel

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Irrigation Management of Citrus Trees

Davie M. Kadyampakeni, Kelly T. Morgan, Mongi Zekri, Arnold W. Schumann, Sandra Guzmán, Fernando Alferez, Muhammad A. Shahid, and Thomas A. Obreza

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Melanose

Megan M. Dewdney

2024-2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Nematodes

Larry W. Duncan, Joe W. Noling, and Renato N. Inserra

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Nutrition Management for Citrus Trees

Kelly T. Morgan, Davie M. Kadyampakeni, Mongi Zekri, Arnold W. Schumann, Tripti Vashisth, Muhammad A. Shahid, and Thomas A. Obreza

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Pesticide Application Technology

Masoud Salyani

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Pesticide Resistance and Resistance Management

Lauren M. Diepenbrock, Megan M. Dewdney, and Ramdas Kanissery

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Pesticides Registered for Use on Florida Citrus

Lauren M. Diepenbrock, Megan M. Dewdney, Tripti Vashisth, and Ramdas Kanissery

2023–2024 Florida Citrus Production Guide.

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Phytophthora Foot Rot, Crown Rot, and Root Rot

Megan M. Dewdney and Evan G. Johnson

2024-2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Plant Bugs, Chewing Insect Pests, Caribbean Fruit Fly, and Thrips

Xavier Martini and Lauren M. Diepenbrock

2024-2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Plant Growth Regulators

Tripti Vashisth, Chris Oswalt, Mongi Zekri, Fernando Alferez, Jamie D. Burrow, and Muhammad A. Shahid

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Postbloom Fruit Drop

Natalia A. Peres and Megan M. Dewdney

2024-2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Quick Reference Guide to the Worker Protection Standard (WPS)

Emily C. Kraus and Brett W. Bultemeier

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Root Health Management

Kelly T. Morgan, Davie M. Kadyampakeni, and Sarah Strauss

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Rootstock and Scion Selection

Ute Albrecht, Fernando Alferez, John M. Chater, and Mongi Zekri

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Rust Mites, Spider Mites, and Other Phytophagous Mites

Jawwad Qureshi, Lukasz Stelinski, Xavier Martini, and Lauren M. Diepenbrock

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Soft-Bodied Insects Attacking Foliage and Fruit

Lauren M. Diepenbrock, Lukasz Stelinski, Xavier Martini, and Jawwad Qureshi

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Tristeza Decline

Ozgur Batuman, Amit Levy, Mark E. Hilf, Peggy J. Sieburth, Ronald H. Brlansky, and William O. Dawson

2024-2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Weeds

Ramdas Kanissery and Brent A. Sellers

2024–2025 Florida Citrus Production Guide

2024–2025 Quick Reference Guide for Foliar Fungicides

Megan M. Dewdney

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s).

A Close-up Look at Screens for Excluding Asian Citrus Psyllids

Timothy A. Ebert, Arnold W. Schumann, Laura Waldo, Daniel Stanton, and Philippe Rolshausen

Building a physical barrier around citrus trees or groves can prevent contact between trees and Asian citrus psyllids, the carrier of the pathogen that causes huanglongbing. This new 4-page article is for growers, scientists, and industries that are interested in this approach to protect citrus from huanglongbing. Written by Timothy A. Ebert, Arnold W. Schumann, Laura Waldo, Daniel Stanton, and Philippe Rolshausen, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences.

A Guide to Citrus Disease Identification

Stephen H. Futch

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

A Guide to Citrus Mite Identification

S. H. Futch, C. C. Childers, and C. W. McCoy

A Guide to Citrus Nutritional Deficiency and Toxicity Identification

Stephen H. Futch and David P. H. Tucker

A Guide to Identification of Soft-bodied Citrus Insect Pests

S. H. Futch, C. W. McCoy, J. P. Michaud, and C. C. Childers

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

A Guide to Scale Insect Identification

S. H. Futch, C. W. McCoy, and C. C. Childers

A Guide to Soil Insect Pests Identification

S. H. Futch, C. W. McCoy, and H. N. Nigg

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

A Non-Technical Introduction to Electropenetrography and Its Application with Asian Citrus Psyllid as an Example

T. A. Ebert, A. W. Schumann, and A. J. Krajewski

Protecting plants by targeting insect vectors of pathogenic organisms requires an intimate understanding of the biology of the insect, the pathogen, and the plant host at a spatial scale relevant to the insect. Observing insect feeding is difficult because insect mouthparts are small, and many insects insert their mouthparts deep inside plants, where we cannot see them. Electropenetrography (EPG) is the only technique that overcomes these problems. Using EPG, we can understand host-insect relationships, pesticide action, and the role of non-hosts. EPG can address ecological questions like "How do insects survive long migrations over regions devoid of known host plants?" It can also address applied questions: "Will the pest feed on my new cultivar?" This light introduction to an underused key technology focuses on a single example insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid, but EPG has great potential to improve pest management efforts for many crops and insect vectors.

Ambersweet Orange

Larry K. Jackson and Stephen H. Futch

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Biology and Management of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in Citrus Groves

Nirmal Timilsina, Sharpton Toussaint, Camille McAvoy and Ramdas Kanissery

Horseweed has gained importance in recent years due to reports of the development of herbicide resistance to several modes of action, including glyphosate and paraquat. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department presents information about the lifecycle, identification, and management of horseweed in citrus groves. This publication is mainly intended for Florida citrus growers but will also be helpful for Extension agents, crop consultants, and others interested in citrus production. Written by Nirmal Timilsina, Sharpton Toussaint, Camille McAvoy and Ramdas Kanissery.

Choose the Right Citrus Rootstock

William S. Castle, Stephen H. Futch, and Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi

Citrus Black Spot

Megan M. Dewdney and Natalia A. Peres

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Citrus Canker and Citrus Leprosis Fruit Symptom Comparison

A. Levy, J. D. Burrow, and M. M. Dewdney

This publication is intended to guide citrus growers in distinguishing the difference between citrus canker and citrus leprosis. 

Citrus Canker Symptoms on Nursery Trees

Timothy D. Riley, Megan M. Dewdney, and Jamie D. Burrow

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s).

Citrus Disease Identification Chart

Amit Levy, Jamie D. Burrow, and Megan M. Dewdney

This flowchart is intended to help both commercial citrus growers and home gardeners in properly identifying common citrus diseases on fruit, leaves, and stems. Proper identification will help determine the appropriate management strategy. Written by Amit Levy, Jamie D. Burrow, and Megan M. Dewdney, and published by the UF/IFAS Plant Pathology Department.

Citrus Diseases Exotic to Florida: Citrus Leprosis

O. Batuman, A. Levy, P. Sieburth, A. M. Paolillo, K.-R. Chung, and R. H. Brlansky

Citrus Flavonoid Effects on Obesity

Yu Wang and Laura Reuss

Citrus Fruit Blemishes and Decay Caused by Fungi and Bacteria

Mark A Ritenour, Jamie D Burrow, Megan M Dewdney, and John Zhang

This is a quick identification tool of citrus blemishes and fruit decay caused by fungi and bacteria in Florida citrus.

Citrus Fruit Disorders and Physical/Chemical Injuries

Mark A. Ritenour, Jamie D. Burrow, Megan M. Dewdney, and John Zhang

This quick reference guide is an identification tool for common disorders and injuries in Florida citrus.

Citrus Irrigation Management

Davie Kadyampakeni, Kelly Morgan, Mongi Zekri, Rhuanito Ferrarezi, Arnold Schumann, and Thomas Obreza

The chapter on irrigation management of citrus is largely taken from guidelines provided in SL253 on trees prior to Huanglongbing (HLB) prevalent conditions. A section has been added to cover recent findings on water use of trees affected by HLB and the impact this would have on the irrigation management considerations. This document is SL446, one of a series of the Soil and Water Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2017.

Citrus Leaf Sampling Procedures for Nutrient Analysis

Tripti Vashisth, Jamie D. Burrow, Davie Kadyampakeni, and Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi

Single-page guide to citrus leaf sampling procedures with additional suggestions for HLB-affected trees and guidelines for interpreting orange tree leaf nutrient analysis.

Citrus Leprosis Fruit, Leaf, and Stem Symptom Identification

Amit Levy, Ozgur Batuman, Megan M. Dewdney, and Jamie D. Burrow

This new two-page handout provides a brief summary of citrus leprosis symptoms. Written by Amit Levy, Ozgur Batuman, Megan M. Dewdney, and Jamie D. Burrow and published by the UF/IFAS Plant Pathology Department.

Citrus Nursery Production Guide, Chapter 4: Rootstock Selection

Ute Albrecht, Manjul Dutt, Jude Grosser

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Citrus Nursery Production Guide, Chapter 6: Citrus Rootstock Propagation: Traditional Techniques and Recent Advances

Ute Albrecht, Lorenzo Rossi, and Mongi Zekri

A UF/IFAS numbered Management. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Citrus Nursery Production Guide, Chapter 7: Seed and Budwood Production, Transport, and Conservation

Fernando Alferez and Mireia Bordas

Citrus Nursery Production Guide, Chapter 8: Stock Plant and Tree Production: b) Irrigation and Fertilization

Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi

Citrus Nutrition Management Practices

Jamie D. Burrow, Tripti Vashisth, Mongi Zekri, Stephen H. Futch, and Arnold Schumann

This document is HS1292, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 2017.

Citrus Pest Quick Guide: Ambrosia Beetles

Lauren M. Diepenbrock and Jamie D. Burrow

Citrus Pest Quick Guide: Broadwinged Katydid (Microcentrum rhombifolium)

L. M. Diepenbrock, K. L. Ray, and J. D. Burrow

This publication is a brief description of the life cycle and damage of the broadwinged katydid.

Citrus Pest Quick Guide: California Red Scale (Aonidiella aurantii)

X. Martini and J. Price

This factsheet gives the general public and citrus growers basic knowledge regarding the California red scale. Written by X. Martini and J. Price, and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department, November 2022.

Citrus Pest Quick Guide: Citrus Rust Mite and Pink Citrus Rust Mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashmead) (Aculops pelekassi Keifer)

L. M. Diepenbrock and J. D. Burrow

This publication is a brief description of the life cycle and damage of citrus rust mite and pink citrus rust mite. It is one publication in a series of quick guides to citrus pests. Each fact sheet is designed to be a quick reference of citrus pests for both residential and commercial industry audiences. 

Citrus Pest Quick Guide: Citrus Whitefly (Dialeurodes citri)

X. Martini, L. M. Diepenbrock, K. L. Ray, and J. D. Burrow

This is an identification guide for citrus whitefly and citrus whitefly damage.

Citrus Pest Quick Guide: Cottony Cushion Scale (Icerya purchasi)

L. M. Diepenbrock, K. L. Ray and J. D. Burrow

This publication is about the life cycle and damage of cottony cushion scale.

Citrus Pest Quick Guide: Flower Thrips (Frankliniella bispinosa Morgan and Frankliniella kelliae Sakimura)

X. Martini, L. M. Diepenbrock, K. L. Ray, and J. D. Burrow

This is a quick reference guide for identifying flower thrips and the damage flower thrips causes.

Citrus Pest Quick Guide: Orangedog (Papilio cresphontes)

L. M. Diepenbrock, K. L. Ray, and J. D. Burrow

This publication is a brief description of the life cycle and damage of the orangedog. It is one publication in a series of quick guides to citrus pests. Each fact sheet is designed to be a quick reference of citrus pests for both residential and commercial industry audiences.

Citrus Reset Management

Stephen H. Futch

Replacement of dead and diseased trees in Florida citrus groves has always been an important part of citrus production. Today, tree replacement is more important than ever since overhead and production costs are escalating and a full stand of productive trees is essential to maximize production and profits. In more recent times, Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, has accelerated tree loss rates as well as the ability for growers to bring young citrus trees into production. This revised fact sheet discusses a wide range of techniques for providing young tree care. Many of these should prove useful to Florida citrus growers confronted with the problem of managing resets.

Citrus Soil pH Management

Kelly Morgan

Citrus Soil pH Testing Procedures

Kelly Morgan

Citrus Sudden Death in Brazil

S. H. Futch, M. J. Beretta, and K. S. Derrick

Computer Tools for Diagnosing Citrus Leaf Symptoms (Part 2): Smartphone Apps for Expert Diagnosis of Citrus Leaf Symptoms

Arnold Schumann, Laura Waldo, Perseveranca Mungofa, and Chris Oswalt

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Cost of Producing Fresh Market Grapefruit in Indian River in 2018/19

Ariel Singerman

Cost of Producing Processed Oranges in Southwest Florida in 2017/18

Ariel Singerman

Cost of Producing Processed Oranges in Southwest Florida in 2018/19

Ariel Singerman

Cost of Production for Fresh Grapefruit Grown in Indian River, 2015/16

Ariel Singerman

Cost of Production for Fresh Grapefruit in East Florida (Indian River), 2014/15

Ariel Singerman

This article presents the cost of production per acre for growing fresh grapefruit in the Indian River region during 2014/15, based on a survey of growers conducted at the Indian River Citrus League production committee meeting in March 2015. The cost estimates do not represent any individual operation; rather, their purpose is to serve as a benchmark for the industry. Typical users of these estimates include growers, consultants, property appraisers, and researchers.

Cost of Production for Fresh Market Grapefruit Grown in Indian River, 2020/21

Ariel Singerman

This publication presents a summary of the costs of production for fresh market grapefruit grown in the Indian River region during 2020/21. The methodology chosen to collect the data consisted of surveying growers directly to closely reflect growers’ costs in the era of HLB. The total cost of production for fresh grapefruit in Indian River during 2020/21 was $2,999.46 per acre. Typical users of the estimates presented herein include growers and consultants, who use them as a benchmark; property appraisers, who use them to compute the taxes for property owners; and researchers, who use the estimates to evaluate the economic feasibility of potential new technologies.

Cost of Production for Processed Oranges Grown in Central Florida (Ridge), 2015/16

Ariel Singerman

Cost of Production for Processed Oranges Grown in Southwest Florida, 2015/16

Ariel Singerman

Cost of Production for Processed Oranges in Central Florida (Ridge), 2014/15

Ariel Singerman

UF/IFAS researchers collected data from five growers to estimate the cost of production per acre for processed oranges in central Florida during 2014/15. The cost estimates in this 4-page fact sheet do not represent any individual operation. Instead, their purpose is to serve as a benchmark for the Florida citrus industry. Typical users of these estimates include growers, consultants, property appraisers, and researchers.

Cost of Production for Processed Oranges in Southwest Florida in 2019/20

Ariel Singerman

This publication presents a summary of the 2019/20 costs of production for processed oranges grown in southwest Florida. The methodology chosen to collect the data consisted of surveying growers directly so as to reflect their costs. The main changes this season were the decrease in fertilizer and nutritionals spending, and the increase in insecticides. The total cost of production for processed oranges in 2019/20 was $2,095.05 per acre.

Cost of Production for Processed Oranges in Southwest Florida in 2020/21

Ariel Singerman

This publication presents a summary of the 2020/21 costs of production for processed oranges grown in southwest Florida. The methodology chosen to collect the data consisted of surveying growers directly so as to reflect their costs. The total cost of production for processed oranges in 2020/21 was $1,882.43 per acre. Typical users of these estimates include growers and consultants, who use them as a benchmark; property appraisers, who use them to compute the taxes for property owners; and researchers, who use the estimates to evaluate the economic feasibility of potential new technologies.

Cost of Production for Processed Oranges in Southwest Florida, 2014/15

Ariel Singerman

Cost of Production for Processed Oranges in Southwest Florida, 2016/17

Ariel Singerman