Wendy L. Wilber

Costs and Benefits of Vegetable Gardening

Kevin Athearn, Hannah Eason, Liz Felter, Catherine G. Campbell, Jessica M. Ryals, Matthew C. Lollar, Juanita Popenoe, Lorna Bravo, LuAnn Duncan, Christa Court, and Wendy Wilber

This publication serves as a guide for gardeners to estimate the costs of vegetable gardening. But first, we describe the benefits of gardening.

Community ButterflyScaping: How to Move Beyond Butterfly Gardening to Create a Large-Scale Butterfly Habitat

Kathy C. Malone, Wendy Wilber, Gail Hansen, Jaret C. Daniels, Claudia Larsen, and Esen Momol

Edible Landscaping Using the Nine Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Principles

Tiare Silvasy, Lynn Barber, Claire Lewis, Tina McIntyre, Tom Wichman, Gail Hansen, Jen Marvin, Terra Freeman, Joseph Sewards, Wendy Wilber, Jacqlyn Rivas, and Esen Momol

Maintaining edible landscapes in a way that protects the environment is an important concern for protecting Florida’s water quality. The objective of this new 7-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is to introduce the framework of the Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ principles and apply the principles to guide decisions about Best Management Practices (BMPs) for care of edible landscapes.

Floridians' Engagement in Landscape Best Practices to Protect Water Resources: Information from a 2018 Survey

Laura A. Warner, Esen Momol, Claire Lewis, Tom Wichman, Wendy Wilber, and A.J. Reisinger

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Urban Water

Getting Into the “Weeds:” An Introduction to Common Lawn Plants and Their Ecological Benefits in North Central Florida

Olesya Malakhova, Wendy L. Wilber, Sandra B. Wilson, Kacey A. Russo, Jesse C. Jones, Brooke L. Moffis, Johanna S. Walker, and Basil V. Iannone III

Maintaining monoculture lawns is resource intensive and can have environmental impacts on arthropod and aquatic communities. Here we introduce the reader to some of the many native plants that establish in lawns and if left to grow can provide ecological benefits to urban landscapes. Most resources and marketing regarding these plants focus on killing them rather than on their ecological benefits. This publication introduces the audience to these species and provides information about the biology and benefits of these species, as well as resources to learn more about self-recruiting lawn species.

Florida 4-H Horticulture Identification and Judging: Contest Rules and Glossary

Sydney Park Brown, Jeffrey G. Williamson, and Tom Wichman

This publication provides guidelines and information for Florida 4H members and Master Gardeners interested in horticulture and/or in participating in state contests held annually at 4-H Congress or the Master Gardener Annual Conference.

Abelia x grandiflora: Glossy Abelia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Abelia x grandiflora 'Edward Goucher': Edward Goucher Glossy Abelia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Abelia x grandiflora 'Sherwoodii': Sherwoodii Glossy Abelia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Acalypha hispida: Chenille Plant

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document is about the chenille plant (Acalypha hispida), a vigorous, upright shrub known for its striking red, drooping flowers. It typically grows 5 to 6 feet tall and thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10 through 11. The plant is evergreen, with ovate, medium-green leaves and requires full sun for optimal growth. It is commonly used as an accent, hedge, or container plant due to its long blooming period and ornamental features. The chenille plant is moderately drought-tolerant and performs well in various well-drained soils. It is propagated by cuttings and has no major disease concerns, though pests like scales, mites, and aphids can be problematic in some landscapes. Original publication date October 1999. 

Acalypha pendula: Dwarf Chenille Plant

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana: Copperleaf

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID for Homeowner audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Urban Water

Acer japonicum 'Vitifolium': Vitifolium Fullmoon Maple

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Acer palmatum 'Bloodgood' Bloodgood Japanese Maple

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Adiantum spp. Maidenhair Fern

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document is about the maidenhair fern (Adiantum spp.), a delicate, airy fern native to North America. It thrives in shady, moist environments and is suitable for both outdoor landscapes and indoor settings with bright, indirect light. The fern features light grey-green, soft foliage and is best planted in masses or as ground cover. It requires well-drained soils with high organic matter and does not tolerate dry conditions. The document details its growth habits, soil preferences, and potential pests, highlighting its ornamental value and suitability for various garden settings. Original publication date October 1999.

Aechmea blanchetiana Bromeliad

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Aechmea distichantha Bromeliad

Edward F. Gilman; Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Aechmea fasciata Silver Vase

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document is about Aechmea fasciata, commonly known as Silver Vase. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its silver-grey, banded foliage and brilliant pink flower stalk. The document covers growth requirements, such as partial shade and well-drained soil, and uses for mass planting, containers, and ground cover. It also highlights propagation methods and potential problems like scale and root rot. The bold form and coarse texture make it ideal for landscape design. Original publication date September 1999.

Aesculus parviflora: Bottlebrush Buckeye

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document is about the bottlebrush buckeye (Aesculus parviflora), a native shrub from Alabama, South Carolina, and Florida. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its rounded form, dark green foliage, and showy white flowers. The document also covers the plant’s growth conditions, such as its preference for moist, shaded habitats and its hardiness in zones 5 through 9A. Additionally, it highlights the uses and benefits of the bottlebrush buckeye in landscaping, noting its ornamental features, moderate growth rate, and pest resistance. The shrub is recommended for use as a specimen, screen, foundation, or border plant. Original publication date October 1999.

Agapanthus orientalis: Agapanthus, African Lily, Lily of the Nile

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Agave americana 'Marginata' Variegated Century Plant

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Agave angustifolia Century Plant, Variegated Caribbean Agave

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document is about the variegated Caribbean agave (Agave angustifolia), a striking plant known for its green leaves with bright white margins. It details the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and leaf structure, as well as its growth requirements such as light, soil, and water needs. The document also covers the plant’s uses in landscaping, highlighting its suitability for rock gardens and as an accent plant. Additionally, it addresses the plant’s hardiness and invasive potential, noting that it is not recommended for cultivation due to its invasive nature. Original publication date September 1999.

Agave attenuata Spineless Century Plant

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Aglaonema modestum: Chinese Evergreen

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document presents a comprehensive analysis of theChinese evergreen (Aglaonema modestum), a perennial plant favored for its ornamental value and adaptability to low-light conditions. Native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, this species is ideal for indoor cultivation, thriving in USDA hardiness zones 10B to 11. The study highlights the plant’s resilience to shade and its preference for moist, well-drained soils, with an emphasis on maintaining temperatures above 45°F to preserve its vibrant foliage. The article further explores the plant’s moderate resistance to common pests and its non-invasive nature, making it a suitable candidate for both container gardening and mass planting. Original publication date October 1999.

Ajuga reptans: Common Bugle, Bugleweed, Carpet Bugleweed

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Ajuga reptans, commonly known as bugleweed. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its dark green to purple leaves, small blue flowers, and its growth habit as a ground cover. The document also details its planting requirements, such as preferred light conditions, soil tolerances, and USDA hardiness zones. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, potential invasive nature, and available cultivars. The document concludes with information on propagation, pest resistance, and aesthetic considerations for garden design. Original publication date October 1999.

Allamanda bolivinensis Bolivian Allamanda

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the Bolivian Allamanda (Allamanda bolivinensis), an evergreen vine known for its vivid white, trumpet-shaped flowers with deep yellow throats. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its rapid growth rate, spreading habit, and adaptability to various soil types. The document highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, such as covering trellises, arbors, and retaining walls, and its suitability for hanging baskets. It also notes the plant’s high drought tolerance and minimal pest issues, making it an attractive option for gardeners in frost-free locations. Additionally, the document discusses the plant’s maintenance requirements, including the need for full sun and regular pinching to manage its growth. Original publication date October 1999.

Allamanda violacea Purple Allamanda

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the purple allamanda (Allamanda violacea), an evergreen vine or climbing shrub known for its two-toned reddish-purple to pink blooms. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, growth habits, and uses in landscaping, such as covering arbors, walls, or as a hanging basket. The document also outlines the plant’s care requirements, including its preference for full sun, moderate drought tolerance, and need for nematode-free soil. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s non-native status, potential planting zones, and propagation methods. The purple allamanda is noted for its ornamental value and minimal pest issues, though all parts of the plant are poisonous. Original publication date September 1999.

Alocasia spp. Elephant's Ear

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Alocasia genus, commonly known as elephant’s ear, highlighting its various species with large, showy leaves1. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its fast growth rate, upright habit, and coarse texture. The document also covers the plant’s adaptability to different soil types and light conditions, its invasive potential, and its uses in landscaping as a border, ground cover, or container plant. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s maintenance needs, pest resistance, and aesthetic contributions to a tropical landscape. Original publication date September 1999.

Ananas comosus: Pineapple

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the pineapple plant, Ananas comosus, detailing its characteristics, uses, and cultivation requirements. Pineapples are perennial, herbaceous plants with bright green, spiny leaves that form a rosette. They thrive in USDA hardiness zones 10 through 11 and are used for ornamental purposes as well as fruit production. The plant prefers well-drained soil and partial shade but can tolerate full sun. Propagation is typically done by dividing suckers or rooting the leafy tops of mature fruits. Common pests include mites, scales, and mealy-bugs, though no major diseases are noted. The document also highlights the aesthetic appeal of pineapples in landscaping and their compatibility with various companion plants. Original publication date September 1999.

Ananas comosus 'Variegatus' Variegated Pineapple

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the variegated pineapple (Ananas comosus ‘Variegatus’), detailing its characteristics, planting requirements, and uses. The plant features stiff, bright green leaves with spiny tips and margins, and produces fruit on a central stalk. It is a perennial herbaceous plant suitable for USDA hardiness zones 10 through 11. The variegated pineapple is valued for its ornamental appeal, particularly its striking variegated foliage. It can be used as ground cover, an accent, or in mass plantings. The document also highlights the plant’s growth conditions, pest resistance, and propagation methods. Original publication date October 1999. 

Anthurium andraeanum Tailflower, Flamingo Flower

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Anthurium andraeanum, commonly known as tailflower or flamingo flower. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its shiny, dark green, heart-shaped leaves and long-lasting, colorful flower bracts. The document details the plant’s growth conditions, such as its preference for low-light environments, high humidity, and moist, organic-rich soil. It also covers the plant’s uses in landscaping and interior decoration, highlighting its ornamental features and compatibility with other plants. Additionally, the document addresses the plant’s propagation methods, pest resistance, and maintenance requirements. Original publication date October 1999. 

Antirrhinum majus Snapdragon

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus), detailing their various types, growth habits, and care requirements. It covers the plant’s physical characteristics, including height, spread, and flower colors, as well as its preferred growing conditions such as soil type, light requirements, and planting months for different USDA hardiness zones. The document also discusses propagation methods, common pests and diseases, and recommended companion plants. Additionally, it highlights the ornamental uses of snapdragons in landscaping and provides tips for maintaining healthy plants. Original publication date October 1999.

Aptenia cordifolia Baby Sunrose

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the baby sunrose (Aptenia cordifolia), a versatile ground cover or hanging basket plant known for its dark green foliage and bright red flowers. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its growth habit, leaf and flower features, and optimal growing conditions. The baby sunrose thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, making it suitable for coastal landscapes. The document also highlights its uses in landscaping and offers care tips to maintain its health and appearance. Original publication date October 1999. 

Ardisia escallonioides Marlberry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), a shrub native to Florida and the Caribbean. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, leaf arrangement, and flower and fruit features. The document also outlines the plant’s growth requirements, such as soil preferences and light conditions, and its uses in landscaping, such as for hedges, screens, and specimen plantings. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, ease of propagation from seed, and lack of serious pest issues. The marlberry’s aesthetic appeal and functional benefits in various garden settings are emphasized. Original publication date October 1999.

Asclepias curassavica Tropical Milkweed, Silkweed

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, Gail Hansen and Tina McIntyre

This document is FPS-49, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension.

Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Weed, Indian Paintbrush

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa), a member of the milkweed family. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its growth habits, flowering period, and preferred growing conditions. The butterfly weed is noted for its vibrant orange, red, and yellow flowers, which attract butterflies and hummingbirds. The document also covers the plant’s uses, propagation methods, and potential pest issues. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s medicinal uses and its tendency to self-seed and escape cultivation. Original publication date October 1999.

Asparagus densiflorus 'Sprengeri' Sprengeri Asparagus Fern

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Sprengeri’ Asparagus Fern (Asparagus densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’), a herbaceous perennial known for its fine-textured foliage. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its bright green cladophylls, red berries, and fragrant white flowers. The fern is adaptable to various soil types and light conditions, making it suitable for use as a border plant, ground cover, or in containers. The document also highlights the plant’s invasive potential in certain regions and offers guidance on propagation and maintenance. Original publication date October 1999.

Asparagus densiflorus 'Myers' Myers Asparagus Fern

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Myers’ asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus ‘Myers’), a perennial herb known for its fine texture and upright habit1. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its scale-like true leaves, light green cladophylls, and bright red berries. The document also covers the plant’s growth requirements, such as light, soil, and water needs, and highlights its uses in landscaping and indoor settings. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, good soil salt tolerance, and lack of serious pest issues. 

Aspidistra elatior Cast Iron Plant

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the cast iron plant (Aspidistra elatior), highlighting its characteristics, uses, and growing conditions. The plant is known for its dark green, glossy foliage and ability to thrive in low-light environments. It is a perennial herbaceous plant native to temperate Asia and is suitable for use as a ground cover, container plant, or indoor plant. The cast iron plant is tolerant of a wide range of soil types and has moderate drought tolerance. It is generally pest-resistant but susceptible to leaf-spotting diseases. The document also discusses the plant’s propagation methods and care requirements, including its need for protection from winter winds in colder climates. Original publication date October 1999.

Aster spp. Aster

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Aster spp., a herbaceous plant known for its vibrant flowers in colors such as white, purple, lavender, pink, and red. It details the plant’s growth habits, including its height, spread, and preferred growing conditions. The document also covers the plant’s tolerance to various soil types and its moderate drought resistance. Additionally, it discusses common pests and diseases that affect asters, as well as methods for propagation through seed or division. The information is intended to guide gardeners and horticulturists in successfully cultivating and maintaining asters. Original publication date October 1999.

Barleria cristata: Crested Philippine Violet

Edward F. Gilman, Linda Landrum, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the crested Philippine violet (Barleria cristata), an herbaceous perennial plant. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, leaf texture, and flower colors. The document also outlines its growth requirements, such as light, soil, and water needs, and highlights its uses in landscaping as a hedge or border plant. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, pest resistance, and potential for reseeding. The document concludes with care instructions, including pruning and handling precautions. Original publication date October 1999.

Bauhinia punctata Red Bauhinia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Red Bauhinia (Bauhinia punctata), a dense, semi-climbing, evergreen shrub known for its orchid-like, brick-red flowers. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its growth habit, leaf and flower features, and fruiting patterns. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as full sun and well-drained, sandy loam soil, and its high drought tolerance. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, its maintenance needs, and its propagation methods. The Red Bauhinia is noted for its versatility in various garden settings, although it may require preventive fertilizer applications and occasional pruning. Original publication date October 1999.

Begonia tuberhybrida Hybrid Tuberous Begonia

Edward F. Gilman, Randy Heatley, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides comprehensive information on the cultivation and care of Hybrid Tuberous Begonias (Begonia tuberhybrida). It covers the plant’s growth requirements, including light, soil, and watering needs, as well as its susceptibility to pests and diseases. The document also details propagation methods, such as stem cuttings and tuber division, and offers guidance on planting times for various USDA hardiness zones. Additionally, it addresses common issues like flower bud drop, powdery mildew, and stem rot, providing practical solutions to maintain plant health and vigor. Original publication date October 1999.

Berberis julianae Winterberry Barberry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Berberis thunbergii Japanese Barberry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii), detailing its characteristics, growth habits, and uses. It describes the plant’s adaptability to various light exposures and soil types, its ornamental features such as persistent red fruits and fall colors, and its potential as a hedge or barrier plant. The document also highlights the plant’s invasive potential and provides information on its hardiness zones, growth rate, and pest resistance. Additionally, it lists several cultivars and discusses common pests and diseases that affect the plant, along with methods for their control. Original publication date October 1999.

Brassica oleracea 'White Peacock' White Peacock Flowering Kale

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘White Peacock’ ornamental cabbage, scientifically known as Brassica oleracea ‘White Peacock’. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its open head with finely-divided foliage, bluish-green fringed leaves with white veins, and its use as an ornamental plant. The document details its planting months across various USDA hardiness zones, its moderate drought tolerance, and its ability to attract butterflies. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s growth habits, soil tolerances, and potential pest issues, noting that caterpillars can cause cosmetic damage to the leaves. The document concludes with information on the plant’s propagation by seed and its suitability as a bedding plant in different regions. Original publication date October 1999.

Breynia disticha Snowbush

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides an overview of the Snowbush (Breynia disticha), a rounded shrub known for its attractive variegated foliage. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and color. The Snowbush is suitable for various uses such as specimen planting, hedges, and indoor growth. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10 through 11 and requires full sun for dense growth. The document also covers the plant’s soil and light requirements, propagation methods, and pest resistance. Additionally, it highlights the Snowbush’s ornamental features and its potential as a landscape plant. Original publication date October 1999.

Browallia speciosa Browallia, Amethyst Flower

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Browallia, a plant known for its blue or white flowers. It highlights the plant’s preference for afternoon shade and its suitability for hanging pots. The document also details the optimal conditions for seed germination and the importance of not covering the seeds with soil. Additionally, it mentions the need to harden off the plants before outdoor planting and provides guidance on planting times for USDA hardiness zones 10 and 11. Original publication date October 1999. 

Brunfelsia grandiflora Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Brunfelsia grandiflora, commonly known as “yesterday, today, and tomorrow.” It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors, which range from lavender to white. The shrub is noted for its pleasant fragrance and ability to flower in spring, summer, and fall. It is well-suited for various uses in landscaping, such as specimen planting, borders, and screens. The document also highlights the plant’s adaptability to different soil types and its moderate drought and soil salt tolerance. Additionally, it mentions that the plant has no serious pest issues and can thrive in partial shade. Original publication date October 1999. 

Buxus sempervirens Common Boxwood

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the common boxwood (Buxus sempervirens), detailing its characteristics, growth habits, and uses in landscaping. It describes the plant’s physical attributes, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flower characteristics. The document also covers the ideal growing conditions for boxwood, such as soil type, light requirements, and drought tolerance. Additionally, it addresses potential pests and diseases that may affect boxwood, along with recommendations for planting and maintenance to ensure healthy growth. Original publication date October 1999.

Caesalpinia mexicana Mexican Caesalpinia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed description of the Mexican caesalpinia (Caesalpinia mexicana), a small tree or large shrub known for its fine-textured foliage and bright yellow flowers. It outlines the plant’s characteristics, including its moderate growth rate, evergreen leaves, and drought tolerance. The document also discusses its potential uses in landscaping, such as near patios, in parking lot islands, or as a container plant. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and its general pest resistance. The Mexican caesalpinia is noted for its ornamental value and suitability for tough planting sites. Original publication date October 1999.

Caladium x hortulanum Caladium

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Caladium x hortulanum, commonly known as caladium. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its arrow-shaped foliage, color variations, and growth habits. The document highlights caladium’s uses in landscaping, such as ground cover, edging, and container planting. It also covers planting guidelines, care instructions, and potential pest issues. Additionally, it mentions popular caladium cultivars and their distinctive features. Original publication date October 1999. 

Calamagrostis arundinacea Reed Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Calathea makoyana Peacock Plant

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Calathea makoyana, commonly known as the peacock plant. It describes the plant’s striking foliage, which features variegated leaves with dark purple undersides. The peacock plant is a herbaceous perennial suitable for USDA hardiness zones 10 through 11 and can be grown indoors or outdoors. It thrives in shaded areas with high humidity and well-drained, organic-rich soil. The document also highlights the plant’s moderate growth rate, upright habit, and sensitivity to pests like mites. Propagation methods include cuttings or division. Original publication date October 1999.

Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document describes the American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), a native North American shrub known for its attractive lavender-pink blossoms and shiny purple-blue fruits. The shrub, which grows 5 to 8 feet tall and wide, features long, arching branches and coarse, fuzzy leaves. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 7 through 11 and is suitable for various uses, including foundation planting, borders, mass planting, and naturalizing. The plant is relatively maintenance-free, grows well in full sun or light shade, and tolerates a variety of soils. It is popular with birds and has no serious pest or disease concerns. The document also highlights the plant’s propagation methods and the need for regular pruning to maintain its size and appearance. Original publication date October 1999.

Callicarpa japonica Japanese Beautyberry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Japanese beautyberry (Callicarpa japonica), a shrub commonly used in eastern and southern landscapes. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and fruiting habits. The Japanese beautyberry is noted for its purple berries that persist into fall and its moderate growth rate. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 6 through 8 and can be planted year-round in zones 7 and 8. The shrub is suitable for various uses such as foundation planting, borders, mass planting, and containers. It is not known to be invasive and has no serious pest issues. The document also highlights the plant’s soil and light requirements, drought tolerance, and potential for winter interest. Original publication date October 1999.

Calycanthus floridus Carolina Allspice, Sweetshrub

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Sweetshrub (Calycanthus floridus), highlighting its characteristics, uses, and cultivation requirements. Sweetshrub is a native shrub known for its fragrant, maroon to brown flowers and aromatic leaves and fruits. It thrives in moist locations and can be used as an ornamental plant, screen, or specimen. The plant is adaptable to various soil types and light conditions, though it prefers moist soil and can grow in both sun and shade. Sweetshrub is not known to be invasive and is somewhat available, though it may require sourcing from outside the region. The document also discusses potential pests and diseases, such as bacterial crown gall and powdery mildew, and mentions two cultivars, ‘Athens’ and ‘Michael Lindsey’. Original publication date October 1999. 

Calyptranthes pallens Spicewood, Pale Lidflower

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Spicewood (Calyptranthes pallens), a native Florida shrub or small tree known for its spicy fragrance. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its light green, glossy leaves, white to beige flowers, and colorful fruits that attract birds. The document highlights its adaptability to various soil types, moderate drought tolerance, and preference for full sun to light shade. It also discusses its uses in landscaping, such as hedges, screens, and buffer strips, and notes its general pest resistance and non-invasive nature. Original publication date October 1999. 

Campsis radicans Trumpet Creeper, Trumpet Vine

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the trumpet vine (Campsis radicans), a fast-growing, deciduous vine native to Florida. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its brilliant orange flowers, high drought tolerance, and invasive potential. The trumpet vine thrives in full sun and various soil types but requires regular pruning to manage its growth. It is suitable for arbors, trellises, and containers, attracting hummingbirds and occasionally hosting ants. The document also mentions several cultivars and common issues like leaf spot and powdery mildew. Original publication date October 1999. 

Canavalia maritima Beach Bean, Bay Bean

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the beach bean (Canavalia maritima), a dense ground cover native to the coastal sands of southeast Florida. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its evergreen, trifoliate leaves and pink to purple flowers that bloom year-round. The beach bean is noted for its high drought and salt spray tolerance, making it ideal for coastal landscapes. It is effective in stabilizing sandy soils and resisting erosion. The document also highlights the plant’s growth habits, soil and light requirements, and its general lack of pest and disease issues. Original publication date October 1999.

Capparis cynophallophora Jamaican Caper

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed description of the Jamaica caper (Capparis cynophallophora), a native shrub of Florida. It highlights the plant’s physical characteristics, including its evergreen leaves, showy flowers, and cylindrical pods. The document also outlines the plant’s growth requirements, such as its preference for full sun to medium shade and well-drained soils, as well as its high drought tolerance. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, its propagation by seeds, and its resistance to pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Capsicum annuum Ornamental Pepper

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of ornamental peppers (Capsicum annuum), detailing their growth habits, planting requirements, and uses. Ornamental peppers are annuals or perennials in warmer climates, known for their colorful fruits that range from red, purple, yellow, orange, to white. They thrive in full sun or partial shade and require a rich, evenly moist growing medium. The document also highlights their non-invasive nature, moderate growth rate, and resistance to pests. Additionally, it covers the plant’s physical characteristics, including height, spread, leaf arrangement, and fruit features. Original publication date October 1999.

Carica papaya: Papaya

Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Deborah R. Hilbert, and Drew C. McLean

This document provides an overview of the Carica papaya, commonly known as papaya. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its large, lobed leaves, single trunk, and edible fruit. The papaya is a fast-growing, short-lived shrub that thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It is native to Mexico and Central America and can be used as a specimen, border, or accent plant in landscapes. The document also highlights the plant’s growth requirements, potential pest issues, and its ornamental value in addition to fruit production.  Original publication date October 1, 1999.

Carissa grandiflora Natal Plum, Common Carissa

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the Carissa grandiflora, commonly known as the natal plum. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its evergreen nature, lustrous green leaves, white star-shaped flowers, and bright red, edible fruit. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and light conditions, its high drought tolerance, and its suitability for use in hedges, screens, and ground covers. Additionally, it notes the plant’s moderate growth rate, dense habit, and minimal pest issues, while cautioning against overwatering to prevent root rot. Original publication date October 1999.

Carissa macrocarpa Dwarf Natal Plum

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the dwarf natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa), an evergreen ground cover known for its attractive foliage, flowers, and fruits. It details the plant’s physical characteristics, including its small, leathery leaves, white star-shaped flowers, and bright red fruits. The document also covers the plant’s growth habits, soil and light requirements, and its suitability for various landscaping uses. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s high drought and salt tolerance, making it ideal for coastal landscapes. Potential pests and diseases are briefly mentioned, along with recommendations for planting and care. Original publication date October 1999.

Carpobrotus edulis Ice Plant

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides an overview of the ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis), a ground cover plant commonly found in California and occasionally tested in Florida. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its growth habit, leaf and flower features, and its high drought tolerance. The document also discusses the plant’s invasive potential, its preferred growing conditions, and the challenges it faces in Florida, such as root rot in irrigated landscapes. Recommendations for planting locations with good drainage are provided to mitigate these issues.

Cassia bahamensis Bahama Cassia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Bahama cassia (Cassia bahamensis), a native shrub of Florida known for its attractive yellow flowers and dark green compound leaves. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and environmental preferences. The Bahama cassia is noted for its high drought tolerance, ability to attract butterflies, and potential use in various landscape applications. The document also discusses the plant’s propagation methods, pest resistance, and maintenance requirements, highlighting its suitability for different planting zones and its ornamental value in gardens and landscapes. Original publication date October 1999. 

Catharanthus roseus Periwinkle, Madagascar Periwinkle, Vinca

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as periwinkle or Madagascar periwinkle. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth habits, as well as its flowering and fruiting patterns. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as soil type, light requirements, and drought tolerance. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping and its potential invasive nature. The document highlights common pests and diseases that affect periwinkle and offers guidance on propagation methods. Original publication date October 1999. 

Celosia plumosa Cockscomb

Edward F. Gilman and Teresa Howe

This document provides an overview of Celosia, focusing on two main types: Celosia cristata (cockscomb) and Celosia plumosa (plume types). It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flower colors. The document also covers planting guidelines for various USDA hardiness zones, soil preferences, and potential pests. Additionally, it highlights different cultivars and series of Celosia, such as the dwarf ‘Jewel Box’ and ‘Kimono’ series, and the taller ‘Floradale’ and ‘Castle’ series. The information is intended to assist gardeners in successfully growing and maintaining Celosia plants. Original publication date October 1999.

Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides detailed information about Cephalanthus occidentalis, commonly known as Buttonbush. It highlights the plant’s attractive medium green leaves and its distinctive late spring flower display, featuring white flowers in 1 to 1½ inch clusters. The document also discusses the plant’s relevance to various wildlife, including hummingbirds, and its suitability for different landscaping purposes. Additionally, it includes structured data and references to related topics and publications. Original publication date October 1999. 

Chiococca alba Snowberry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document serves as a comprehensive guide to the vibrant and diverse genus Celosia, detailing the cultivation and care of two prominent types: Celosia cristata, known for its unique crested flower heads, and Celosia plumosa, recognized by its feathery plumes. It outlines the plant’s growth habits, including height, spread, and leaf configuration, as well as the array of flower colors available. The guide provides practical advice on planting in various USDA hardiness zones, soil preferences, and managing common pests. It also introduces gardeners to notable Celosia cultivars and series, such as the compact ‘Jewel Box’ and ‘Kimono’ series, alongside the more statuesque ‘Floradale’ and ‘Castle’ series, aiding enthusiasts in selecting the right Celosia for their garden landscapes. Original publication date October 1999.

Chiococca pinetorum Pineland Snowberry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Chiococca pinetorum, commonly known as the pineland snowberry. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its evergreen, leathery leaves and white to purple-white tubular flowers. The document highlights the plant’s uses, such as ground cover and mass planting, and its adaptability to various soil types and drought conditions. Additionally, it notes the plant’s native status in Florida, its non-invasive nature, and its high drought tolerance. The document also mentions that the plant is typically grown in small quantities by a limited number of nurseries and that it can attract birds with its white, fleshy fruits. Original publication date October 1999.

Citharexylum spinosum: Fiddlewood

Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Deborah R. Hilbert, and Drew C. McLean

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the fiddlewood (Citharexylum spinosum), a native plant of Florida, the West Indies, and South America. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its glossy leaves, white flowers, and orange to black fruit. The fiddlewood is described as a versatile plant suitable for various uses such as hedges, screens, and reclamation projects. It thrives in a range of soil types and conditions, demonstrating high drought tolerance and moderate salt tolerance. The document also highlights the plant’s minimal pest issues and its adaptability to different planting environments. Original publication date October 1999.

Coffea arabica Coffee

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed description of the Coffea arabica plant, commonly known as the coffee shrub. It highlights the plant’s physical characteristics, including its glossy, dark green leaves, fragrant white flowers, and red berries containing coffee beans. The document outlines the plant’s growth requirements, such as its preference for partial shade and rich soil, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, its propagation by seed, and its susceptibility to pests like scales and mites. The coffee shrub is noted for its ornamental value and potential for home coffee production. Original publication date October 1999.

Coleus x hybridus Coleus

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the coleus plant, known for its vibrant foliage rather than its flowers. It details the plant’s growth requirements, including sunlight, water, and soil preferences, and offers tips for encouraging fuller growth through pinching and removing flower spikes. The document also covers the plant’s propagation methods, potential pests, and its various uses in landscaping and container gardening. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s characteristics, such as height, spread, leaf arrangement, and color, making it a versatile choice for gardeners.  Original publication date October 1999.

Colubrina arborescens Coffee Colubrina, Wild Coffee

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Colubrina arborescens, commonly known as coffee colubrina or wild coffee. Native to south Florida and the Caribbean Basin, this small tree or large shrub can reach heights of 20 feet or more. It features shiny, dark green leaves with prominent yellow veins and rust-colored hairs. The plant thrives in sunny or partially shaded locations and is suitable for various uses, including as a hedge, screen, or ornamental plant. It is highly drought-tolerant, grows well in various soil types, and is not known to be invasive. The document also highlights its year-round flowering, bird-attracting fruit, and general pest resistance.Original publication date October 1999.

Combretum fruticosum Orange Flame Vine

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document is a concise abstract intended for a journal website, presenting the essentials of Celosia cultivation. It encompasses the characteristics and care instructions for two distinct Celosia types: the crested Celosia cristata and the feathery Celosia plumosa. The text delves into the plants’ growth patterns, floral hues, and environmental preferences, while also addressing pest management. It further acquaints readers with various Celosia cultivars and series, offering insights into their suitability for different garden settings. The abstract is crafted to guide gardeners in nurturing these vibrant plants, ensuring a successful addition to their horticultural endeavors. Original publication date October 1999. 

Cordyline terminalis Ti Plant

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ti plant (Cordyline terminalis), highlighting its ornamental features and growing requirements. The ti plant is known for its colorful, flexible leaves that range from light greens and pinks to dark reds. It thrives in full sun or partial to deep shade and requires fertile, well-drained soil. The plant is suitable for various uses, including as a houseplant, in containers, or as an accent in outdoor landscapes. It is generally available within its hardiness range and can be propagated easily by cuttings. The document also notes potential issues such as sensitivity to pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999. 

Coreopsis leavenworthii Leavenworth's Tickseed

Edward F. Gilman, Jeffrey G. Norcini, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Coreopsis spp.Tickseed, Coreopsis

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Coreopsis spp., commonly known as tickseed or coreopsis. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its bright green leaves, colorful flowers, and upright growth habit. The document also covers the plant’s general information, such as its scientific name, common names, family, and USDA hardiness zones. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses, planting requirements, growth habits, and potential pests and diseases. The document emphasizes the plant’s suitability for sunny locations with well-drained soils and highlights its attractiveness to butterflies. Original publication date October 1999.

Corylus americana American Filbert

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Corylus avellana 'Contorta' Contorted European Filbert, Henry Lauder's Walking Stick

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Contorted European Filbert (Corylus avellana ‘Contorta’), also known as Henry Lauder’s Walking Stick. It describes the plant’s unique twisted stems and branches, its growth habits, and its ornamental features. The shrub is noted for its winter interest, drought tolerance, and suitability for various landscape uses. The document also includes details on its planting requirements, hardiness zones, and potential uses in garden design. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s resistance to pests and a reported foliage and twig blight. Original publication date October 1999.

Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sonata White' Sonata White Mexican Aster

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the sensation-type cosmos, specifically the Cosmos bipinnatus ‘Sonata White’. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors. The document also covers the plant’s growth requirements, such as full sun exposure and soil preferences, and discusses its moderate drought tolerance and pest resistance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping and its propagation methods, primarily through seeds. The document concludes with information on potential pests and diseases that may affect the plant.  Original publication date October 1999.

Costus igneus Spiral Flag, Fiery Costus

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed description of the Costus igneus, commonly known as the spiral flag or fiery costus. It highlights the plant’s characteristics, including its large, dark green leaves with light purple undersides, and its striking orange flowers that bloom in the warm months. The plant is a tropical evergreen, suitable for USDA hardiness zones 9B through 11, and is often used as an accent plant in gardens. It thrives in fertile soil with ample moisture and can be propagated by division, cuttings, or separating offsets. The document also notes that mites and nematodes can be problematic, especially in sandy soils, but no major diseases affect the plant. Original publication date October 1999.

Crassula argentea Jade Plant

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the jade plant (Crassula argentea), detailing its characteristics, growth conditions, and uses. It highlights the plant’s adaptability to various light conditions and its high drought tolerance, making it suitable for both indoor and outdoor settings. The document also discusses the plant’s slow growth rate, potential height and spread, and its minimal pest and disease issues. Additionally, it notes the jade plant’s infrequent blooming, propagation methods, and the importance of well-draining soil to prevent root-rot. Original publication date October 1999.

Crinum americanum String Lily, Swamp Lily, Seven Sisters

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the swamp lily (Crinum americanum), a herbaceous perennial native to the southeastern United States. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its glossy green leaves, fragrant white or pink-striped flowers, and lobed seed capsules. The swamp lily thrives in various soil types and conditions, from full sun to partial shade, and is moderately tolerant of salt spray. It is noted for its ornamental value, pest resistance, and potential uses in landscaping. The document also highlights the plant’s non-invasive nature and its ability to spread quickly, making it suitable for mass planting and as an accent in gardens. Original publication date October 1999.

Crinum spp.Crinum Lily

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the Crinum lily (Crinum spp.), a large, coarse-textured plant known for its broad, light green leaves and fragrant, spidery flowers. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and leaf arrangement. The document also covers the Crinum lily’s planting requirements, such as soil tolerance, light needs, and drought tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s ornamental features, pest resistance, and suitability for various landscaping uses. The Crinum lily’s ability to thrive in hot, dry locations and its moderate salt tolerance are also discussed. Original publication date October 1999.

Crinum x amabile Giant Spider Lily

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed description of the giant spider lily (Crinum x amabile), a herbaceous perennial known for its striking red and pink fragrant flowers. It covers the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and leaf arrangement, as well as its growth requirements and hardiness zones. The giant spider lily is noted for its moderate drought tolerance, preference for full sun to partial shade, and ability to thrive in various soil types. The document also highlights its uses in landscaping, such as mass planting and specimen accent, and mentions its moderate salt tolerance and susceptibility to leaf spot disease. Original publication date October 1999.

Cuphea ignea Cigar Plant, Cigar Flower

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the cigar flower (Cuphea ignea), highlighting its year-round flowering, attractive foliage, and suitability for various landscape uses. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and leaf and flower features. The document also covers the plant’s hardiness zones, planting recommendations, and care instructions, emphasizing its moderate drought tolerance and pest resistance. Additionally, it notes the plant’s ability to attract hummingbirds and its availability in specialty garden centers. Original publication date October 1999.

Cycas circinalis Queen Sago, Sago Palm

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the queen sago (Cycas circinalis), a palm-like shrub known for its slow growth and ornamental appeal. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its dark brown trunk, feathery leaves, and potential height and spread. The document also covers the plant’s growing conditions, such as its preference for part shade to full sun, high drought tolerance, and soil requirements. Additionally, it highlights the queen sago’s uses in landscaping, its propagation methods, and common pest issues. The queen sago is noted for its suitability as a specimen plant in large areas and its minimal maintenance needs once established. Original publication date October 1999.

Dahlia spp. Dahlia

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides comprehensive information on the cultivation and care of dahlias. It covers the ideal soil conditions, planting times, and maintenance practices to ensure healthy growth and vibrant blooms. The text also details the various pests and diseases that can affect dahlias, along with methods for propagation and overwintering. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors, making it a valuable resource for gardeners and horticulturists.  Original publication date October 1999.

Dahlia x 'Figaro Improved' Figaro Improved Dahlia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides comprehensive information on the cultivation and care of the ‘Figaro Improved’ dahlia. It covers optimal soil conditions, planting times, and spacing requirements for different USDA hardiness zones. The document also details common pests and diseases affecting dahlias, along with their symptoms and control measures. Additionally, it includes propagation methods and general maintenance tips to ensure healthy growth and vibrant blooms. Original publication date October 1999.

Dendranthema x grandiflora Garden Mum, Garden Chrysanthemum

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of Dendranthema x grandiflora, commonly known as garden mum or garden chrysanthemum. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors. The document also outlines the plant’s growing conditions, such as its preferred light, soil types, and hardiness zones. Additionally, it covers the plant’s uses in landscaping, propagation methods, and pest resistance. The garden mum is noted for its ornamental features and its ability to attract butterflies. Original publication date October 1999.

Dietes bicolor Evergreen Iris

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Dietes bicolor, commonly known as the evergreen iris. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and leaf arrangement, as well as its flowering and fruiting habits. The document also outlines the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as soil type, light requirements, and hardiness zones. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, its maintenance needs, and potential pest issues. The evergreen iris is noted for its moderate drought tolerance and ability to thrive in various soil conditions, making it a versatile choice for gardens and water features. Original publication date October 1999. 

Dietes vegeta African Iris, Butterfly Iris

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the African iris (Dietes vegeta), a clumping, robust perennial known for its stiff, fan-shaped leaves and white flowers marked with yellow and blue. It describes the plant’s growth habits, including its height, spread, and preferred growing conditions, such as its tolerance for wet soil and partial shade. The document also highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its moderate drought tolerance, and its minimal maintenance requirements. Additionally, it covers propagation methods and potential pest issues, noting that nematodes are the primary concern.  Original publication date October 1999.

Dizygotheca elegantissima False Aralia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the false aralia (Dizygotheca elegantissima), a versatile plant known for its distinctive foliage and adaptability. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its juvenile and mature leaves, growth habits, and preferred growing conditions. The document also highlights the plant’s uses in various settings, such as indoor houseplants or outdoor accents, and discusses its propagation methods and potential pest issues. Overall, the false aralia is presented as a unique and attractive option for gardeners and plant enthusiasts. Original publication date October 1999.

Dodonaea viscosa Varnish Leaf, Hopbush

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of Dodonaea viscosa, commonly known as varnish leaf or hopbush. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its shiny green leaves, yellow flowers, and distinctive fruit. The shrub is noted for its drought tolerance and adaptability to various soil types. It is suitable for use as a specimen plant, hedge, or screen and can be grown in full sun. The document also highlights the plant’s ornamental features and its potential uses in landscaping, particularly in the western United States. Additionally, it mentions the popular cultivar Dodonaea viscosa ‘Purpurea’ and its characteristics. Original publication date October 1999.

Dombeya spp.Tropical Snowball

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides an overview of the tropical snowball (Dombeya spp.), a shrub native to tropical Africa. It highlights the plant’s characteristics, including its bright pink or red flowers, coarse-textured foliage, and fast growth rate. The shrub thrives in USDA hardiness zones 9 through 11 and can be planted year-round1. It is commonly used as an ornamental plant in sunny landscapes and requires regular fertilization to maintain its vibrant green leaves. The document also notes the plant’s susceptibility to pests such as aphids and scales, and the potential for micronutrient deficiencies in high pH soils. Original publication date October 1999.

Dracaena deremensis Dracaena

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Dracaena deremensis, a tropical plant suitable for low-maintenance container culture or specimen planting in shaded landscapes. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf color, and soil tolerances. The document also discusses its uses, propagation methods, and pest resistance. Dracaena deremensis is noted for its shade tolerance, making it a good houseplant, and is generally available within its hardiness range. The cultivar ‘Warneckii’ is highlighted for its distinctive broad stripe along each margin.

Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana' Corn Plant, Fragrant Dracaena

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Dracaena reflexa Reflexed Dracaena

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Dracaena reflexa, commonly known as reflexed dracaena. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and growth rate. The document highlights its suitability for indoor and outdoor use, noting its high drought tolerance and preference for partial sun. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s ornamental features, such as its dark green leaves and multi-trunked stems, and its general availability within its hardiness range. The document also addresses the plant’s non-invasive nature and its resistance to pests. Original publication date October 1999.

Dracaena thalioides Lance Dracaena, Dwarf Dracaena

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Dryopteris erythrosora Autumn Fern, Japanese Shield Fern, Japanese Wood Fern

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Dryopteris erythrosora, commonly known as the autumn fern, Japanese shield fern, or Japanese wood fern. It highlights the plant’s characteristics, including its hardy nature, slow growth rate, and ability to tolerate neglect. The fern is noted for its reddish fronds when young and its suitability as a groundcover in shady locations. The document also covers its planting requirements, such as soil and light preferences, and mentions its non-invasive nature and pest resistance. Additionally, it provides practical information on propagation and maintenance. Original publication date October 1999.

Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), a herbaceous plant native to Florida. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, flower color, and leaf arrangement. The document also covers the plant’s growth requirements, such as light, soil, and water needs, and its uses in landscaping and naturalizing. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s drought tolerance, pest resistance, and potential invasive nature. The document concludes with information on propagation methods and common pests and diseases that may affect the purple coneflower. Original publication date October 1999.

Ernodea littoralis Golden Creeper

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), detailing its characteristics, planting requirements, and uses. The purple coneflower is a herbaceous plant native to Florida, known for its daisy-like, pink to purple flowers that bloom in spring and summer. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 4 through 10 and can be planted year-round in zones 7 to 11. The plant is valued for its ornamental features, attracting butterflies, and its use in naturalizing and cut flowers. It has high drought tolerance but poor soil salt tolerance. The document also highlights its potential invasiveness, pest resistance, and the need for periodic division to maintain blooming. Original publication date October 1999.

Eucharis amazonica Amazon Lily, Eucharist Lily

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the Amazon lily (Eucharis amazonica), a perennial, herbaceous plant known for its glossy green leaves and fragrant white flowers. It discusses the plant’s characteristics, including its moderate growth rate, semi-evergreen leaves, and winter flowering. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as shade and rich, moist organic matter, and notes its moderate pest resistance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses as a ground cover or accent and mentions its propagation by division. Potential problems like caterpillars, spider mites, and bulb mites are also addressed. Original publication date September 1999. 

Eugenia axillaris White Stopper

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the white stopper (Eugenia axillaris), a small evergreen tree or large shrub native to Florida’s sandy coastal areas. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its moderate growth rate, medium texture, and high drought tolerance. The white stopper is noted for its ornamental features, such as bright red leaves that turn green, yellow summer flowers, and edible red or black berries. The document also highlights the plant’s various uses in landscaping, its adaptability to different soil types, and its resistance to pests. Original publication date October 1999.

Eugenia rhombea Red Stopper, Spiceberry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Eugenia rhombea, commonly known as red stopper or spiceberry. It details the tree’s characteristics, including its moderate growth rate, evergreen leaves, and year-round white flowers. The red stopper is native to Florida and thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10B through 11. It is well-suited for various landscaping uses, such as hedges, parking lot islands, and street plantings, due to its adaptability to different soil types and high drought tolerance. The tree typically grows to a height of 15 to 20 feet and has a spread of 10 to 15 feet. It is noted for its ornamental features, pest resistance, and suitability for both shaded and sunny locations.

Eugenia uniflora Surinam Cherry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora), highlighting its characteristics, uses, and invasive potential in Florida. It describes the plant’s appearance, including its smooth, shiny, aromatic leaves, small white flowers, and ribbed red berries. The document also details its growth habits, soil and light requirements, and common uses in landscaping. Additionally, it addresses the plant’s invasive status in Florida, recommending its removal and discouraging its purchase. The document concludes with information on propagation, pests, and diseases associated with the Surinam cherry. Original publication date October 1999.

Exacum affine Persian Violet, German Violet

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the German violet (Exacum affine), a 6 to 12 inch tall annual known for its blue flowers and shiny green foliage. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its dense, rounded habit, slow growth rate, and fine texture. The German violet thrives in partial shade with well-drained, light soil, and requires moderate fertilization and watering. It is not native to North America and is somewhat available, though it may require sourcing from outside the region. The document also highlights potential issues such as gray mold and broad mites, and offers guidance on propagation by seed. Original publication date October 1999.

x Fatshedera lizei Fatshedera, Bush Ivy

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of bush ivy (x Fatshedera lizei), a semi-climbing, evergreen shrub or vine. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its large, lobed leaves, moderate growth rate, and adaptability to various soil types. The document also covers its planting requirements, such as the need for partial or deep shade and regular watering. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses, such as espalier, and its maintenance needs, including occasional pruning and training. The document notes that bush ivy is not known to be invasive and is somewhat available, though it may require sourcing from outside the region. Original publication date October 1999.

Fothergilla gardenii Dwarf Fothergilla

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides a detailed overview of the dwarf fothergilla (Fothergilla gardenii), a 4- to 6-feet-tall shrub known for its soft, white spring flowers and vibrant fall colors. It covers the plant’s characteristics, including its growth habits, leaf and flower features, and soil and light requirements. The document also discusses its uses in landscaping, highlighting its suitability for residential and commercial settings. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, pest resistance, and the availability of various cultivars with different growth habits and foliage patterns. Original publication date October 1999.

Fothergilla major Large Fothergilla, Mountain Witchalder

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the Fothergilla major, commonly known as large fothergilla or mountain witchalder. It describes the shrub’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and seasonal changes in foliage and flowers. The document also outlines the plant’s growing conditions, such as soil preferences, light requirements, and drought tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, noting its ornamental features and suitability for various planting locations. The document emphasizes the plant’s low pest resistance and the importance of minimal pruning to maintain its natural form. Original publication date October 1999.

Gaillardia pulchella Blanket Flower, Gaillardia, Firewheel

Edward F. Gilman, Sydney Park-Brown, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of Gaillardia pulchella, commonly known as blanket flower or firewheel. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors, as well as its growth habits and environmental preferences. The document highlights the plant’s high drought tolerance, suitability for various soil types, and its attractiveness to butterflies. It also covers planting guidelines, potential uses in landscaping, and propagation methods. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s resistance to pests and diseases, making it a low-maintenance option for gardeners.  Original publication date September 1999. 

Gaillardia pulchella 'Red Plume' Red Plume Gaillardia, Red Plume Blanket Flower

Edward F. Gilman, Sydney Park-Brown, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Red Plume’ gaillardia, also known as the ‘Red Plume’ blanket flower. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, flower color, and foliage. The document highlights its adaptability to various soil types and its high drought and salt tolerance. It also mentions the plant’s uses in landscaping, such as in containers, ground covers, and attracting butterflies. Additionally, it provides information on planting months for different USDA hardiness zones and notes that the plant is generally available within its hardiness range. Potential issues like sweet potato whitefly are also briefly discussed. Original publication date September 1999.

Euryops chrysanthemoides African Bush Daisy, Bull's Eye, Bush Daisy

Edward F. Gilman, Linda Landrum, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the African bush daisy (Euryops chrysanthemoides), detailing its characteristics, growth requirements, and uses. The plant is a perennial shrub native to Africa, known for its bright yellow flowers and fern-like leaves. It thrives in full sun and various soil types, with moderate drought tolerance. The African bush daisy is suitable for mass planting, borders, and containers, attracting butterflies and requiring occasional clipping for dense growth. It is somewhat available and can be propagated by seed, with nematodes being the primary pest concern. Original publication date October 1999.

Garberia heterophylla Garberia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed description of Garberia heterophylla, a low shrub native to Florida. It highlights the plant’s distinctive features, including its grayish foliage, lavender pink flowers, and obovate leaves. The shrub is noted for its drought tolerance, preference for acidic soils, and ability to attract butterflies. It is suitable for use in reclamation projects, borders, and mass plantings. The document also covers the plant’s growth habits, soil and light requirements, and pest resistance, emphasizing its utility and aesthetic appeal in landscaping. Original publication date October 1999.

Gardenia jasminoides 'Prostrata' Dwarf Gardenia

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides an overview of the dwarf cultivar of Gardenia jasminoides, known as ‘Prostrata’ or trailing gardenia. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth habit, highlighting its use as an attractive ground cover. The document details the plant’s leaf and flower features, soil and light requirements, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it addresses the plant’s susceptibility to pests and its propagation methods. The trailing gardenia is noted for its versatility in landscape applications, such as planter boxes, mass plantings, and cascading over walls. Original publication date October 1999.

Gazania spp. Gazania

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Gazania, a perennial plant often grown as an annual, known for its bright, daisy-like flowers in yellow, orange, or red. Gazania thrives in full sun and dry conditions, making it suitable for rock gardens and erosion control. The plant grows 6 to 12 inches tall with blueish foliage and requires well-drained soil to prevent disease. It is highly drought-tolerant and has minimal pest issues. Gazania is not native to North America and is somewhat available, though it may require sourcing from outside the region. The document details its planting months, growth habits, and care requirements, emphasizing its ornamental value and resilience in various soil types.

Gazania x 'Bronze Red' Bronze Red Gazania

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a concise summary of the ‘Prostrata’ or trailing gardenia, a dwarf cultivar of Gardenia jasminoides. It outlines the plant’s growth habit as a ground cover, its height and spread, and its ornamental features, including leaf and flower descriptions. The text discusses the plant’s environmental preferences, such as soil and light requirements, and notes its moderate drought tolerance. It also mentions the susceptibility to pests and methods of propagation, emphasizing the trailing gardenia’s versatility in various landscape applications. The abstract is designed for presentation on a journal website, offering a snapshot of the plant’s characteristics and cultivation information. Original publication date October 1999.

Gazania x Harlequin Hybrids Harlequin Hybrids Gazania

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Gazania x Harlequin Hybrids, a perennial plant often grown as an annual. It highlights the plant’s characteristics, including its bright yellow, orange, or red daisy-like flowers, and its suitability for rock gardens and hot, dry areas. The document details the plant’s growth requirements, such as full sun and well-drained soil, and its high drought tolerance. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses, planting zones, and potential for erosion control, while noting its moderate growth rate and pest resistance. Original publication date October 1999.

Gomphrena globosa Common Globe Amaranth

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the common globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa), detailing its characteristics, planting requirements, and uses. The plant is described as an annual with globe-shaped flowers in various colors, commonly used in mass plantings, rock gardens, and containers. It thrives in full sun and moderately dry soil, showing resistance to heat and minimal pest issues. The document also outlines its growth habits, including height, spread, and leaf arrangement, and notes its availability and non-invasive status. Propagation is typically by seed, and the plant is noted for its drought tolerance and suitability for areas with limited irrigation. Original publication date October 1999.

Hamelia patens Firebush, Scarlet Bush

Edward F. Gilman, Alan Meerow, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the firebush (Hamelia patens), a large, soft-stemmed shrub native to Florida. It details the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and distinctive orange-red flowers. The firebush is noted for its fast growth rate, evergreen leaves, and year-round flowering. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 9 through 11 and is tolerant of various soil types and conditions. The document also highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its attractiveness to hummingbirds and butterflies, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it discusses propagation methods and potential pest issues.  Original publication date October 1999.

Hedychium coronarium Butterfly Ginger, White Garland-lily, White Gingerlily

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the butterfly ginger (Hedychium coronarium), highlighting its ornamental value and cultivation requirements. The butterfly ginger is noted for its fragrant, white flowers that bloom from late spring through summer. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8B through 11 and can be planted year-round in these regions. The plant prefers full sun or partial shade and grows to a height of 4 to 5 feet with a spread of 4 to 6 feet. It is suitable for borders, mass planting, and indoor growing. The butterfly ginger is not considered invasive and has moderate drought tolerance. It is generally pest-resistant and can be propagated by dividing its rhizomes. Original publication date October 1999.

Hedychium x 'Shureil' Shurei Ginger

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Shurei’ ginger (Hedychium x ‘Shurei’), a fragrant, peach-colored flowering plant. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth habits. The plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8B through 11 and can be planted year-round. It is noted for its aggressive spreading nature and suitability for borders, mass planting, and indoor growth. The document also highlights the plant’s soil and light requirements, moderate drought tolerance, and pest resistance. Additionally, it offers guidance on planting, propagation, and optimal growing conditions to maximize flowering. Original publication date October 1999.

Helianthus annuus 'Sonja' Sonja Sunflower

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Sonja’ sunflower (Helianthus annuus ‘Sonja’), a short-lived annual plant known for its large, striking flowers. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower size, as well as its growing conditions and pest resistance. The document also compares ‘Sonja’ with other sunflower cultivars like ‘Valentine’, ‘Floristan’, and ‘Hallo’, highlighting their differences in appearance and susceptibility to pests. Additionally, it offers practical information on planting and maintaining sunflowers in Florida, emphasizing their seasonal growth patterns and potential uses in landscaping. Original publication date October 1999.

Helianthus debilis Beach Sunflower

Edward F. Gilman, Sydney Park-Brown, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the beach sunflower (Helianthus debilis), a perennial plant native to Florida. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its small, sunflower-like flower heads, dark green deltoid leaves, and dense, spreading habit. The beach sunflower is noted for its high drought and salt tolerance, making it suitable for coastal areas. It is commonly used as ground cover and attracts butterflies. The document also outlines the plant’s growth requirements, such as full sun and well-drained sandy soils, and highlights its minimal pest issues and various cultivars. Original publication date October 1999.

Heliconia caribaea Caribbean Heliconia, Wild Plantain

Edward F. Gilman and Alan Meerow

This document provides a detailed description of the wild plantain, also known as Caribbean heliconia (Heliconia caribaea). It is an herbaceous perennial with large, leathery leaves and showy flowers, suitable for tropical gardens and indoor decoration. The plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10B through 11, preferring fertile, moist soil and partial to full sun. It can grow up to 15 feet tall and is propagated by division of matted clumps. While it has outstanding ornamental features, it is sensitive to pests and diseases such as leaf spots, scales, and nematodes. The document also highlights its moderate drought and soil salt tolerance. Original publication date October 1999.

Heliconia rostrata Lobster Claw

Edward F. Gilman, Alan Meerow, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Heliconia rostrata, commonly known as lobster claw or false bird of paradise. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its leathery, dark green leaves and striking scarlet and yellow bracts. The plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10B through 11 and is suitable for tropical gardens and indoor decoration. It requires fertile, moist soil and regular fertilization for optimal growth. The document also highlights the plant’s moderate drought and soil salt tolerance, as well as its susceptibility to certain pests and diseases. Propagation is typically done by division of the matted clumps. Original publication date October 1999. 

Heliconia spp. Heliconia

Edward F. Gilman, Alan Meerow, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Heliconia species, highlighting their characteristics, growth habits, and uses. Heliconias are herbaceous plants native to rainforests, known for their vibrant bracts and suitability as tropical cut flowers. They range in height from 2 to 15 feet and thrive in USDA hardiness zones 10B through 11. The plants prefer full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil, with moderate drought and salt tolerance. While they are not invasive, their aggressive spreading nature requires careful management. Heliconias are valued for their ornamental features and can be propagated by division. Original publication date October 1999.

Helictrotrichon sempervirens Blue Oat Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of blue oat grass (Helictotrichon sempervirens), a perennial ornamental grass known for its attractive blue or blue-green foliage. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and leaf structure. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as full sun exposure and well-drained soil, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its non-invasive nature, and its general availability within its hardiness range. The document concludes with care tips, noting that blue oat grass requires minimal maintenance and is generally pest-resistant. Original publication date October 1999.

Hibiscus coccineus Scarlet Rosemallow, Texas Star Hibiscus, Swamp Hibiscus

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the scarlet rosemallow (Hibiscus coccineus), a herbaceous perennial native to Florida. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, leaf structure, and vibrant red flowers. The document also covers its growth requirements, such as light and soil preferences, and its uses in landscaping. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s propagation methods and potential pest issues. The scarlet rosemallow is noted for its ornamental value and ability to attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Original publication date October 1999.

Hippeastrum x hybridum Amaryllis

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the amaryllis plant, scientifically known as Hippeastrum x hybridum. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its large, trumpet-shaped flowers available in various colors, and its semi-evergreen nature in northern Florida. The document details the plant’s growth requirements, such as well-drained soil and partial shade, and its moderate drought tolerance. It also covers planting guidelines, propagation methods, and common pests and diseases. The amaryllis is noted for its ornamental features and versatility in landscaping, making it suitable for mass plantings, containers, borders, and naturalizing. Original publication date October 1999.

Hydrangea quercifolia Oakleaf Hydrangea

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia), detailing its physical characteristics, growth requirements, and uses in landscaping. The shrub, known for its distinctive oak-shaped leaves and seasonal color changes, thrives in a variety of soil types and light conditions. It is noted for its moderate growth rate, coarse texture, and showy flowers that transition from white to pink and tan. The document also highlights the plant’s hardiness, pest resistance, and propagation methods, making it a versatile and low-maintenance choice for gardens and natural settings. Original publication date October 1999.

Hypericum spp. St. John's Wort

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Hypericum spp., commonly known as St. John’s wort. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its yellow flowers, dark green foliage, and moderate growth rate. The plant is suitable for use as ground cover in USDA hardiness zones 5B through 10A and can be planted year-round in zones 7 to 11. It is native to Florida, not known to be invasive, and has various uses such as foundation planting, border, mass planting, and edging. The document also details the plant’s soil and light requirements, drought tolerance, and pest resistance. Original publication date October 1999.

Ilex cornuta 'Carissa': Carissa Holly

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of Carissa holly (Ilex cornuta ‘Carissa’), a compact, dense evergreen shrub. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its small, glossy, dark green leaves with a single terminal spine, and its somewhat-showy clusters of fragrant, white flowers in spring, followed by bright red berries in fall and winter. The document outlines the plant’s growth habits, preferred growing conditions, and uses in landscaping, such as borders, mass plantings, and hedges. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s high drought tolerance, minimal irrigation needs, and pest resistance, making it a low-maintenance option for various landscape settings. Original publication date October 1999.

Ilex crenata 'Helleri' Helleri Holly

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the dwarf Japanese holly (Ilex crenata ‘Helleri’), highlighting its characteristics, uses, and cultivation requirements. It describes the plant’s fine texture, dense growth habit, and adaptability to various soil types and light conditions. The document also outlines the plant’s physical attributes, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flowering characteristics. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s hardiness zones, potential uses in landscaping, and common pest issues. The document concludes with information on propagation methods and mentions several cultivars of the dwarf Japanese holly. Original publication date October 1999.

Ilex decidua 'Byers Golden' Golden Possumhaw

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the Ilex decidua ‘Byers Golden’, commonly known as Golden Possumhaw. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and fruiting habits. The document highlights its uses in landscaping, such as in buffer strips, parking lot islands, and residential street trees. It also discusses the plant’s growth requirements, including light, soil, and water needs, and mentions its moderate drought tolerance and pest resistance. Additionally, the document notes the plant’s ornamental features, such as its persistent fruits and winter interest.  Original publication date October 1999.

Ilex decidua 'Council Fire' 'Council Fire' Possumhaw

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Council Fire’ possumhaw (Ilex decidua ‘Council Fire’), a native North American shrub or small tree. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and fruiting habits. The document highlights its adaptability to various soil types and conditions, its moderate drought tolerance, and its use in landscaping, such as in parking lot islands, buffer strips, and residential areas. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s ornamental features, pest resistance, and suitability for water retention areas. The document also mentions various cultivars developed for specific traits like fruit color and persistence. Original publication date October 1999.

Ilex decidua 'Hunter' Hunter Possumhaw

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Hunter’ possumhaw (Ilex decidua ‘Hunter’), a native North American shrub or small tree. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and fruiting habits. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and light conditions, its moderate drought tolerance, and its use in landscaping, such as in parking lot islands and residential street trees. Additionally, it notes the plant’s ornamental features, pest resistance, and suitability for water retention areas. The document also mentions various cultivars developed for specific traits like fruit color and persistence. Original publication date October 1999.

Ilex pedunculosa Longstalk Holly

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the longstalk holly (Ilex pedunculosa), a broadleaf evergreen native to China, Japan, and Korea. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its moderately dense habit, smooth undulating leaves, and small bright fruits. The longstalk holly is noted for its ornamental features, such as its pyramidal silhouette, pleasant fragrance, and persistent red fruits that attract birds. The document also covers the plant’s growth requirements, including its preference for well-drained soil and partial shade, as well as its tolerance to wind and cold. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s potential uses in landscaping, such as hedges, screens, and container plantings. Original publication date October 1999.

Ilex Vomitoria 'Schilling's Dwarf' Schilling's Dwarf Holly

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Schilling’s dwarf holly (Ilex vomitoria ‘Schilling’s Dwarf’), a dense, rounded shrub ideal for low-growing foundation planting and mass planting. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and growth rate. The document also highlights its adaptability to various soil types, high drought tolerance, and moderate salt tolerance, making it suitable for seaside plantings. Additionally, it offers guidance on planting, pruning, and propagation, noting that the plant is pest-resistant and requires minimal maintenance. Original publication date October 1999.

Illicium anisatum Japanese Anise Tree

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of Illicium anisatum, commonly known as the Japanese anise tree. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, leaf color, and flower appearance. The document also outlines the plant’s growing conditions, such as its preference for well-drained, rich soil and moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its non-invasive nature, and its general pest resistance. The document concludes with propagation methods and maintenance tips for optimal growth. Original publication date October 1999.

Illicium floridanum Florida Anise Tree, Florida Anise

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the Florida anise tree (Illicium floridanum), a native shrub of Florida. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its olive green leaves, reddish-purple flowers, and star-shaped seed pods. The document outlines the plant’s growth habits, preferred growing conditions, and uses in landscaping. It also highlights the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, pest resistance, and ease of maintenance. Additionally, it mentions the propagation methods and the availability of a white-flowered cultivar named ‘Album’. Original publication date October 1999.

Illicium parviflorum Anise, Yellow Anisetree, Star Anise

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an insightful overview of the longstalk holly, a broadleaf evergreen native to East Asia. It highlights the plant’s ornamental qualities, such as its smooth leaves, pyramidal shape, and red fruits that attract birds. The text also discusses the longstalk holly’s growth preferences, including its partial shade requirement and tolerance to wind and cold. The document concludes with potential landscaping applications for the plant, emphasizing its suitability for hedges, screens, and container plantings. Original publication date October 1999.

Impatiens x New Guinea Hybrids New Guinea Impatiens

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the New Guinea impatiens, a versatile and colorful annual plant. It highlights the plant’s distinguishing features, including its brilliantly marked foliage, large single flowers in various colors, and its ability to tolerate greater amounts of sun once established. The document details the plant’s growth habits, ideal planting conditions, and maintenance requirements, emphasizing its suitability for edging, mass planting, and container gardening. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s pest resistance and recent developments in seed propagation, making it a popular choice for gardeners. Original publication date October 1999.

Indigofera cylindrica Indigo

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Indigofera cylindrica, commonly known as indigo. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its pinnately compound leaves, pink flowers, and rounded vase-shaped canopy. The document details the plant’s growth habits, soil and light requirements, and its moderate drought tolerance. It also highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, such as specimen planting, border planting, and container gardening. Additionally, it notes that indigo is not native to North America and is not known to be invasive. The document concludes with practical advice on planting and maintaining indigo for optimal growth and aesthetic appeal. Original publication date October 1999.

Ipomoea pes-caprae Beach Morning Glory

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae), an herbaceous vine native to Florida and coastal regions from Texas to Georgia. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, leaf shape, and flower color, as well as its growth habits and environmental tolerances. The beach morning glory is noted for its rapid growth, high drought and salt tolerance, and usefulness as a ground cover and sand binder on coastal dunes. The document also highlights the plant’s invasive potential and suitability for specific planting zones. Original publication date October 1999.

Ipomoea stolonifera Fiddle-Leaf Morning Glory

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the fiddle-leaf morning glory (Ipomoea stolonifera), an herbaceous vine native to the southeastern United States. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its rapid growth, glossy green leaves, and white funnel-shaped flowers. The fiddle-leaf morning glory is noted for its high drought and salt tolerance, making it well-suited for coastal landscapes as a ground cover or sand binder. The document also highlights its invasive potential and the need for frequent pruning due to its fast growth rate. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and its year-round planting suitability in USDA hardiness zones 8 through 11. Original publication date October 1999.

Iris Fulva 'Louisiana Hybrids' Louisiana Iris

Edward F. Gilman, Carol Lord, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Louisiana iris hybrids, including their physical characteristics, planting requirements, and uses in landscaping. These perennials, native to Florida, feature dark green, sword-like leaves and a variety of flower colors. They thrive in USDA hardiness zones 6 through 10 and prefer acidic, moist soils but are also drought tolerant. The document highlights their suitability for borders, mass plantings, and ground cover, noting their moderate growth rate and pest resistance. Propagation methods and planting guidelines are also discussed. Original publication date October 1999.

Iris tectorum Japanese Roof Iris, Wall Iris

Edward F. Gilman, David Marshall, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Japanese roof iris (Iris tectorum), detailing its characteristics, growth habits, and uses. The plant features light-green, coarse-textured foliage and blue flowers that bloom in the spring. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 6 through 10 and can be planted year-round in zones 7 to 10. The Japanese roof iris is suitable for use as a border, ground cover, or mass planting, and it is known for its high drought tolerance and moderate growth rate. The document also highlights the plant’s preference for well-drained, partially shaded locations and its minimal pest issues. Original publication date October 1999.

Iris virginica Virginia Iris, Blue Flag, Blue Flag Iris

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Blue Flag Iris (Iris virginica), a native aquatic plant of Florida. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth habits, as well as its preferred growing conditions such as soil type, light requirements, and water needs. The document also highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its invasive potential, and its general pest resistance. Additionally, it offers guidance on planting and maintenance to ensure optimal growth and flowering. Original publication date October 1999.

Ixora coccinea

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the Ixora coccinea, a shrub known for its vibrant, tube-shaped flowers that bloom year-round. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flower colors. The document also covers the plant’s ideal growing conditions, such as full sun and well-drained acidic soil, and notes its moderate drought tolerance and poor soil salt tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its propagation methods, and common problems like chlorosis and pest issues. Original publication date October 1999. 

Justicia carnea Jacobinia, Flamingo Plant, Brazilian-plume

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides a detailed overview of Jacobinia (Justicia carnea), an evergreen shrub known for its vibrant, tubular flowers and large, dark green leaves. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, growth habits, and ideal growing conditions, emphasizing its suitability for USDA hardiness zones 8B through 11. The text also covers planting and pruning guidelines, propagation methods, and pest resistance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s ornamental value and potential uses in landscaping, such as in borders, mass plantings, and containers. Original publication date October 1999.

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Kalanchoe, Christmas Kalanchoe, Madagascar Widow's-thrill

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, commonly known as kalanchoe, Christmas kalanchoe, or Madagascar widow’s-thrill. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its dark green, succulent leaves, and vibrant flower clusters. The document highlights its suitability for various uses such as groundcover, rock gardens, and containers, due to its tolerance of low moisture conditions. Additionally, it outlines the plant’s growth requirements, propagation methods, and potential issues, making it a comprehensive guide for gardeners and horticulturists interested in cultivating this ornamental perennial. Original publication date October 1999.

Lagerstroemia indica 'Delta Blush' Delta Blush Crape Myrtle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the ‘Delta Blush’ crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica ‘Delta Blush’), highlighting its characteristics, planting requirements, and maintenance tips. It details the plant’s growth habits, including its height, spread, and seasonal features such as summer flowers and fall foliage. The document also discusses the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and its drought tolerance, making it suitable for urban and suburban landscapes. Additionally, it addresses common pests and diseases, offering guidance on selecting resistant cultivars and proper pruning techniques to maintain plant health and aesthetics. Original publication date October 1999.

Lagerstroemia indica 'New Orleans' New Orleans Crape Myrtle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘New Orleans’ crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica ‘New Orleans’), highlighting its characteristics, planting requirements, and uses. It details the plant’s growth habits, including its height, spread, and leaf arrangement, as well as its seasonal attributes such as summer flowering and attractive fall foliage. The document also discusses the plant’s tolerance to various soil types and drought conditions, its susceptibility to pests and diseases, and recommended pruning practices. Additionally, it mentions several cultivars of crape myrtle, noting their specific features and resistance to common issues like powdery mildew. Original publication date October 1999.

Lagerstroemia indica 'Yuma' Yuma Crape Myrtle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘New Orleans’ crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica ‘New Orleans’), highlighting its features and uses. It describes the plant’s growth habits, including its height, spread, and leaf characteristics. The document also covers its flowering and fruiting patterns, soil and light requirements, and drought tolerance. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s susceptibility to pests and diseases, as well as recommended pruning practices. Various cultivars of crape myrtle are mentioned, noting their specific attributes and resistance to common issues like powdery mildew. The document emphasizes the plant’s suitability for urban and suburban landscapes, particularly in USDA hardiness zones 7 through 9. Original publication date October 1999.

Lagerstroemia x 'Apalachee' Apalachee Crape Myrtle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Apalachee’ crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia x ‘Apalachee’), highlighting its features, planting requirements, and uses. The tree is noted for its striking summer flowers, attractive fall foliage, and high drought tolerance. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 7 through 9A and is suitable for various urban and suburban landscaping applications. The document also discusses the tree’s growth habits, soil and light preferences, pruning guidelines, and pest resistance. Additionally, it mentions several cultivars with varying flower colors and disease resistance.

Lagerstroemia x 'Comanche' Comanche Crape Myrtle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Lagerstroemia x 'Pecos' Pecos Crape Myrtle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Pecos Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia x ‘Pecos’), highlighting its striking summer flower color, attractive fall foliage, and good drought tolerance. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flower color. The document also discusses the plant’s growth requirements, such as light and soil preferences, and its resistance to pests and diseases. Additionally, it covers pruning techniques and the plant’s suitability for various landscape uses, making it a valuable resource for urban and suburban planting. Original publication date October 1999.

Lagerstroemia x 'Sioux' Sioux Crape Myrtle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Sioux crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia x ‘Sioux’), highlighting its characteristics, planting requirements, and uses. It details the tree’s attractive features, including its summer flower color, fall foliage, and drought tolerance. The document also covers its growth habits, soil and light preferences, and maintenance tips. Additionally, it discusses the tree’s resistance to pests and diseases, and mentions various cultivars with their specific traits. The Sioux crape myrtle is recommended for urban and suburban landscapes due to its versatility and aesthetic appeal. Original publication date October 1999.

Lagerstroemia x 'Tonto' Tonto Crape Myrtle

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides an overview of the ‘Tonto’ crape myrtle, a popular small tree known for its striking summer flowers, attractive fall foliage, and high drought tolerance. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its growth habits, leaf and flower features, and soil and light requirements. The document also discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, its pruning needs, and its resistance to pests and diseases. Additionally, it highlights various cultivars of crape myrtle, noting their specific attributes and resistance to common issues like powdery mildew.  Original publication date October 1999. 

Lavandula angustifolia Lavender, English Lavender

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Lavandula angustifolia, commonly known as English lavender. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its gray foliage, purple flowers, and growth habits. The plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 5B through 8 and prefers sunny locations with dry, somewhat infertile soil. The document highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping and its significance in the production of lavender oil for perfumes and cosmetics. Additionally, it mentions various cultivars and their specific features, as well as care tips for optimal growth and maintenance. Original publication date October 1999.

Leucothoe axillaris Dog Hobble, Coastal Leucothoe

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the coastal leucothoe (Leucothoe axillaris), a shrub native to Florida. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flower and fruit features. The document also outlines the plant’s growth requirements, such as light, soil, and water needs, and its uses in landscaping. Additionally, it highlights potential pest and disease issues and offers guidance on propagation and maintenance. Coastal leucothoe is noted for its suitability in shaded, wet sites and its aesthetic appeal in various garden settings. Original publication date October 1999.

Lindera benzoin Spicebush Lindera benzoin Spicebush

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the spicebush (Lindera benzoin), a large shrub native to Florida. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and aromatic properties. The spicebush thrives in sunny locations, displaying vibrant fall colors, and is suitable for various landscaping uses such as borders and naturalizing. The document also discusses the plant’s soil tolerances, light requirements, and pest resistance, noting that it has few serious disease problems and can be established from a container despite being difficult to transplant from a field nursery. Original publication date October 1999.

Linum perenne 'Bright Eyes' Bright Eyes Perennial Flax

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Bright Eyes’ perennial flax (Linum perenne ‘Bright Eyes’), detailing its characteristics, growth habits, and uses. The plant produces blue flowers during June and July, grows 12 to 18 inches tall, and is suitable for USDA hardiness zones 5 through 8. It is an herbaceous plant with an upright habit, moderate growth rate, and fine texture. The document also covers its planting requirements, soil tolerances, and potential pest issues, noting that it may self-seed each year and is somewhat available, though it may require sourcing from outside the region. Original publication date October 1999.

Liriope muscari 'Evergreen Giant' Evergreen Giant Lilyturf

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Evergreen Giant Liriope (Liriope muscari ‘Evergreen Giant’), a perennial, herbaceous ornamental grass. It highlights its attractive dark green foliage and lilac purple blooms, making it a popular groundcover. The plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 6 through 10 and can be planted year-round in zones 7 to 10. It is noted for its moderate growth rate, fine texture, and ability to grow in part shade or full shade. The document also discusses its soil tolerances, moderate drought tolerance, and minimal care requirements, making it a versatile and low-maintenance option for various landscaping uses. Original publication date October 1999.

Liriope muscari 'Variegata' Variegated Lilyturf, Variegated Liriope

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the variegated lilyturf (Liriope muscari ‘Variegata’), a perennial ornamental grass known for its variegated leaves and violet-blue flowers. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and leaf and flower features. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as partial shade and well-drained soils, and its moderate tolerance to drought and salt spray. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, its propagation methods, and its resistance to pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Liriope spicata Creeping Lilyturf, Border-grass, Creeping Liriope, Liriope, Monkey-grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Liriope spicata, commonly known as creeping lilyturf, border-grass, or monkey-grass. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its dense, uniform cover, violet-blue flowers, and blue-black fruits. The plant is noted for its rapid spread by rhizomes, making it suitable for confined planting areas. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 6 through 10 and prefers partial to full shade with well-drained soils. The document also highlights its moderate drought tolerance, minimal pest issues, and propagation methods. However, it cautions against using creeping lilyturf as an edging plant due to its invasive nature. Original publication date October 1999.

Lobelia erinus Lobelia, Edging Lobelia

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Lonicera sempervirens Trumpet Honeysuckle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the trumpet honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens), a native vine known for its vibrant, trumpet-shaped crimson flowers that attract hummingbirds. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its growth habits, hardiness zones, and soil tolerances. The document also covers planting and care instructions, highlighting its suitability for sunny locations and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s propagation methods and available cultivars, along with common pests and diseases that may affect it. Overall, trumpet honeysuckle is presented as an excellent choice for naturalizing and adding ornamental value to gardens. Original publication date October 2007.

Loropetalum chinensis Chinese Fringe Bush

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Loropetalum chinensis, commonly known as the Chinese Fringe Bush. It details the plant’s origin, growth habits, and uses in landscaping. The shrub, native to temperate and tropical Asia, is noted for its moderate growth rate, dense foliage, and attractive red flowers. It thrives in various soil types and is suitable for use as a screen, hedge, or specimen plant. The document also addresses the plant’s pest resistance and management practices, highlighting its suitability for sunny locations with acidic soil. Original publication date October 1999.

Lycium carolinianum Christmas Berry, Carolina Desert-thorn

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed description of Lycium carolinianum, commonly known as Christmas berry or Carolina desert-thorn12. It is a small shrub native to the southeastern United States, particularly thriving in coastal areas. The shrub features rigid, thorn-tipped branches, succulent leaves, and attractive blue, white, or lavender flowers that bloom in autumn3. The flowers are followed by bright red berries that attract birds4. The plant is highly tolerant of salt spray and drought conditions, making it suitable for coastal plantings5. It can be used as a border plant or trained into a small tree for gardens and patios6. The document also highlights its planting requirements, growth habits, and potential uses in landscaping. Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia kobus var. stellata 'Centennial' 'Centennial' Star Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Centennial’ star magnolia (Magnolia kobus var. stellata ‘Centennial’). It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its size, growth habit, and flowering attributes. The star magnolia is noted for its fragrant white flowers with a touch of pink, which bloom in spring before the leaves appear. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as soil type and light requirements, and discusses its moderate drought tolerance and pest resistance. Additionally, it mentions various cultivars and provides tips for successful planting and maintenance.  Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia kobus var. stellata 'Green Star' 'Green Star' Star Magnolia

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Green Star’ star magnolia (Magnolia kobus var. stellata ‘Green Star’). It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its size, growth habit, and appearance. The document highlights the plant’s uses, hardiness zones, and planting requirements. It also discusses potential pests and diseases, as well as maintenance tips to ensure healthy growth. Additionally, it mentions other cultivars and hybrids related to the star magnolia. Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia kobus var. stellata 'Royal Star' 'Royal Star' Star Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Royal Star’ star magnolia (Magnolia kobus var. stellata ‘Royal Star’). It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its size, growth habit, and appearance, highlighting its white and pink spring flowers and moderate growth rate. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as soil type, light requirements, and hardiness zones, and offers guidance on planting and maintenance. Additionally, it addresses potential pests and diseases, emphasizing the importance of regular care to maintain the plant’s health and appearance. Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia kobus var. stellata 'Waterlily' 'Waterlily' Star Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Waterlily’ star magnolia (Magnolia kobus var. stellata ‘Waterlily’). It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and appearance. The document also covers its planting requirements, such as soil type, light conditions, and hardiness zones. Additionally, it addresses potential pests and diseases that may affect the plant, along with recommended care practices to maintain its health and appearance. The ‘Waterlily’ star magnolia is noted for its attractive flowers and suitability as a patio or lawn specimen.  Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia x 'Peter Smithers' 'Peter Smithers' Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Peter Smithers’ magnolia, a deciduous shrub known for its large, light pink flowers that bloom in late winter to early spring. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its upright growth habit, moderate growth rate, and coarse texture. The magnolia thrives in USDA hardiness zones 5 through 9A and can be planted year-round in zones 7 to 9. It is best used as a specimen plant in sunny spots, though it can tolerate partial shade. The document also covers planting and care tips, noting that the tree is generally pest-free but may be affected by scales and leaf spots. Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia x 'Royal Crown' 'Royal Crown' Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Royal Crown’ magnolia, a deciduous shrub known for its striking pink and white flowers that bloom in late winter to early spring. It describes the plant’s growth habits, including its upright, round shape and moderate growth rate, as well as its adaptability to various soil types and light conditions. The document highlights the plant’s ornamental features, such as its showy flowers and winter interest, and offers practical advice on planting, pruning, and pest management. It also notes the plant’s non-invasive nature and its suitability for use in landscapes as a specimen tree or in containers. Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia x soulangiana 'Alexandrina' 'Alexandrina' Saucer Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Alexandrina’ saucer magnolia, a deciduous tree known for its beautiful pink and white flowers. It describes the tree’s growth habits, including its upright and round form, moderate growth rate, and open canopy. The document highlights the tree’s adaptability to various soil types and its moderate drought tolerance. It also notes the tree’s ornamental features, such as its showy fall color and winter interest. Additionally, it provides practical information on planting, pruning, and pest resistance, making it a valuable resource for gardeners and landscapers. Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia x soulangiana 'Coates' 'Coates' Saucer Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Coates’ saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana ‘Coates’). It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its upright and round habit, large light pink and white flowers, and moderate growth rate. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as its hardiness zones, soil tolerances, and light requirements. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its pest resistance, and the best practices for planting and pruning. The ‘Coates’ saucer magnolia is noted for its ornamental features and suitability as a specimen plant in sunny or partially shaded spots.  Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia x soulangiana 'Cupcake' 'Cupcake' Saucer Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Cupcake’ saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana ‘Cupcake’). It describes the tree’s growth habits, blooming period, and ornamental features, including its large, light pink and white flowers. The document also covers the tree’s planting requirements, hardiness zones, and potential uses in landscaping. Additionally, it highlights the tree’s moderate growth rate, pest resistance, and maintenance needs, emphasizing its suitability as a specimen plant in sunny or partially shaded spots. Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia x soulangiana 'Lennei': 'Lennei' Saucer Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Lennei’ saucer magnolia, including its growth habits, flowering characteristics, and optimal planting conditions. It describes the tree’s upright and round form, moderate growth rate, and coarse texture. The ‘Lennei’ saucer magnolia is noted for its large, pink and white flowers that bloom in late winter to early spring. The document also covers the tree’s hardiness zones, soil tolerances, and pest resistance, making it a valuable resource for gardeners and landscapers interested in cultivating this ornamental tree. Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia x soulangiana 'Orchid' ‘Orchid’ Saucer Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Orchid’ saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana ‘Orchid’). It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its upright growth habit, large red flowers, and moderate growth rate. The text highlights its adaptability to various soil types and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, such as near patios or in containers, and its ornamental features, including showy winter flowers and attractive bark. The document also addresses planting and care tips, noting its general pest resistance and the importance of early training to develop the desired form.  Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia x soulangiana 'Picture' 'Picture' Saucer Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Picture’ saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana ‘Picture’). It describes the plant’s growth habits, blooming period, and physical characteristics, including its large, pink and white flowers. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as soil type, light requirements, and hardiness zones. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its moderate drought tolerance, and its general pest resistance. The document emphasizes the importance of early training to develop the desired form and notes potential issues like frost damage and canker diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia x soulangiana 'Pristine' 'Pristine' Saucer Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Pristine’ saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana ‘Pristine’), detailing its characteristics, planting requirements, and care guidelines. The tree is noted for its upright, round habit, moderate growth rate, and showy white flowers that bloom in late winter to early spring. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 5 through 9A and can be planted year-round in zones 7 to 9. The ‘Pristine’ saucer magnolia is suitable for various uses, including near patios, in containers, or as an espalier. It is generally pest-free but may be affected by scales and leaf spots. The document emphasizes the importance of early training to develop the desired form and highlights the tree’s ornamental features, such as its winter interest and attractive bark. Original publication date October 1999.

Magnolia x soulangiana 'Purple Prince' 'Purple Prince' Saucer Magnolia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Purple Prince’ saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana ‘Purple Prince’). It describes the plant’s growth habits, flowering characteristics, and optimal planting conditions. The tree is noted for its large, purple flowers that bloom in late winter to early spring, and its adaptability to various soil types and light conditions. Additionally, the document highlights the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, pest resistance, and ornamental features, making it a valuable addition to gardens and landscapes. Original publication date October 1999.

Mahonia aquifolium Oregon Grapeholly

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Oregon grapeholly (Mahonia aquifolium), a shrub known for its holly-like leaves, blue fruits, and yellow flowers. It details the plant’s growth habits, including its height, spread, and growth rate, as well as its preferred growing conditions such as light, soil, and water requirements. The document also highlights the plant’s ornamental features, pest resistance, and potential uses in landscaping. Additionally, it mentions various cultivars of Oregon grapeholly, each with unique characteristics. Original publication date October 1999.

Malpighia glabra Barbados Cherry, Wild Crapemyrtle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Barbados cherry (Malpighia glabra), detailing its characteristics, growth requirements, and uses. The tree, known for its small pink flowers and bright red, vitamin C-rich fruits, grows up to 12 feet tall and wide. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 9B through 11 and can be planted year-round. The Barbados cherry is suitable for various landscaping purposes, including as a specimen plant, hedge, or screen. It prefers fertile, nematode-free soil and is not salt-tolerant. Propagation is typically done through layering or cuttings, and while it has high drought tolerance, it can be affected by pests such as nematodes, whiteflies, scale, and plant bugs. Original publication date October 1999.

Malus x 'David' 'David' Crabapple

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides comprehensive information on growing crabapples, including their ideal growing conditions, such as full sun and well-drained soil. It details the various cultivars, their characteristics, and uses in urban landscaping. The document also addresses common pests and diseases that affect crabapples and offers guidance on selecting disease-resistant varieties. Additionally, it highlights the ornamental value of crabapples, emphasizing their showy flowers and attractive fruit. Original publication date October 1999.

Malus x 'Jewelberry' Jewelberry Crabapple

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides comprehensive information on growing crabapples, including their ideal growing conditions, such as sunny locations with good air circulation and well-drained soil. It details the various characteristics of crabapple trees, including size, flower and fruit color, growth habits, and disease resistance. The document is about the Jewelberry' crabapple and, also highlights different cultivars, such as ‘Prairifire’ and ‘Sugar Tyme’, their uses in landscaping, and their adaptability to urban environments. Additionally, it addresses common pests and diseases that affect crabapples and offers recommendations for selecting disease-resistant varieties. Original publication date October 1999.

Malus x 'Mary Potter' 'Mary Potter' Crabapple

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document details the ‘Mary Potter’ crabapple tree, covering its growth in sunny, well-drained areas, adaptability to various soils, and urban conditions. It highlights the tree’s showy flowers, colorful fruit, and uses in landscaping. It also emphasizes selecting disease-resistant cultivars and managing common pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Malus x 'Prariefire' ‘Prariefire’ Crabapple

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides detailed information about the ‘Prairiefire’ crabapple tree, including its growth requirements, characteristics, and uses. It highlights the tree’s adaptability to various soil types and urban conditions, its showy flowers and colorful fruit, and its applications in landscaping. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of selecting disease-resistant cultivars and managing common pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Malus x 'Profusion' 'Profusion' Crabapple

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides detailed information about the ‘Profusion’ crabapple tree, including its growth requirements, characteristics, and uses. It highlights the tree’s adaptability to various soil types and urban conditions, its showy pink flowers and red fruit, and its applications in landscaping. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of selecting disease-resistant cultivars and managing common pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Malus x 'Red Jade' 'Red Jade' Crabapple

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides detailed information about the ‘Red Jade’ crabapple tree, including its growth requirements, characteristics, and uses. It highlights the tree’s adaptability to various soil types and urban conditions, its showy pink flowers and red fruit, and its applications in landscaping. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of selecting disease-resistant cultivars and managing common pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Mandevilla splendens 'Alice Dupont' Alice Dupont Allamanda

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Alice Dupont’ allamanda, an attractive evergreen vine known for its deep pink, funnelform blooms and dark green leaves. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its moderate growth rate, dense habit, and year-round flowering in USDA hardiness zones 10 and 11. The document also covers its planting requirements, such as full sun and well-drained soil, and highlights its uses in hanging baskets and cascading down walls. Additionally, it notes the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, poor soil salt tolerance, and lack of serious pest issues. Original publication date October 1999.

Matthiola incana Stock, Gillyflower

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the plant Matthiola incana, commonly known as stock or gillyflower. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors. The document also outlines the planting months for various USDA hardiness zones and highlights its moderate growth rate and drought tolerance. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s uses, such as mass planting, and notes its availability in nurseries. The document concludes with information on related species and cultivars suitable for Florida. Original publication date October 1999.

Michelia doltsopa x figo 'Allspice' Allspice Banana Shrub

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed description of the Allspice Banana Shrub (Michelia doltsopa x figo ‘Allspice’), an evergreen shrub known for its dense, upright growth and fragrant, magnolia-like flowers. It outlines the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flower color. The document also covers the shrub’s preferred growing conditions, such as soil type, light requirements, and drought tolerance. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, its propagation methods, and potential pest issues. The Allspice Banana Shrub is noted for its ornamental features and suitability for urban environments. Original publication date October 1999.

Miscanthus sinensis Maiden Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of Miscanthus sinensis, commonly known as maiden grass. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and fine-textured foliage, as well as its seasonal changes and ornamental features. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and its moderate drought tolerance. It also discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, such as mass planting, border, and accent, and provides information on its propagation and maintenance1. Additionally, it mentions several cultivars of maiden grass, each with unique features, and notes that the plant has no serious pest or disease issues. Original publication date September 1999.

Miscanthus sinensis 'Gracillimus' Gracillimus Maiden Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’, commonly known as ‘Gracillimus’ maiden grass. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its fine-textured, fountain-like foliage, and its pink or silvery plumes that persist into winter. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types, its moderate drought tolerance, and its preference for full sun. It also discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, such as mass planting, borders, and as an accent or screen. Additionally, it mentions other cultivars of Miscanthus sinensis and notes that the plant is generally pest-resistant, with occasional rust diseases that typically resolve in dry weather. Original publication date September 1999.

Miscanthus sinensis 'Morning Light' Morning Light Maiden Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Morning Light’, commonly known as ‘Morning Light’ maiden grass. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and fine-textured foliage. The document highlights its ornamental uses in landscapes, such as mass planting, borders, and as an accent. It also covers the plant’s adaptability to various soil types, its drought tolerance, and its preference for full sun. Additionally, the document mentions the plant’s invasive potential and provides information on its propagation and pest resistance. Original publication date September 1999.

Miscanthus sinensis 'Purpurascens' 'Purpurascens’ Japanese Silver Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Purpurascens’, commonly known as maiden grass or flame grass. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and distinctive reddish-purple fall color. The document highlights its uses in landscaping, such as mass planting, borders, and as an accent plant. It also covers the plant’s growth requirements, including its preference for full sun and well-drained soils, as well as its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, the document mentions the plant’s invasive potential and the absence of serious pest issues. Original publication date September 1999.

Miscanthus sinensis 'Silverbell' ‘Silverbell' Japanese Silver Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Silverbell’ Japanese silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis ‘Silverbell’), an ornamental grass known for its distinctive yellow-banded leaves and pink flowers. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and seasonal changes. The document also covers its uses in landscaping, such as mass planting, borders, and containers, and highlights its adaptability to various soil types and drought tolerance. Additionally, it mentions other cultivars of Miscanthus sinensis and provides guidance on planting and maintenance. Original publication date October 1999.

Miscanthus sinensis 'Variegatus' Variegated Japanese Silver Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Miscanthus sinensis 'Zebrinus': 'Zebrinus' Japanese Silver Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Zebrinus’, commonly known as ‘Zebrinus’ Japanese silver grass or zebra grass. It describes the plant’s distinctive features, including its variegated yellow-striped foliage, pink flowers, and weeping growth habit. The grass is noted for its adaptability to various soil types, moderate drought tolerance, and preference for full sun. It is used in landscapes for mass planting, borders, containers, and as an accent or screen4. The document also highlights the plant’s hardiness, growth rate, and ornamental value, along with its minimal pest issues and occasional rust disease. Original publication date October 1999.

Monarda punctata Bee Balm, Horsemint

Edward F. Gilman, Terry Delvalle, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Monarda punctata, commonly known as horsemint or bee balm. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, leaf shape, and flower color. The text highlights its native habitat in Florida and its suitability for USDA hardiness zones 4 through 9. It also covers the plant’s uses in landscaping, its growth requirements, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, the document mentions propagation methods and the plant’s resistance to pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Muhlenbergia capillaris Muhly Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Muhlenbergia capillaris, commonly known as muhly grass. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth habit. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and environmental conditions, such as drought and flooding. It also outlines the plant’s uses in landscaping, emphasizing its ornamental features and low maintenance requirements. Additionally, the document notes that muhly grass is native to Florida and is not known to be invasive. Original publication date September 1999.

Musa rosa Banana

Edward F. Gilman , Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Musa rosa, commonly known as banana. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth habit. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and environmental conditions, such as extended flooding and different soil pH levels. It also outlines the plant’s uses in landscaping, emphasizing its ornamental features and tropical effect. Additionally, the document notes that Musa rosa is not native to North America and has invasive potential. Original publication date September 1999.

Myrsine guianensis Rapanca, Myrsine

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Myrsine guianensis, commonly known as Rapanca or Myrsine. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth habit. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and environmental conditions, such as its tolerance to drought and salt spray. It also outlines the plant’s uses in landscaping, emphasizing its suitability for hedges, screens, and reclamation projects. Additionally, the document notes that Myrsine guianensis is an evergreen shrub that produces shiny black berries, which attract birds. Original publication date September 1999.

Nandina domestica 'Harbor Dwarf' Harbor Dwarf Nandina

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Nandina domestica ‘Harbor Dwarf’, commonly known as Harbor Dwarf Nandina. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its compact size, dense foliage, and seasonal color changes. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and environmental conditions, such as its moderate drought tolerance and preference for full sun to partial shade. It also outlines the plant’s uses in landscaping, emphasizing its suitability for borders, mass plantings, and containers. Additionally, the document notes that Harbor Dwarf Nandina is an evergreen shrub that produces fewer fruits compared to other Nandina varieties. Original publication date October 1999.

Narcissus spp. Daffodil, Narcissus

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the daffodil (Narcissus spp.), detailing its various forms, colors, and uses in landscaping. It covers the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and leaf and flower features. The document also discusses the planting and care requirements for daffodils, such as soil preferences, watering needs, and pest management. Additionally, it highlights the potential diseases and pests that can affect daffodils and offers guidance on how to address these issues. Original publication date Sept. 1999.

Nelumbo nucifera Lotus, Sacred Lotus

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Nelumbo nucifera, commonly known as the Sacred Lotus. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its large, round leaves and fragrant pink or white flowers. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various water conditions and its ability to thrive in muddy, murky environments. It also outlines the plant’s cultural and religious significance, particularly in Buddhism and Hinduism, where it symbolizes purity and spiritual enlightenment. Additionally, the document notes the plant’s uses in traditional medicine and its potential invasiveness in non-native regions. Original publication date September 1999. 

Nephrolepis exaltata Boston Fern, Sword Fern

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Nephrolepis exaltata, commonly known as Boston Fern or Sword Fern. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its long, narrow, pale green leaves and its ability to create dense, tropical ground cover. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and environmental conditions, such as its moderate drought tolerance and preference for partial to full shade. It also outlines the plant’s uses in landscaping, emphasizing its suitability for hanging baskets, containers, and mass plantings. Additionally, the document notes that while Boston Fern can be somewhat invasive in ideal conditions, it can be controlled through regular thinning and proper management.  Original publication date September 1999.

Nymphaea x 'Attraction' Attraction Hardy Water Lily

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Nymphaea x ‘Attraction’, commonly known as Attraction Hardy Water Lily. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its large, deep rose-red to burgundy flowers and oval-shaped leaves that start as light bronze and mature to deep green. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various water conditions and its preference for full sun. It also outlines the plant’s uses in water gardens and ponds, emphasizing its long blooming season from early summer to early fall. Additionally, the document notes that Attraction Hardy Water Lily is suitable for medium to large ponds and can tolerate summer heat better than most red water lilies. Original publication date October 1999.

Odontonema strictum Firespike

Edward F. Gilman, Terry Delvalle, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the firespike plant (Odontonema strictum), an herbaceous perennial known for its striking red flowers that bloom in fall and winter. It details the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, leaf structure, and growth habits. The document also discusses the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as partial shade and moderately fertile, sandy soils, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its attractiveness to hummingbirds and butterflies, and its propagation methods. The document concludes with practical advice on planting, spacing, and maintenance. Original publication date October 1999. 

Opuntia spinosisima Prickly Pear Cactus

Edward F. Gilman

The publication provides a comprehensive overview of Opuntia spinosissima, commonly known as the Prickly Pear Cactus. This native species, which is at risk of extinction in Florida, forms irregular clumps or shrub-like mounds in sandy soils and has a coarse texture. The plant’s modified stems, often mistaken for leaves, are covered with long spines and smaller glochids that can cause irritation. It thrives in full sun and well-drained soils, demonstrating high tolerance to drought, heat, and salt. The cactus produces bright red, cup-shaped flowers and edible fruits that mature in mid to late summer. The publication also discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, its propagation methods, and its resistance to pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Opuntia spp. Prickly Pear Cactus

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides a detailed overview of the prickly pear cactus (Opuntia spp.), a plant native to the southern United States, including Florida. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, such as its height, spread, and distinctive plate-like stem sections. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and its high drought tolerance, making it suitable for hot, dry conditions. Additionally, it covers the plant’s ornamental features, including its colorful flowers and edible fruits, and notes its minimal pest and disease issues. The document also outlines propagation methods and optimal growing conditions for the prickly pear cactus. Original publication date October 1999.

Osmanthus heterophyllus False Holly, Holly Tea Olive, Holly Osmanthus

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides a detailed overview of the Osmanthus heterophyllus, commonly known as false holly. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flowering attributes. The document highlights its uses in landscaping, such as hedges, borders, and buffer strips, and notes its adaptability to various soil types and light conditions. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s drought tolerance, pest resistance, and propagation methods, making it a valuable addition to southern landscapes. Original publication date October 1999. 

Pachystachys lutea Golden Shrimp Plant

Edward F. Gilman, Alan Meerow, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the golden shrimp plant (Pachystachys lutea), a tropical shrub known for its bright yellow bracts and white flowers. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flowering habits. The document also covers the plant’s growing requirements, such as light, soil, and temperature preferences, and offers guidance on propagation and maintenance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping and its susceptibility to pests like scales and spider mites. Original publication date October 1999.

Pandorea jasminoides Bower Plant, Bower Vine

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the bower plant (Pandorea jasminoides), highlighting its characteristics, growth habits, and uses. The bower plant is an evergreen vine known for its fast growth, glossy dark green foliage, and attractive white or pink-throated flowers that bloom throughout the year. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 9B through 11 and requires full sun, fertile soil, and protection from strong winds. The plant is not native to North America and is not known to be invasive. It can be propagated by seed or softwood cuttings and has no major pest or disease concerns. Original publication date October 1999.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), a deciduous vine known for its rapid growth and attractive foliage. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its palmately divided leaflets that turn scarlet in the fall and its bluish-black berries. The document discusses the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and light conditions, its high drought tolerance, and its potential uses in landscaping. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s invasive potential and the need for careful management to prevent it from becoming weedy. The document also mentions the cultivar ‘Engelmanni’ and provides information on propagation and pest resistance. Original publication date October 1999. 

Passiflora edulis Passion Fruit, Purple Granadilla

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the passion fruit vine, Passiflora edulis, detailing its characteristics, growth requirements, and uses. Native to South America, this evergreen vine produces distinctive purple and white flowers and edible fruit. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 9B through 11 and requires full sun for optimal growth. The plant is moderately drought-tolerant and can grow in various soil types. It attracts butterflies and hummingbirds and can be used as a screen or cascading plant. The document also highlights the plant’s invasive potential, propagation methods, and common pests. Original publication date October 1999.

Passiflora incarnata Wild Passion Flower, Maypop

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides an overview of the Maypop (Passiflora incarnata), a native flowering vine in Florida. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its showy pink and purple flowers, evergreen leaves, and ovoid green fruits. The Maypop is noted for its fast growth, high drought tolerance, and ability to attract butterflies and hummingbirds. It thrives in full sun and various soil types, making it suitable for most of Florida. The document also highlights the plant’s invasive potential, pest resistance, and propagation methods. Additionally, it mentions other native Passiflora species and the Maypop’s ornamental value in landscaping. Original publication date October, 1999.

Pelargonium x hortorum Geranium

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of geraniums (Pelargonium x hortorum), detailing their varieties, planting guidelines, and care requirements. It highlights their attractive flower colors, including red, pink, white, and orange, and their ability to attract butterflies and hummingbirds. The document outlines optimal planting times for different USDA hardiness zones and offers tips for maintaining healthy plants, such as proper watering, fertilization, and pest control. Additionally, it covers propagation methods, common pests and diseases, and the general growth habits of geraniums, making it a valuable resource for gardeners in various climates. Original publication date October 1999. 

Pelargonium x hortorum 'Orange Appeal' 'Orange Appeal' Geranium

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Orange Appeal’ geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum). It details the plant’s characteristics, including its flower colors, growth habits, and preferred growing conditions. The document also covers planting guidelines for various USDA hardiness zones, propagation methods, and common pests and diseases that affect geraniums. Additionally, it offers tips for maintaining healthy plants, such as proper spacing, fertilization, and pruning practices. The ‘Orange Appeal’ geranium is noted for its ability to attract hummingbirds and butterflies, making it a valuable addition to gardens in warm climates. Original publication date October 1999.

Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Hameln' Dwarf Fountain Grass, Australian Fountain Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the dwarf cultivar of fountain grass, Pennisetum alopecuroides ‘Hameln’. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth rate, as well as its ornamental features such as its white, bottle brush-like inflorescence and bright green foliage that turns golden brown in the fall. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, including full sun and well-drained soils, and its high drought tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its non-invasive nature, and its pest resistance. The propagation method by division every 5 to 10 years is also mentioned. Original publication date October 1999.

Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Weserbergland' 'Weserbergland' Fountain Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Weserbergland’ dwarf cultivar of fountain grass, scientifically known as Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Weserbergland’. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth habits. The grass features white, bottle brush-like inflorescences that persist into fall and bright green foliage that turns golden brown in autumn. It is noted for its fine texture and graceful fountain shape, making it suitable for mass planting, containers, and borders. The document also covers its planting requirements, such as full sun and well-drained soils, and mentions its high drought tolerance and pest resistance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s ornamental value and provides guidance on propagation through division. Original publication date October 1999.

Pennisetum setaceum Tender Fountain Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides information on Fountain Grass (Pennisetum setaceum), a Category 2 invasive plant in Florida. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its fine-textured foliage, showy flowers, and potential invasiveness. The grass is noted for its ornamental use in landscapes, with details on its growth habits, planting requirements, and hardiness zones. The document also highlights the plant’s moderate drought tolerance and lack of serious pests or diseases. Additionally, it mentions the cultivar ‘Rubrum’ with its reddish foliage and flowers. The aim is to encourage the removal of this plant from landscapes and discourage its purchase at nurseries due to its invasive potential. Original publication date October 1999.

Pennisetum setaceum 'Rubrum' Purple Fountain Grass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of red fountain grass, scientifically known as Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its reddish foliage, purple-pink or copper-colored flowers, and its height and spread. The document highlights the plant’s growth requirements, such as full sun exposure and well-drained soil, and notes its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s potential invasiveness and its use in landscaping as an ornamental grass. The document also mentions that red fountain grass is generally free from serious pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Pentas lanceolata Pentas, Egyptian Starcluster

Edward F. Gilman, Suzanne Shuffit, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of Pentas lanceolata, commonly known as pentas or Egyptian starcluster. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and flowering habits. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and its moderate drought tolerance. It also notes the plant’s popularity with butterflies and hummingbirds, and its use in containers, hanging baskets, and as an accent in gardens. Additionally, it covers planting guidelines, maintenance tips, and propagation methods, emphasizing the plant’s suitability for hardiness zones 8B through 11. Original publication date October 1999.

Peperomia obtusifolia Peperomia, Baby Rubber Plant

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of Peperomia obtusifolia, commonly known as the baby rubber plant. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its round, smooth, dark green leaves and short, brittle stems. The document highlights its uses as a groundcover, container plant, and houseplant, noting its suitability for tropical environments and indoor settings. It also covers the plant’s growth requirements, such as light, soil, and humidity preferences, and mentions its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, the document discusses propagation methods, common pests, and diseases that may affect Peperomia obtusifolia. Original publication date October 1999.

Philodendron bipennifolium Horsehead Philodendron

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Philodendron bipennifolium, commonly known as the horsehead or fiddleleaf philodendron. It describes the plant’s distinctive features, including its large, shiny, olive green leaves shaped like a violin or horse’s head. The plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10B through 11 and is suitable for indoor growth or cascading down walls. It requires well-drained soil and can tolerate moderate drought but is sensitive to pests and diseases. Propagation is typically done through cuttings or layering. The document also highlights the plant’s moderate growth rate, coarse texture, and its ability to grow in both bright light and deep shade. Original publication date October 1999.

Philodendron martianum Flask Philodendron

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Philodendron martianum, commonly known as the flask philodendron. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its large, dark green leaves and upright, spreading habit. The plant is suitable for use as an accent, ground cover, or container plant, thriving in deep shade and well-drained soil. It is moderately drought-tolerant but has poor salt tolerance. The document also highlights the plant’s non-native status, its potential uses in landscaping, and its moderate availability. Additionally, it addresses propagation methods and common pest issues, such as mites, scale, and fungal leaf spot diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Philodendron scandens Heart Leaf Philodendron

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the heart leaf philodendron (Philodendron scandens), detailing its characteristics, growth habits, and care requirements. It describes the plant’s adaptability to indoor and outdoor environments, highlighting its tolerance for low light and its potential to grow as a ground cover or climbing plant. The document also outlines the plant’s physical attributes, including leaf shape, size, and color, as well as its moderate growth rate and soil preferences. Additionally, it addresses the plant’s pest and disease resistance, propagation methods, and optimal planting conditions. Original publication date October 1999. 

Philodendron selloum Selloum, Philodendron selloum

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Philodendron selloum, a large-leaved, easily grown shrub that makes a dramatic, tropical statement in landscapes. It details the plant’s physical characteristics, including its deeply divided, medium green leaves, and its ability to grow up to 12 feet in height with a spread of 10 to 15 feet. The document also covers the plant’s growing conditions, such as its preference for part shade to full sun and moisture-retentive soil, and its suitability for various uses, including mass planting, container growth, and indoor cultivation. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, pest resistance, and propagation methods. Original publication date October, 1999.

Philodendron x 'Xanadu' 'Xanadu' Philodendron

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Xanadu’ Philodendron, a moderately large-leaved, easily grown plant that makes a dramatic, tropical statement in landscapes. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its deeply divided, dark grey-green leaves, growth habits, and suitability for USDA hardiness zones 10 through 11. The ‘Xanadu’ Philodendron is noted for its adaptability to shade, moderate drought tolerance, and preference for rich, moisture-retentive soil. It is commonly used for foundation plantings, borders, mass plantings, and indoor growth. The document also highlights its non-invasive nature, pest resistance, and general availability within its hardiness range. Original publication date October 1999.

Pilea cadierei Aluminum Plant

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Pilea cadierei, commonly known as the aluminum plant. It describes the plant’s distinctive variegated foliage, growth habits, and care requirements. The aluminum plant thrives in shaded areas and can be used as a ground cover, in hanging baskets, or cascading down walls2. It is sensitive to pests and requires regular irrigation and fertilization to maintain its appearance. The document also highlights the plant’s invasive potential and its suitability for USDA hardiness zones 10 through 11. Original publication date October 1999.

Pilea microphylla Artillery Plant

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides an overview of the artillery plant (Pilea microphylla), detailing its characteristics, growth habits, and uses. The plant is described as a fine-textured, fern-like ground cover that grows 8 to 12 inches tall and spreads up to two feet wide. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10B through 11 and prefers well-drained, moist soils. The artillery plant is suitable for mass planting, container gardening, and indoor growth. It is noted for its moderate drought tolerance, potential invasiveness, and occasional pest issues. Propagation is typically done through cuttings, and the plant requires minimal maintenance, with occasional pinching to encourage bushiness. Original publication date October 1999.

Pinus densiflora 'Pendula' Weeping Japanese Red Pine

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Weeping Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora ‘Pendula’), detailing its characteristics, growth habits, and care requirements. The tree is noted for its picturesque silhouette, with a crooked trunk and reddish-orange peeling bark. It thrives in full sun and well-drained, slightly acidic soil, and is suitable for USDA hardiness zones 3B through 7A2. The document also highlights its moderate drought tolerance, pest resistance, and potential issues such as needle blight and rusts. Additionally, it mentions several cultivars and their unique features. Original publication date October 1999.

Pittosporum tobira Japanese Pittosporum, Japanese Cheesewood

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Pittosporum tobira, commonly known as Japanese pittosporum or Japanese cheesewood. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its glossy, dark green leaves, creamy white flowers, and natural mounding shape. The document highlights its uses in landscaping, such as for screens, hedges, and container planting, and discusses its growth requirements and maintenance needs. Additionally, it addresses potential issues like pest sensitivity and soil preferences, emphasizing the importance of proper drainage to prevent root rot. The document also mentions different cultivars and their suitability for residential landscapes. Original publication date October, 1999.

Pittosporum tobira 'Variegata' Variegated Pittosporum

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the variegated pittosporum (Pittosporum tobira ‘Variegata’), a popular landscape shrub known for its glossy, creamy white and green variegated leaves. It discusses the plant’s growth habits, including its rapid growth when young and the need for frequent pruning. The document highlights the plant’s ornamental value, particularly when trained as a small tree, and its suitability for various uses such as screens, hedges, and container planting. Additionally, it covers the plant’s environmental tolerances, including its high drought and moderate soil salt tolerance, and addresses common problems such as pest infestations and root rot diseases.  Original publication date September 1999. 

Pittosporum tobira 'Wheeleri': Wheeler's Dwarf Pittosporum

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Wheeler’s dwarf pittosporum, an evergreen shrub known for its compact, rounded form and dark green foliage. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its moderate growth rate, dense texture, and specific leaf and flower attributes. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as its need for well-drained soil and partial to full sun exposure, and highlights its uses in landscaping, particularly in coastal areas. Additionally, it notes the plant’s susceptibility to certain pests and diseases, emphasizing the importance of proper maintenance and care. Original publication date October 1999.

Plumbago auriculata Plumbago, Cape Plumbago, Sky Flower

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Plumbago auriculata, commonly known as plumbago, cape plumbago, or sky flower. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its evergreen nature, pale blue flowers, and suitability for various uses such as foundation planting, planters, and hedges. The document details the plant’s growth requirements, including its preference for full sun, well-drained soil, and moderate drought tolerance. It also highlights the plant’s potential for attracting butterflies and its general availability within its hardiness range. Additionally, the document mentions propagation methods and common pest problems associated with plumbago. Original publication date October, 1999.

Polyscias pinnata Balfour Aralia

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides an overview of the Balfour aralia (Polyscias pinnata), a shrub known for its variegated, glossy green leaves with white margins. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and leaf arrangement. The document also covers its preferred growing conditions, such as light, soil, and water requirements, and highlights its uses in landscaping as a hedge, specimen, or container plant. Additionally, it addresses propagation methods and potential pest issues, noting that the plant is generally pest-resistant but can be affected by mites and scale. The Balfour aralia is praised for its ornamental features and versatility in various garden settings. Original publication date September 1999.

Pontederia cordata Pickerel Weed

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata), a native aquatic plant found in Florida and other parts of eastern North America. It describes the plant’s habitat, growth characteristics, and ornamental features, highlighting its adaptability to shallow wetland areas and its attractive purple-blue flowers. The document also covers planting guidelines, including optimal water depth and spacing, and notes the plant’s aggressive growth habit and potential for use in water gardens and pond stabilization. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s pest resistance and propagation methods. Original publication date October 1999.

Prunus americana American Plum

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the American plum (Prunus americana), a native North American tree. It describes the tree’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and seasonal changes, such as its white spring flowers and yellow fall foliage. The document also covers the tree’s growth habits, soil and light requirements, and its uses in landscaping. Additionally, it highlights the tree’s resilience to drought and various soil types, while noting its tendency to form multi-stemmed thickets. The document concludes with information on propagation methods and potential pest issues.

Psychotria nervosa Wild Coffee

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Psychotria nervosa, commonly known as wild coffee, a native shrub of Florida. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its glossy green leaves, white flowers, and red fruit. The shrub is moderately drought-tolerant, thrives in partial to full shade, and is suitable for various landscape uses such as hedges, borders, and mass plantings. The document also highlights the plant’s non-invasive nature, moderate growth rate, and its attraction to birds. Additionally, it notes the plant’s adaptability to different soil types and its lack of serious pest issues. Original publication date September 1999.

Pyrostegia venusta Flame Vine

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Flame Vine (Pyrostegia venusta), a vigorous evergreen vine known for its rapid growth and striking reddish-orange flowers. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its climbing habit, dense foliage, and high drought tolerance. The document also highlights the vine’s invasive potential in certain regions, its ideal growing conditions, and the need for regular pruning to manage its growth. Additionally, it covers propagation methods and potential pest issues, making it a comprehensive guide for gardeners and horticulturists interested in cultivating this ornamental plant. Original publication date October 1999.

Randia aculeata White Indigoberry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Randia aculeata, commonly known as white indigoberry. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flowering habits. The shrub is noted for its fragrant white flowers and white fruits, which attract birds. It thrives in well-drained sandy or rocky soils, is highly drought-tolerant, and has a high salt spray tolerance, making it suitable for coastal landscapes. The document also highlights its uses in landscaping, such as a specimen plant, foundation, or border shrub, and mentions its general pest resistance and non-invasive nature. Original publication date October, 1999.

Rhizophora mangle: Red Mangrove

Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Deborah R. Hilbert, and Drew C. McLean

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), a salt-tolerant tree found in coastal regions of subtropical and tropical areas. It details the etymology, distribution, physical characteristics, and ecological significance of the species. The red mangrove’s unique root structures and its role in coastal protection against erosion and storm damage are highlighted. Additionally, the document discusses the threats posed by climate change, invasive species, and unsustainable management practices. Historical and medicinal uses of the red mangrove are also covered, emphasizing its importance to both natural ecosystems and human communities. Original publication date October, 1999.

Rhododendron canescens Pink Pinxter Azalea, Florida Honeysuckle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the pink pinxter azalea (Rhododendron canescens), also known as Florida honeysuckle. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its vivid pink or white blooms, growth habits, and preferred growing conditions. The azalea thrives in rich, moist, acidic soil with light shade and requires minimal pruning. It is noted for its moderate drought tolerance and ability to attract hummingbirds and butterflies. The document also covers planting zones, potential uses, and common issues such as iron deficiencies and root rot. Original publication date October 1999.

Rhododendron x 'Fashion' 'Fashion' Azalea

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the ‘Fashion’ azalea (Rhododendron x ‘Fashion’), including its botanical characteristics, planting guidelines, and care requirements. It highlights the plant’s suitability for various uses such as mass planting, container gardening, and attracting butterflies. The document also addresses potential pest issues and diseases, offering preventive measures and treatment options. Additionally, it mentions popular cultivars within the Gumpo series and their distinct flower colors. Original publication date October 1999. 

Rhododendron x 'George Taber' 'George Taber' Azalea

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Rhododendron x ‘George Taber’ azalea, a large, spreading evergreen azalea known for its impressive appearance in mass plantings and as a specimen planting. It highlights the plant’s characteristics, including its suitability for various landscaping uses. Additionally, the document mentions related azalea varieties and provides links to further resources on azalea pest management and other horticultural topics. The information is part of the University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) Extension outreach. Original publication date October 1999.

Tradescantia spathacea Oyster Plant, Moses in the Cradle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Tradescantia spathacea, commonly known as the oyster plant or Moses in the Cradle. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its green and purplish leaves and small white flowers. The document highlights the plant’s adaptability to various soil types and light conditions, its drought tolerance, and its suitability for use as a groundcover or in containers. Additionally, it notes the plant’s invasive potential and common pests and diseases that may affect it. The document also mentions propagation methods and the availability of different cultivars. Original publication date October 1999.

Rudbeckia hirta Blackeyed Susan, Gloriosa Daisy

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Blackeyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), detailing its characteristics, planting requirements, and care. It describes the plant’s appearance, including its height, spread, and flower colors, and offers guidance on optimal growing conditions such as soil type, light requirements, and drought tolerance. The document also addresses potential pests and diseases that may affect the plant, along with propagation methods. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping and its availability in various cultivars. Original publication date October 1999.

Salvia coccinea Scarlet Salvia, Scarlet Sage

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Salvia coccinea, commonly known as scarlet salvia or scarlet sage, a perennial herb native to the southeastern United States, including Florida. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and flowering seasons. The document also discusses its preferred growing conditions, such as soil type and light requirements, and highlights its uses in landscaping, particularly for attracting butterflies and hummingbirds. Additionally, it covers the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, pest resistance, and propagation methods. The document emphasizes the ornamental value of Salvia coccinea and its suitability for various garden settings. Original publication date October 1999.

Salvia farinacea 'Victoria White' 'Victoria White' Sage

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Victoria White’ sage (Salvia farinacea ‘Victoria White’), a perennial herbaceous plant native to the southwestern United States. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth habits, as well as its white flower spikes and grey/green foliage. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as full sun and various soil types, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its attractiveness to butterflies and hummingbirds, and its general availability within its hardiness range. Pest issues like aphids and powdery mildew are also mentioned. Original publication date October 1999. 

Salvia greggii Cherry Sage, Autumn Sage, Cherry Salvia

Edward F. Gilman, David Marshall, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Salvia greggii, commonly known as cherry sage, autumn sage, or cherry salvia. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flower colors. The document highlights its native range in North America and its adaptability to various soil types and climates, particularly USDA hardiness zones 7B through 11. It also discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, its moderate drought tolerance, and its attractiveness to hummingbirds and butterflies. Additionally, the document covers planting guidelines, propagation methods, and pest resistance, noting that cherry sage is generally free from major pest and disease issues. Original publication date October, 1999. 

Salvia guarantica x gesneraeflor 'Purple Majesty' 'Purple Majesty' Sage, 'Purple Majesty' Salvia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Purple Majesty’ sage, an herbaceous perennial known for its deep purple flowers and dark green foliage. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and leaf arrangement. The document also covers planting guidelines for various USDA hardiness zones, highlighting its moderate drought tolerance and preference for well-drained soils. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, such as attracting butterflies and hummingbirds, and its suitability for mass plantings and borders. The document notes that ‘Purple Majesty’ sage is not native to North America and has no serious pest issues. Original publication date October 1999. 

Salvia leucantha Mexican Sage Mexican Salvia

Edward F. Gilman, David Marshall, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Mexican sage (Salvia leucantha), an herbaceous perennial known for its attractive rose-purple flowers and gray-green foliage. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and leaf arrangement. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as full sun and well-drained soil, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its appeal to hummingbirds and butterflies, and its propagation methods. The Mexican sage is noted for its ornamental features and lack of serious pest issues. Original publication date October 1999.

Salvia uliginosa Bog Sage, Bog Salvia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Salvia uliginosa, commonly known as Bog Sage or Bog Salvia. It describes the plant as an upright to spreading perennial that can reach heights of 3 to 4 feet. The plant is versatile, serving as a ground cover or background plant, and is particularly attractive when paired with ornamental grasses. It thrives in full sun to partial shade and can adapt to both wet and dry conditions, although it can become invasive in wet areas. The document also provides guidance on propagation methods and notes that Bog Sage has no major pest or disease concerns. Original publication date October 1999.

Salvia x 'Purple Fountain' 'Purple Fountain' Salvia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Salvia x ‘Purple Fountain’, commonly known as ‘Purple Fountain’ Salvia. It describes the plant as a perennial that typically grows to a height of 2 to 3 feet with a similar spread. The foliage is dark green, and the plant produces striking purple flowers from late spring through fall. ‘Purple Fountain’ Salvia is noted for its ability to attract butterflies and hummingbirds, making it a popular choice for gardens focused on wildlife. The plant thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, demonstrating moderate drought tolerance once established. The document also includes guidance on propagation and maintenance, emphasizing the plant’s minimal pest and disease issues. Original publication date October, 1999.

Savia bahamensis Maidenbush

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Salvia bahamensis, commonly known as Maidenbush. It describes the plant as a large, evergreen shrub that can reach heights of 6 to 10 feet. The leaves are leathery and dark green, with small, inconspicuous flowers that bloom in the spring. Maidenbush is well-suited for use as a hedge or screen due to its dense foliage. It thrives in full sun to partial shade and is tolerant of a variety of soil types, including sandy and rocky soils. The document also includes information on propagation and maintenance, noting that Maidenbush is relatively pest and disease-free, making it a low-maintenance option for landscapes. Original publication date October, 1999.

Scabiosa atropurpurea Pincushion Flower, Sweet Scabiosa

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Scabiosa atropurpurea, commonly known as Pincushion Flower or Sweet Scabiosa. It describes the plant as an annual that typically grows to a height of 1 to 3 feet with a spread of 1 to 2 feet. The plant has an upright habit and medium texture, with most leaves emerging from the soil. The flowers are deep pink and appear during the warm months, adding a showy element to gardens. Pincushion Flower thrives in full sun and can grow in a variety of soil types, including acidic, sandy, loamy, and clay soils. The document also includes information on planting times, spacing, and general care, noting that the plant has no major pest or disease issues. Original publication date October, 1999.

Scaevola frutescens Scaevola, Beach Naupaka

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Scaevola frutescens, commonly known as Scaevola or Beach Naupaka. It describes the plant as a shrub that grows 3 to 10 feet tall with bright green leaves and white, fragrant flowers. The plant thrives in full sun to part shade and tolerates various soil types. It also highlights the plant’s high drought and salt tolerance. This also describes the method of propagation, pests and diseases. Original publication date October, 1999.

Scaevola plumieri Inkberry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

The publication discusses Scaevola plumieri (Inkberry), a native shrub of Florida, known for its dense, low-growing habit and salt tolerance. It thrives in coastal areas and helps stabilize sand dunes. This plant features thick, glossy leaves and small, white, fan-shaped flowers. It is drought and salt-tolerant, making it ideal for coastal landscaping. Inkberry can be propagated from seeds or rooted stems and is primarily used as ground cover or in reclamation projects. The plant is not invasive and has minimal pest concerns. a. Original publication date October, 1999.

Schaefferia frutescens Florida Boxwood

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

The publication on Schaefferia frutescens (Florida Boxwood) covers its characteristics as a dense, oval-shaped shrub or small tree, native to Florida. It has evergreen, elliptic leaves and produces greenish-white flowers followed by small, bright red fruits. Florida Boxwood is drought and salt-tolerant, thrives in partial shade, and can be used as a hedge, screen, or in formal landscaping. It has no known pest or disease issues and grows well in well-drained, alkaline soils. Original publication date October, 1999.

Sedum x 'Autumn Joy' 'Autumn Joy' Sedum

Edward F. Gilman, Terry Delvalle, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

The publication on Sedum x 'Autumn Joy' highlights it as a drought-tolerant, herbaceous perennial. It grows 1.5–3 feet tall, features fleshy, gray-green leaves, and produces clusters of pink flowers that turn coppery and rust-colored in fall. It thrives in full sun and well-drained soils, attracting bees and butterflies. The plant is ideal for mass plantings, borders, and rock gardens, and has minimal pest or disease issues. It can be propagated through cuttings or division. Original publication date October 1999. 

Senecio cineraria Dusty Miller

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

The publication on Senecio cineraria (Dusty Miller) highlights its attractive silver-white, finely divided foliage, which adds visual interest, especially in low light. It grows 12 to 18 inches tall and is used in mass plantings, borders, or containers. It prefers full sun or light shade and well-drained soil, with moderate drought tolerance. The plant has no major pest or disease concerns and is typically propagated by seed. The cultivar 'Silver Queen' is noted for its compact, lacy leaves. Original publication date October 1999.

Senecio confusus Mexican Flame Vine

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

The publication on Senecio confusus (Mexican Flame Vine) describes it as a fast-growing, evergreen vine with dark green, coarsely toothed leaves and bright orange-red daisy-like flowers. Ideal for covering fences, trellises, or cascading down walls, it blooms mostly in spring and summer. This vine thrives in full sun to partial shade and tolerates various soils, though it is susceptible to pests like nematodes and caterpillars. It can be propagated by seed or cuttings, and the 'Sao Paulo' cultivar offers deeper orange flowers. Original publication date October, 1999.

Spartina bakeri Marsh Grass, Sand Cordgrass

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

Spartina bakeri (Marsh Grass or Sand Cordgrass) is a hardy, clumping grass native to Florida. It grows 4-5 feet tall, thrives in wetland areas, and is drought and salt-tolerant. Commonly used in erosion control and wetland restoration, it also works well as an ornamental plant due to its graceful arching leaves. It prefers full sun and moist soils but can adapt to drier conditions. Original publication date October 1999.

Sphaeropteris cooperi: Australian Tree Fern

Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Deborah R. Hilbert, and Drew C. McLean

The Australian tree fern (Sphaeropteris cooperi) is a tropical, single-trunked fern native to eastern Australia, growing 15-30 feet tall. It has finely textured, lacy, bipinnately compound leaves and thrives in USDA zones 10B-11, in well-drained, sandy loam soils with partial to full shade. It requires regular moisture and light fertilization. The plant is non-invasive and suitable for shaded landscapes or near water features. Common pests include mites, mealy bugs, and termites, but it generally resists diseases. Original publication date October 1999.

Spiraea cantoniensis Reeve's Spiraea, Bridal-Wreath

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of Spiraea cantoniensis, commonly known as Reeve’s Spiraea or Bridal-Wreath. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its fine-textured, small leaves and dense clusters of pure white flowers that bloom in spring. The document discusses the plant’s growth habits, preferred growing conditions, and potential uses in landscaping, such as mass plantings, specimen plants, and hedges. Additionally, it addresses the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, soil preferences, and minimal pest issues, making it a versatile and attractive option for various garden settings. Original publication date October 1999.

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Blue Porterweed

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an in-depth look at Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, commonly known as Blue Porterweed. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its growth habits, appearance, and flowering patterns. The document highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, such as hedges, borders, and mass plantings, and its ability to attract butterflies. Additionally, it covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, including light, soil, and water requirements, as well as its high drought tolerance and minimal pest issues. Original publication date October 1999. 

Strelitizia reginae Bird of Paradise

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Strelitzia reginae, commonly known as Bird of Paradise. It describes the plant’s striking blue-green foliage and distinctive orange and blue flowers, which bloom periodically throughout the year. The document covers the plant’s growth habits, preferred growing conditions, and uses in landscaping, such as mass plantings, specimen plants, and container gardening. Additionally, it addresses the plant’s high drought tolerance, soil preferences, and minimal pest issues, making it a versatile and attractive option for various garden settings.

Suriana maritima Bay Cedar

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Suriana maritima, commonly known as Bay Cedar. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its sturdy, branched trunk, dark brown flaky bark, and tiny gray-green leaves. The document highlights the plant’s yellow, cup-shaped flowers that bloom throughout the year and its small, brown, five-pointed calyx that holds the seeds. It also covers the plant’s growth habits, preferred growing conditions, and uses in landscaping, such as hedges, mass plantings, and buffer strips. Additionally, it addresses the plant’s high tolerance for salt and wind, making it ideal for coastal landscapes. Original publication date October 1999.

Syzygium paniculatum Brush Cherry

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Syzygium paniculatum, commonly known as Brush Cherry. It describes the plant’s attractive reddish foliage that matures to dark green, and its small, shiny leaves. The document highlights the plant’s growth habits, including its potential to reach up to 12 feet in height, and its common use as a hedge in residential landscapes. It also covers the plant’s white flowers, which are often pruned off but can be quite showy when left to bloom. Additionally, the document discusses the plant’s adaptability to various soil types, its high drought tolerance, and its minimal pest issues, making it a versatile choice for different landscaping needs. Original publication date October 1999. 

Tabernaemontana divaricata Crepe Jasmine, Pinwheel Flower

Edward F.Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Tabernaemontana divaricata, commonly known as Crepe Jasmine or Pinwheel Flower. It describes the plant’s round, evergreen form, large glossy dark green leaves, and waxy white, ruffle-edged flowers that are especially fragrant at night. The document highlights the plant’s growth habits, preferred growing conditions, and uses in landscaping, such as mass plantings, specimen plants, and hedges. Additionally, it addresses the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, soil preferences, and minimal pest issues, making it a versatile and attractive option for various garden settings. Publication date: October, 1999. 

Tagetes erecta ‘Perfection Yellow’ ‘Perfection Yellow’ Marigold

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Tagetes erecta ‘Perfection Yellow’, commonly known as ‘Perfection Yellow’ marigold. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors, which range from yellow to bicolored. The document also covers the plant’s growth requirements, such as full sun and well-drained soil, and its susceptibility to pests and diseases. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, including as a border plant and in containers, and offers tips for maintaining its appearance and health. Original publication date October 1999. 

Tagetes tenuifolia Signet, Signet Marigold

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Tagetes tenuifolia, commonly known as Signet Marigold. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors, which range from yellow to bicolored. The document also discusses the plant’s growth requirements, such as full sun and well-drained soil, and its susceptibility to pests and diseases. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, including as an edging plant and in containers, and offers tips for maintaining its appearance and health. Publication date: October, 1999.

Taxus floridana Florida Yew

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Taxus floridana, commonly known as Florida Yew. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and foliage, which consists of dark green needles. The document also covers the plant’s growth requirements, such as partial shade and well-drained soil, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, including as a specimen, hedge, or foundation planting, and offers tips for maintaining its health and appearance. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving this native species, which is found only in a small area of north Florida. Original publication date October 1999.

Ternstroemia gymnanthera Cleyera, Japanese Ternstroemia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Ternstroemia gymnanthera, commonly known as Japanese ternstroemia or cleyera. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its dense, dark green foliage that changes color with the seasons, and its small, fragrant white flowers that give way to red fruits. The plant is noted for its moderate growth rate, upright habit, and tolerance to various soil types and light conditions. It is recommended for use as a screen, hedge, or specimen plant due to its ornamental features and low maintenance requirements. The document also covers the plant’s propagation methods, pest resistance, and cultural needs, emphasizing its suitability for year-round planting in USDA hardiness zones 7 through 10. Original publication date October 1999.

Tetrazygia bicolor Florida Tetrazygia, West Indian Lilac

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Taxus floridana, commonly known as Florida yew. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its slow growth, dense foliage, and soft, dark green needles. The plant produces insignificant flowers and small, red, pulpy fruits that are poisonous. Florida yew is noted for its use as a specimen, hedge, or foundation planting due to its compact growth and ornamental features. The document also covers the plant’s propagation methods, pest resistance, and cultural needs, emphasizing its suitability for planting in USDA hardiness zones 8 through 9A. Original publication date October 1999.

Tibouchina granulosa Purple Glory Tree

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Tibouchina granulosa, commonly known as the purple glory tree. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its moderate growth rate, dense foliage, and large, vibrant purple flowers that bloom throughout much of the year. The plant can be trained into a small tree or maintained as a shrub, making it versatile for various landscape uses such as screens, specimen plants, or container gardening. The document also covers the plant’s cultural requirements, including its preference for full sun and well-drained soil, as well as its propagation methods and pest resistance. Emphasis is placed on its suitability for USDA hardiness zones 10B through 11. Original publication date October, 1999.

Tibouchina spp. Dwarf Tibouchina, Glorytree

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. The publication “Tibouchina spp.: Dwarf Tibouchina, Glorytree” provides an overview of the dwarf tibouchina plant. This species, known for its compact growth and small, vibrant purple flowers, is suitable for use as ground cover or in hanging baskets. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10 through 11 and prefers part shade to part sun. The plant is not native to North America and is not known to be invasive. It requires moderate growth conditions and is relatively pest-resistant. First published October 1999. 

Tropaeolum x 'Jewel Mix' 'Jewel Mix' Nasturtium, 'Jewel Mix' Watercress

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. The publication titled “Tropaeolum x ‘Jewel Mix’ Nasturtium” from the UF/IFAS Extension provides detailed information on the ‘Jewel Mix’ variety of nasturtium. It covers the plant’s scientific classification, common names, and pronunciation. The document also includes guidelines on the plant’s cultivation, care, and uses in horticulture. Originally published in October 1999, this resource is part of a series by the Department of Environmental Horticulture.

Turnera ulmifolia Yellow Alder, Yellow Elder, Ramgoat Dashalong

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID for Homeowner audience(s). This publication provides comprehensive information on the Yellow Alder plant. It details the plant’s scientific classification, common names, and pronunciation. The document includes guidelines on cultivation, care, and uses in landscaping, highlighting its adaptability to various soil conditions and its moderate drought tolerance. The publication also discusses the plant’s invasive potential and management practices. Originally published in October 1999.

Uniola paniculata Sea Oats

Edward F. Gilman

This publication provides an overview of sea oats, a crucial dune stabilizer native to the southeastern United States. The document highlights the plant’s characteristics, including its height (5-8 feet), drought tolerance, and ability to grow in full sun and sandy soils. Sea oats spread through underground rhizomes and produce a distinctive inflorescence. The publication emphasizes the importance of preserving existing plants and encourages planting sea oats to stabilize coastal dunes. It also notes the plant’s high drought tolerance and lack of serious pest issues. First published October 1999. 

Pentalinon luteum Wild Allamanda, Hammock Viper's-tail

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

The publication provides an overview of the wild allamanda, a vine-like shrub native to Florida. This plant, known for its yellow flowers that bloom year-round, can grow as a sprawling vine over nearby structures. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10B through 11 and is well-suited for sandy, coastal landscapes due to its high drought and moderate salt tolerance. The document also discusses the plant’s growth habits, maintenance requirements, and its potential use in landscaping as a hedge or on trellises. First published Oct. 1999.

Verbena maritima Beach Verbena

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the beach verbena, a native plant of Florida’s coastal areas. This perennial ground cover is known for its purple or lavender flowers and fine-textured foliage. It thrives in full sun and sandy soils, making it an excellent dune stabilizer. The plant’s stems creep along the ground, rooting to bind the sand and prevent erosion. Despite its resilience to salt air and water, the beach verbena is endangered in the wild. The text emphasizes its use in landscaping for ground cover, attracting butterflies, and naturalizing coastal areas. First published Oct. 1999. 

Verbena speciosa 'Imagination' 'Imagination' Verbena

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

The publication provides an overview of the ‘Imagination’ verbena, a perennial ground cover well-suited for Florida landscapes. This plant, which won the All American Selections award in 1993, features deep violet-blue or purple flowers that bloom in clusters atop its 12-inch-tall stems. It thrives in full sun and various soil types, including sand, loam, and clay. The ‘Imagination’ verbena is noted for its high drought tolerance and ability to spread, making it an excellent choice for erosion control and attracting butterflies. First published Oct. 1999. 

Veronica spp. Wooly Speedwell, Speedwell

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This publication provides an overview of various Veronica species, commonly known as wooly speedwell or speedwell. These herbaceous plants can grow between 2 to 18 inches tall and thrive in full sun or light shade. They are suitable for USDA hardiness zones 4 through 9A. The document discusses the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, growth habits, and uses in landscaping, such as ground cover, borders, and mass plantings. It also addresses common pests and diseases, including downy mildew and leaf spot. First published 1999. 

Viola x wittrockiana Pansy

Edward F. Gilman and Teresa Howe

The publication “Viola x wittrockiana Pansy” provides an overview of the pansy, a biennial plant often grown as an annual. Known for its brightly colored flowers, the pansy thrives in cool weather and is suitable for USDA hardiness zones 8 through 11. The document discusses the plant’s growth habits, including its preference for part shade and ample moisture, especially during hot weather. It also covers planting guidelines, pest management, and the various cultivars available, highlighting the pansy’s versatility in garden borders, containers, and as cut flowers. First published 1999.

Sphagneticola trilobata Wedelia

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This publication provides an overview of wedelia, a perennial ground cover known for its glossy, dark green leaves and bright yellow, daisy-like flowers. This plant thrives in hot, dry conditions and is suitable for USDA hardiness zones 8B through 11. Despite its attractive appearance and rapid growth, wedelia is classified as a Category 2 invasive species in Florida. The document discusses its growth habits, maintenance requirements, and potential uses in landscaping, while also emphasizing the importance of controlling its spread to prevent ecological damage. First published 1999. 

Yucca aloifolia Spanish Bayonet

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

The publication provides an overview of the Spanish bayonet, a dramatic landscape plant known for its dark green, stiff, dagger-like leaves and bright white blossoms. This plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 6 through 11 and is highly tolerant of salt, making it ideal for seaside plantings. The document discusses its growth habits, including its ability to form multi-stemmed clumps and its preference for full sun to partial shade. It also covers maintenance tips, such as removing the sharp-needled tips for safety, and highlights its use as an accent plant in gardens. First published Oct. 1999.  

Yucca filamentosa Adam's Needle

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Adam’s needle, a slow-growing native plant found in the southeastern United States. This evergreen shrub features sharp, spine-tipped leaves with filamentous threads along the margins and can grow up to 3 feet tall. In summer, it produces a tall, showy flower spike with white blossoms. Adam’s needle thrives in USDA hardiness zones 7B through 10, preferring well-drained soils and partial shade to full sun. The document highlights its uses in landscaping as a specimen plant, ground cover, or border accent, and notes its high drought tolerance and minimal pest issues. First published Oct. 1999. 

Yucca gloriosa Spanish Dagger, Moundlily Yucca

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This publication provides an overview of the Spanish dagger, a striking landscape plant known for its blue-grey to green, drooping leaves and slightly reddish-tinged, white, fragrant blossoms that appear in late spring or early summer. This plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 6 through 11 and is highly tolerant of salt, making it ideal for seaside plantings. The document discusses its growth habits, including its ability to form attractive clumps and its preference for full sun to partial shade. It also covers maintenance tips, such as removing the sharp-needled tips for safety, and highlights its use as an accent plant in gardens. First published Oct. 1999. 

Zamia floridana Coontie

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This publication provides a comprehensive overview of the coontie plant, a native Florida species also known as Zamia pumila. The document details the plant’s characteristics, including its feather-like, leathery foliage that emerges from a large underground storage root. Coontie is valued for its tropical landscape effect and is suitable for use as a specimen or container planting. It thrives in a variety of soils, requires minimal watering once established, and has high drought tolerance. The publication also covers the plant’s growth habits, pest resistance, and management practices, emphasizing its ornamental features and potential uses in landscaping. First published Oct. 1999. 

Zamia furfuracea Cardboard Plant, Cardboard Cycad

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

The publication provides detailed information about the cardboard plant, also known as Zamia furfuracea. This plant features rigid, woody, medium-green foliage that forms a loose, symmetrical rosette. It is well-suited for tropical landscapes, container planting, or as a specimen plant. The cardboard plant thrives in a variety of well-drained soils and can grow in both full sun and partial shade. It is highly drought-tolerant once established and has minimal pest issues, with Florida red scale being the primary concern. The publication also highlights the plant’s ornamental value, slow growth rate, and suitability for indoor cultivation. First published Oct. 1999. 

Zanthoxylum fagara Wild Lime

Edward F. Gilman

The publication provides an in-depth look at the wild lime tree, native to South Florida and the Caribbean Basin. This small tree, known for its compound leaves with distinct wings and lime-scented foliage, thrives as an understory tree in coastal upland plant communities. It can be grown with multiple stems or trained to have a single trunk. The wild lime is highly adaptable, tolerating both full sun and partial shade, and is suitable for use in reclamation projects, buffer strips, and as a specimen plant. It is also noted for its high drought tolerance and minimal pest issues, making it a resilient choice for various landscaping needs. First published Oct.1999. 

Zebrina pendula Wandering Jew, Inchplant

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Zephyranthes spp. Rain Lily

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document is about the Zephyranthes spp., commonly known as rain lily. It describes the plant’s dainty, funnel-shaped blooms that appear after heavy rain in various colors, including white, yellow, pink, rose, red, and orange. The rain lily grows in full sun or partial shade, tolerates various soils, and has high drought tolerance. It is used in rock gardens, borders, and containers. The document also covers the plant’s propagation by seed or division and mentions potential pests and diseases, such as maggots and Botrytis. First published Oct. 1999.

Zinnia spp. Zinnia

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document is about the Zinnia spp., commonly known as zinnia. It describes the plant’s various heights (6 inches to 3 feet) and vibrant flower colors (except blue). Zinnias thrive in full sun, tolerate most soils, and are used in mass plantings, containers, and as cut flowers. The document also covers planting guidelines, pest and disease management, and highlights the plant’s fast growth rate and high drought tolerance. Original publication date October, 1999.

Hollies at a Glance

Sydney Park Brown

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Homeowner audience(s).

Cold Protection of Landscape Plants

Sydney Park Brown

This document discusses the impact of cold temperatures on landscape plants in Florida, highlighting the differences between radiational and advective freezes. It explains how tropical, subtropical, and temperate plants respond to cold, and provides strategies for protecting plants before, during, and after a freeze. Key methods include utilizing microclimates, proper plant nutrition, watering, pruning, and using covers. The document also emphasizes the importance of acclimating plants and offers practical tips for homeowners to minimize cold injury and ensure plant recovery. Original publication date June 1990.